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Along the Patagonian coast, there are processing factories of marine products in land that produce fish-processing effluents. The aim of the present study was to assess the physicochemical properties and the prokaryotic community composition of soils receiving fish-processing effluent discharges (effluent site-ES), and to compare them with those of unaltered soils (control site-CS) in the arid Patagonian steppe. We analyzed soil prokaryotic communities (using amplicon-based sequencing of 16S rRNA genes), soil physicochemical properties and fish-processing effluent characteristics. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), total and inorganic C were significantly higher in ES than in CS (p < .05). Effluent discharges induced a decrease in the total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and in the Shannon diversity index (p = .0009 and .01, respectively) of soil prokaryotic community. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla in CS, while ES soil showed a more heterogeneous composition of phyla. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fish-processing effluent discharges promoted an enrichment of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, which are active contributors to organic matter mineralization, along with a decrease of oligotrophic phyla such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Armatimonadetes and Nitrospirae, commonly found in nutrient-poor arid soils. The concentrations of inorganic C and ammonium, the EC and the soil moisture explained 73% of the total variation within the community composition. Due to its salinity and nutrients, fish-processing effluents have potential mainly for native salt-tolerant plant irrigation, however the impacts of soil prokaryotic community shifts over plant growth remain to be determined.

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Objetivo: Conocer las características clínicas, radiológicas y el resultado del tratamiento de los casos de Linfoma No Hodgkin primario óseo que se presentaron en el Departamento de Pediatría Oncológica del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN). Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de pacientes menores de 14 años encontradas en el archivo de estadística del INEN desde el 1ro de Enero de 1987 al 31 de Diciembre del 2008. La evaluación retrospectiva incluyó la recopilación de las estadísticas demográficas, clínicas, radiográficas, tratamiento y seguimiento de datos. Se usó la hoja de cálculo MS Excel para los análisis. Resultados: Se identificaron 509 casos de linfoma no Hodgkin de los cuales 5 casos fueron primario óseo. Los pacientes incluyeron 3 niños y 2 niñas con una edad media de 10.2 años. En la mayoría de los pacientes el hallazgo clínico principal fue dolor óseo. Tres niños tenían una lesión ósea solitaria y dos múltiples lesiones óseas. La tibia fue el hueso más frecuentemente afectado. Los cuatro pacientes que sobrevivieron fueron seguidos por un rango de 18 meses a 17 años. Un paciente falleció de shock séptico como complicación relacionada al tratamiento. El tiempo medio desde el diagnóstico hasta el fallecimiento fue de 1 año. Los cinco pacientes recibieron quimioterapia, un paciente recibió quimioterapia y luego cirugía. Conclusiones: La enfermedad localizada y la histología de células grandes se relacionan con un buen pronóstico. La imagen radiológica no permite un diagnóstico sin confirmación histológica. Utilizar criterios clínicos, radiológicos, de microscopía de rutina y un panel incompleto de marcadores de inmunohistoquímica, contribuye al diagnóstico erróneo de estas neoplasias. La inmunohistoquímica es definitiva para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Un compromiso óseo clínico y radiológico similar puede presentarse en diferentes patologías tanto benignas como malignas en niños.

Objective: To determine the frequency of primary bone Non Hodgkin´s Lymphoma in children and to know the clinical features, radiological findings and treatment of cases in the Pediatric Oncology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas in Lima û Perú. Design: Review of all patients under age 14 diagnosed with primary bone Non Hodgkin´s Lymphoma between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 2008 at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas in Lima û Peru. 509 cases of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma were identified during the study period, 5 cases were primary bone. We used the MS Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: The patients included three boys and two girls with a mean age of 10.2 years. In most patients the main clinical finding was bone pain. Three children had a solitary bone lesion and two multiple bone lesions. The tibia was most frequently involved. The four surviving patients were followed for a range of 18 months to 17 years. One patient died of septic shock as a complication related to treatment. The average time from diagnosis to death was 1 year. The five patients received chemotherapy, one patient received chemotherapy and then surgery. Conclusions: It appears that localized disease and large cell histology are associated with a good prognosis. The radiographic image does not allow a diagnosis without histological confirmation. Using clinical radiological, histological routine microscopy criteria and an unbalanced panel of immunohistochemical marker contribute to the misdiagnosis of these tumors. Immunohistochemistry is definitive for diagnosis and treatment. A clinical and radiological bone involvement can occur in various benign and malignant diseases in children.

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We present our experience with 83 patients with acoustic neurinomas (January 1988 to November 1996); 81 patients underwent surgery and 2 patients with intracanalicular neurinomas received conservative therapy due to their advanced age (1 case) and patient's option (1 case). The surgical approach was retrosigmoid/transmeatal and the goal was total removal in one procedure with preservation of facial and cochlear nerves. Radical removal of lesion was attempted in 79 cases and it was possible in 77 patients. Subtotal tumor resection was planned in 2 cases. Facial nerve function (grades I to III, House and Brackman) was preserved in 90% and hearing in 58% of those with preoperative hearing. Three patients died due to postoperative complications. Early diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas is the most important factor in the prognosis and is one of the most important conquest of neurophysiology and modern neuroimaging. The management of these patients still present many controversial points. This article presents the diagnostic procedures used for acoustic neurinomas, the advantages and disadvantages of the different surgical approaches and the alternative management of these lesions.

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The authors review the clinical, radiological and pathological features of 6 cases of glomus tumors of the temporal bone. Out of the 6 patients, 5 were female; age was distributed between 22 and 76 years (mean 48 years). The main clinical features were hypoacusia, tinnitus and otoscopic findings suggestive of the diagnosis. In one case was noted the concomitant presence of a neurinoma of the VIII cranial nerve with a ipsilateral glomus tumor, and in another case there was a concomitancy of carotid body tumor with temporal glomus jugularis tumor. Metastases were not observed in any case. Tumoral lesions were successfully ressected employing microsurgical techniques and a multidisciplinary staff involving neurosurgeons, head and neck surgeons and otolaryngologists. Radioteraphy was not employed, neither pre-operative embolization. Some aspects related to the nosology, embriology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this interesting type of neoplasms are discussed.

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