RESUMO
Field infestation and spatial distribution of introduced Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and native species of Anastrepha in common guavas [Psidium guajava (L.)] were investigated in the eastern Amazon. Fruit sampling was carried out in the municipalities of Calçoene and Oiapoque in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The frequency distribution of larvae in fruit was fitted to the negative binomial distribution. Anastrepha striata was more abundant in both sampled areas in comparison to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and B. carambolae The frequency distribution analysis of adults revealed an aggregated pattern for B. carambolae as well as for A. fraterculus and Anastrepha striata Schiner, described by the negative binomial distribution. Although the populations of Anastrepha spp. may have suffered some impact due to the presence of B. carambolae, the results are still not robust enough to indicate effective reduction in the abundance of Anastrepha spp. caused by B. carambolae in a general sense. The high degree of aggregation observed for both species suggests interspecific co-occurrence with the simultaneous presence of both species in the analysed fruit. Moreover, a significant fraction of uninfested guavas also indicated absence of competitive displacement.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Cadeia Alimentar , Controle de Insetos , Psidium , Tephritidae/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Psidium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Tephritidae/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The meal of Jatropha curcas (JCM) seed is a by-product of the biofuel industry and may potentially to be used as animal feed. However, its toxicity has prevented its utilization in animal nutrition mainly due to its high concentration of phorbol esters. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of JCM on the growth performance, feed digestibility and internal organs development of broilers. Thirty two 48-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens housed in 16 pens (2 birds/pen) were used in this study. Birds were randomly allocated to dietary treatments comprising four JCM levels (negative control, 25, 50, or 100 g JCM/kg of diet) for four weeks. Results showed that increasing levels of JCM had a negative impact on broiler performance, reducing live weight, weight gain, and feed intake. Treatments led to a decrease of the relative weight of testis and spleen, and to an increase in heart relative weight. In broilers fed diets containing JCM, the testis were atrophic, presenting reduced size of the seminiferous tubule, which were small and lined within active sertoli cells and rare spermatogonia. This study illustrates the negative impact of diets containing JCM on broiler performance and JCM pathological effects on several organs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Jatropha/análise , Jatropha/provisão & distribuição , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/lesõesRESUMO
The meal of Jatropha curcas (JCM) seed is a by-product of the biofuel industry and may potentially to be used as animal feed. However, its toxicity has prevented its utilization in animal nutrition mainly due to its high concentration of phorbol esters. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of JCM on the growth performance, feed digestibility and internal organs development of broilers. Thirty two 48-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens housed in 16 pens (2 birds/pen) were used in this study. Birds were randomly allocated to dietary treatments comprising four JCM levels (negative control, 25, 50, or 100 g JCM/kg of diet) for four weeks. Results showed that increasing levels of JCM had a negative impact on broiler performance, reducing live weight, weight gain, and feed intake. Treatments led to a decrease of the relative weight of testis and spleen, and to an increase in heart relative weight. In broilers fed diets containing JCM, the testis were atrophic, presenting reduced size of the seminiferous tubule, which were small and lined within active sertoli cells and rare spermatogonia. This study illustrates the negative impact of diets containing JCM on broiler performance and JCM pathological effects on several organs.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/lesões , Jatropha/análise , Jatropha/provisão & distribuiçãoRESUMO
High saturated and trans fatty acid intake, the typical dietary pattern of Western populations, favors a proinflammatory status that contributes to generating insulin resistance (IR). We examined whether the consumption of these fatty acids was associated with IR and inflammatory markers. In this cross-sectional study, 127 non-diabetic individuals were allocated to a group without IR and 56 to another with IR, defined as homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) >2.71. Diet was assessed using 24-h food recalls. Multiple linear regression was employed to test independent associations with HOMA-IR. The IR group presented worse anthropometric, biochemical and inflammatory profiles. Energy intake was correlated with abdominal circumference and inversely with adiponectin concentrations (r = -0.227, P = 0.002), while saturated fat intake correlated with inflammatory markers and trans fat with HOMA-IR (r = 0.160, P = 0.030). Abdominal circumference was associated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.430, P < 0.001). In multiple analysis, HOMA-IR remained associated with trans fat intake (β = 1.416, P = 0.039) and body mass index (β = 0.390, P < 0.001), and was also inversely associated with adiponectin (β = -1.637, P = 0.004). Inclusion of other nutrients (saturated fat and added sugar) or other inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP) into the models did not modify these associations. Our study supports that trans fat intake impairs insulin sensitivity. The hypothesis that its effect could depend on transcription factors, resulting in expression of proinflammatory genes, was not corroborated. We speculate that trans fat interferes predominantly with insulin signaling via intracellular kinases, which alter insulin receptor substrates.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Inflamação/sangue , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos trans/efeitos adversos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Homeostase , /sangue , Ácidos Graxos trans/administração & dosagemRESUMO
High saturated and trans fatty acid intake, the typical dietary pattern of Western populations, favors a proinflammatory status that contributes to generating insulin resistance (IR). We examined whether the consumption of these fatty acids was associated with IR and inflammatory markers. In this cross-sectional study, 127 non-diabetic individuals were allocated to a group without IR and 56 to another with IR, defined as homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) >2.71. Diet was assessed using 24-h food recalls. Multiple linear regression was employed to test independent associations with HOMA-IR. The IR group presented worse anthropometric, biochemical and inflammatory profiles. Energy intake was correlated with abdominal circumference and inversely with adiponectin concentrations (r = -0.227, P = 0.002), while saturated fat intake correlated with inflammatory markers and trans fat with HOMA-IR (r = 0.160, P = 0.030). Abdominal circumference was associated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.430, P < 0.001). In multiple analysis, HOMA-IR remained associated with trans fat intake (ß = 1.416, P = 0.039) and body mass index (ß = 0.390, P < 0.001), and was also inversely associated with adiponectin (ß = -1.637, P = 0.004). Inclusion of other nutrients (saturated fat and added sugar) or other inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP) into the models did not modify these associations. Our study supports that trans fat intake impairs insulin sensitivity. The hypothesis that its effect could depend on transcription factors, resulting in expression of proinflammatory genes, was not corroborated. We speculate that trans fat interferes predominantly with insulin signaling via intracellular kinases, which alter insulin receptor substrates.
Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Inflamação/sangue , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos trans/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Homeostase , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácidos Graxos trans/administração & dosagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of asymptomatic cholelithiasis in a premature young infant, presenting literature review. METHODS: The authors describe a case of asymptomatic cholelithiasis, incidentally diagnosed during a routine ultrasonographic exam, with spontaneous resolution. Literature review has been done from Medline and Lilacs, with quotations from articles of the last 45 years. RESULTS: Premature patient 28 weeks old with a cholelithiasis diagnosis at 5 months, presenting the following risk factors: prematurity, total parenteral nutrition, prolonged use of Furosemide and sepsis. The patient remained asymptomatic until the spontaneous resolution occurred. CONCLUSION: Cholelithiasis in childhood has been reported in the literature as a rare condition, usually associated with Hemolytic disease. The widespread use of ultrasonography has contributed to an increase in the diagnosis of neonates and young infants in this condition. This case report highlights the idea of possible spontaneous resolution in cases of asymptomatic cholelithiasis incidentally diagnosed.
RESUMO
Com o objetivo de determinar o estado nutricional das crianças de 0 a 6 anos do Jardim Uniäo da Vitória, Zona Sul de Londrina, analisou-se uma amostra de 241 crianças entre 0 a 6 anos de idade atendidas na Unidade Básica de Saúde Orlando Cestari, localizada no Jardim Uniäo da Vitória. Os dados antropométricos (peso e altura) e outros obtidos através de um questionário contendo informaçöes sobre o nível de escolaridade, renda familiar, realizaçäo de pré-natal pelas mäes, uso de drogas e tabaco na gravidez, baixo peso ao nascer, ocorrência de hospitalizaçäo por infecçäo nos últimos 12 meses, foram analisados estatisticamente pelo Teste do Qui- quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultos obtidos demonstraram que 33 por cento das crianças apresentam desnutriçäo. Os fatores associados na determinaçäo da desnutriçäo da populaçäo estudada foram o baixo peso ao nascer em menores de 12 meses e maior número de hospitalizaçöes por infecçäo
Assuntos
Estado Nutricional , CriançaRESUMO
No Brasil, 32,9 por cento do total acumulado de casos de AIDS, até 30 de junho de 1995, estavam situados na faixa etária compreendida entre 20-30 anos. Provavelmente, a contaminaçäo ocorreu durante a adolescência, em funçäo do longo período de latência da doença. Objetivos. - Identificar conhecimentos e comportamentos referentes às DST/AIDS e avaliar o interesse dos adolescentes em receber informaçäo adicional. Metodologia. - Os dados foram obtidos a partir de um questionßrio desenvolvido especialmente para este estudo. O questionário foi composto por perguntas abertas sobre conhecimentos e comportamentos diante às DST/AIDS e foi aplicado em entrevistas individuais pela equipe de trabalho do Ambulatório Avançado do Morro do Pau-da-Bandeira (bairro de Vila Isabel, RJ-RJ), durante o horário de atendimento. Resultados. - Foram entrevistados 142 adolescentes do gênero feminino (84 por cento) e 27 do masculino (16 por cento). Dentre os 169 adolescentes entrevistados, 157 (92,9 por cento) já tinham ouvido falar sobre DST, portanto, as mais citadas foram: AIDS (95,5 por cento), gonorréia (51,6 por cento) e sífilis (35,7 por cento). A maioria dos adolescentes (78,7 por cento) reconheceu, pelo menos, uma forma de transmissäo de DST, e foram citadas principalmente: via sexual (97,7 por cento), via sangüínea (17,3 por cento) e uso de drogas (12,8 por cento). Dentre os 52,1 por cento de adolescentes sexualmente ativos, 50 por cento faziam alguma coisa para prevenir as DSTs e 39,8 por cento usavam o preservativo. Do total de entrevistados, 98,8 por cento já tinham ouvido falar sobre AIDS, e a doença foi mais freqüentemente associada a näo ser curável. Quanto às formas de sua transmissäo, 90,5 por cento dos adolescentes sabiam como a doença é transmitida, e as formas mais citadas foram via sexual (94,1 por cento), sangue (70,6 por cento) e seringas contaminadas (41,2 por cento). Dentre os adolescentes entrevistados, 51,1 por cento faziam algo para näo pegar a doença e 36,4 por cento afirmaram usar preservativos. Conclusöes. - As principais fontes de informaçäo para os adolescentes é a escola (54,1 por cento) e o Ambulatório Avançado (51,6 por cento). O nível de conhecimento demonstrado foi elevado, uma vez que 92,2 por cento tinham ouvido falar sobre DST, 98,8 por cento sobre AIDS, 90,5 por cento responderam que sabiam como a AIDS é transmitidas e 78,8 por cento como as DSTs säo transmitidas...
Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Intervalos de Confiança , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
A Unidade Clinica de Adolescentes da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, atraves do Projeto Modelo de Atencao Integral a Saude do Adolescente (Projeto MAISA II), apoiado pela Fundacao W.K.Kellogg, vem desenvolvendo uma experiencia de integracao das unidades de servico de saude nas comunidades proximas ao Campus Universitario. Para tal, vem se articulando com escolas do1o. e 2o. Graus, empresas, com o Camp vila Isabel, do Programa de Patrulheirismo; com algumas instituicoes de saude e organizacoes comunitarias. Este artigo traz os primeiros resultados deste projeto, demonstrando a importancia de se garantir a populacao adolescente, formas resolutivas e desburocratizadas na atencao a sua saude .