RESUMO
A design proposal for a HCEFN Hospital Continuous Education in Feeding and Nutrition, along with the educational intervention model developed and conducted at the "Hermanos Ameijieras" Hospital (Havana City, Cuba), and some of the results obtained after its implementation between 1997-2004, are presented in this article. The System design should include three levels of different and increasing complexity, depending on the level of knowledge, capabilities and aptitudes exhibited by hospital actors. The described system should also accommodate inter- and intra-disciplinary forms of education, learning and training aimed not only to increase the proficiency of actors in the recognition and treatment of hospital malnutrition, but also to foster group performance. The operation of a HCEFN at the hospital of the authors's affiliation has showed the feasibility of conducting such educational interventions oriented to foster Good Practices for Feeding and Nutrition of the hospitalized patients.
Assuntos
Hospitais , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Alimentos , Serviço Hospitalar de Nutrição , Humanos , Metabolismo , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
RATIONALE: Response of the burned patient to surgical medical treatment might depend not only upon the damages brought about by thermal aggression, namely, increased metabolic requirements, onset of the Systemic Inflamatory Response Syndrome, and microbial infections, but also the cultural practices embedded within nutritional care institutional processes. GOAL: To assess how conduction of nutritional care processes of assessment and intervention may influence therapeutical effectiveness indicators of hospital Burn Services. STUDY SERIES: Forty-two patients with a Burn Body Surface Area (BBSA)>10% assisted at the Burn Service of the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical Surgical Hospital (La Habana, Cuba), between January 2001-December 2003. METHODS: Nutritional care of assessment and intervention conducted upon the burn patient were audited after reviewing clinical charts. The audited processes were declared as Completed (or not). Completeness of the process was related to complications and mortality rates, and length of hospital stay predicted from BBSA. RESULTS: Nutritional care processes of assessment and intervention were completed in 49.4% and 22.6% of the audited charts, respectively. Prospective recording of patient's body weight was associated with lower mortality. Early nutritional assessment and sufficient energy supply to patients with BBSA>20% were associated with lower complications rates and better compliance with BBSA-predicted length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: This work is the first enquiry into the behaviour of the institution's Burn Service, in anticipation of the design and implementation of a medical care Continuous Quality Improvement Program. In spite of the current state of nutritional care processes completeness, their observance might favorably influence the Service's effectiveness indicators.
Assuntos
Queimaduras/terapia , Apoio Nutricional , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Departamentos Hospitalares , Humanos , Masculino , Auditoria Médica , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Nutrient Energy Malnutrition (NEM) is a common feature among liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and might constitute a negative predictor of patient's survival. A prospective descriptive study was carried out in order to assess the influence of LC patient's nutritional status on the occurrence of complications and mortality in a tertiary care health institution in Havana City (Cuba). One-hundred twenty-one patients were recruited for the study (Women: 52.9%; Younger than 60 years: 59.0%; Whites: 90.0%). C virus infection, alcoholism, and B virus infection accounted for 71.0% of LC cases. Ninety-two percents of the patients had less than 5 yearse of diagnosis. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) of nutritional status returned a 45.0% of malnutrition. Malnutrition was associated with disease progression: twenty-one percent of A Child-Pugh Stage patients was malnourished, but this rate increased to become 90.0% among those in C stage. Fat and skeletal muscle compartments were reduced in 36.0 and 37.0% of the patients, respectively. Complications affected 44.6% of the patients. Sixty percent of them were malnourished (p <0.01). One-year mortality rate was 11.0%. Ninety-two percent of deceased patients were malnourished (p < 0.01). LC malnourished patients have greater risk of complications and death as compared to well-nourished ones.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Desnutrição/complicações , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Idoso , Cuba , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The results achieved by a Nutritional Support Group (NSG) operating within a tertiary-level hospital in the city of Havana (CUBA) for the last 8 years are presented in this work. Results relate to the performance of the Group in the three domains of medical care, on one hand, and the inception of a Metabolic, Nutritional and Feeding Intervention Program (PRINUMA) of institutional reach, on the other. Nutritional assistance has served the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility of intervention schemes conducted under the premise of the use of the enteral route as first choice, and the benefits observed in selected cases. Teaching has always been a priority of the Group, as a tool to expose the institution's medical care teams to new ideas and novel ways of acting, in order to eliminate those undesirable practices attempting against the patient's nutriture that have arisen most of the times from myths, fallacies and dogmas. Research has been a perfect complemment of the Group's performance in the two previous domains, making possible the incorporation of nutritional support and Artificial nutrition issues into the institution's R&D portfolio. GAN's medical workup has been accompannied by the deployment of the PRINUMA, in order to respond to the challenges brought about by the recognition of disease-associated-malnutrition as an institutional health problem. The guidelines followed in this article for reporting the Group's activities can become a methodological platform for the purpose of assessment by third parties.
Assuntos
Hospitais Públicos/organização & administração , Hospitais Urbanos/organização & administração , Apoio Nutricional , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Grupos de Autoajuda , Cuba , Educação Médica Continuada , Nutrição Enteral/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Nutrição Parenteral/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/organização & administração , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Grupos de Autoajuda/organização & administração , Medicina Estatal/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The hospital Nutricional Support Group (NSG) represents the ultimate step in the evolution of the forms of provision of nutritional and feeding care to hospitalized patients. The NSG outdoes other preceeding forms for its harmony and cohesion among its members, the multi-, inter- and transdisciplinarity, the dedication to the activity on a full time basis, and the capability to self-finance by means of the savings derived from the implementation of a nutritional policy consistent with the Good Practices of Feeding and Nutrition. It is to be expected that the inception and operation of a NSG in a hospital environment allows the realization of the benefits embedded into the Metabolic, Nutritional and Feeding Intervention Programs. Guidelines and recommendations for the definition of the size and composition of an hospital NSG are presented in this article, along with the responsabilities, functions and tasks to be assumed by its members, and a timetable for its implementation, always from the experiencies of the authors after conducting a NSG in a tertiary-care hospital in Havana (Cuba).
Assuntos
Hospitais , Terapia Nutricional , Grupos de Autoajuda/organização & administração , HumanosRESUMO
Metabolic, Nutrient and Feeding Intervention Programs must become the methodological tool for dealing with the health problem posed by disease-associated-malnutrition on one side, and the "Bad Practices" affecting the nutritional status of the patient, on the other one. Programs like these ones should prescribe clear policies and actions in the three domains of contemporary medical practice: assistance, research and education. The fullfillment of these Program's objectives, and the relization of the implicit benefits, will only be possible if a methodological platform that armonically integrates elements of Continuous Education, Cost Analysis, Recording and Documentation, and Quality Control and Assurance, is created. The experience acumulated after the inception and conduction of the Intervention Program at the Clinical-Surgical "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital (Havana City, Cuba) has served to demostrate that it is feasible not only to create a theoretical and practical body to satisfy the aforementioned goals, but, also, to export it to another institutions of the country, in view of the fact that minimal investments for adquiring the resources needed to deploy such Program, as well as for training and capacitation of medic and paramedic personel in the corresponding Recording & Documentation and Feeding & Nutrition Good Practices might result in short-term economical and medical care benefits.
Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Nutrição , Hospitais/normas , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Custos e Análise de Custo , Cuba , Serviço Hospitalar de Nutrição/organização & administração , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Política Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To present the height- and sex-specific reference intervals for the urinary excretion of creatinine in cuban subjects with ages between 19-58 years. BACKGROUND: The standards advanced by Bistrian (1985) for anglosaxon subjects have been traditionally used for the construction of the Index of Creatinine Excretion (ICE). This practice could lead to diagnostic errors in the case of ICE calculation for non-anglosaxon populations differing in dietetic behaviour and body composition. METHODS: Values of urinary excretion of Creatinine measured in 103 men and 112 women with ages between 19 and 58 years, and preserved nutritional wellbeing (weight within the interquartile range for height; 18.5 < or = body mass index < or = 30.0 kg/m2) and renal function (serum Creatinine < or = 132 mumol/l) were drawn retrospectively from the databases of the Section of Urinalysis, Service of Clinical Laboratory, "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital (La Habana, Cuba). For each sex, the regression line urinary-Excrecion-of-Creatinine = c + d. height, where c, d: parameters dependent on the subject's height, were constructed. The predicted values of the urinary excretion of Creatinine for the cuban subjects were derived from the 100 (1-alpha)% prediction intervals (PI) of the regression line. RESULTS: The urinary excretion of Creatinine for a 170 cm-height, 66.5 kg-weight, cuban male with age between 19-58 years, was 1216.19 mg/24 hours (95% Pl: 821.02-1611.36 mg/24 hours). The urinary excretion of Creatinine for a 160 cm-height, 59.7k Kg-weight, cuban female with age between 19-58 years, was 852.00 mg/24 hours (95% Pl: 420.15-1283.84 mg/24 hours). After taking into account the subject's weight, the urinary excretion of Creatinine for the cuban subjects was lower than that of their anglosaxon counterparts. There was not correlation between the age of the subject and the urinary excretion of Creatinine. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of the values of the urinary excretion of Creatinine tabulated in this article in the conduction of studies of body composition and nutritional assessment.