RESUMO
From 2015 to 2021 the prevalence of parasites was evaluated in fecal samples of dogs from the municipality of Niterói, RJ. The samples were examined at the Laboratory of Diagnostic Support in Parasitic Diseases (LADDP) of the Veterinary School at the Federal Fluminense University (UFF), using centrifugal flotation, sedimentation and mini-FLOTAC techniques. Of the 1,037 samples examined, 30.6% (318/1,037) showed positive results for some parasitic infections, of which 80.5% (256/318) were positive for only one species of parasite and 19.5% (62/318) for multiple infections. Parasitism by Ancylostoma caninum was the most prevalent, with 39% (124/318), followed by Giardia sp., 16% (51/318); Toxocara canis, 14.5% (46/318); Trichuris vulpis, 8.5% (27/318); Cystoisospora canis, 8.5% (27/318); Dipylidium caninum, 7.9% (25/318); and Cryptosporidium sp., 5.6% (18/318). The parasitological diagnosis of dogs in urban areas is the best choice to evaluate the efficacy of control measures adopted for parasitic infections, including those with zoonotic importance.
Durante o período de 2015 a 2021, foi avaliada a prevalência de endoparasitos em amostras fecais de cães provenientes do município de Niterói, RJ. As amostras foram analisadas no Laboratório de Apoio Diagnóstico em Doenças Parasitárias (LADDP) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), sendo usadas as técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação, sedimentação simples e mini-FLOTAC. Das 1.037 amostras analisadas, 30,6% (318/1.037) apresentaram resultados positivos para alguma infecção parasitária, sendo dessas 80,5% (256/318) positivas para apenas uma espécie de parasito e 19,5% (62/318) para infecções múltiplas. O parasitismo por Ancylostoma caninum foi o mais prevalente, com 39% (124/318), seguido por Giardia sp., 16% (51/318), Toxocara canis, 14,5% (46/318), Trichuris vulpis, 8,5% (27/318), Cystoisospora canis, 8,5% (27/318), Dipylidium caninum, 7,9% (25/318) e Cryptosporidium sp., 5,6% (18/318). O diagnóstico parasitológico de cães em áreas urbanas é a melhor alternativa para a avaliação da eficácia dos programas de controle de infecções parasitárias, incluindo aquelas com importância zoonotica.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , BrasilRESUMO
O Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (PNSC), localizado no estado de Minas Gerais, é um importante habitat de inúmeras espécies de animais ameaçados de extinção, como o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Parasitos de animais selvagens podem representar um problema para os programas de manejo e recuperação de espécies ameaçadas, pois atuam como causa primária ou agravante de inúmeras doenças. Dependendo da época do ano, a suscetibilidade ao parasitismo pode ser maior devido à facilidade de infecção. Com o objetivo de avaliar a frequência de endoparasitos e a sazonalidade dessas parasitoses em diferentes épocas do ano, foram examinadas 103 amostras fecais de lobos-guarás, coletadas no PNSC, durante o período de março de 2017 a agosto de 2019. O número de amostras positivas para pelo menos uma espécie de parasito foi de 47 amostras (45,63%), sendo o outono a estação em que foi encontrada a maior frequência de formas parasitárias, com 60,86% (14/23) de amostras positivas, seguido do inverno, com 52,38% (11/21), verão com 37,5% (15/40), e primavera com 36,84% (7/19). Dentre os parasitos encontrados, Capillaria sp. apresentou a maior frequência, sendo encontrado em 23 amostras (22,33%), seguido de trematódeos, em 15 amostras (14,56%), acantocéfalos, ascarídeos, Trichuris sp. e Ancylostoma sp., em cinco amostras (4,85%), nematoides da superfamília Strongyloidea, Lynxacarus sp., em duas amostras (1,94%), e pentastomídeos em uma amostra (0,97%).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Canidae/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Brasil , Animais Selvagens/parasitologiaRESUMO
The major rDNA genes are composed of tandem repeats and are part of the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). They are highly conserved and therefore useful in understanding the evolutionary patterns of chromosomal locations. The evolutionary dynamics of the karyotype may affect the organization of rDNA genes within chromosomes. In this study, we physically mapped 18S rDNA genes in 13 Neotropical ant species from four subfamilies using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, a survey of published rDNA cytogenetic data for 50 additional species was performed, which allowed us to detect the evolutionary patterns of these genes in ant chromosomes. Species from the Neotropical, Palearctic, and Australian regions, comprising a total of 63 species from 19 genera within six subfamilies, were analysed. Most of the species (48 out of 63) had rDNA genes restricted to a single chromosome pair in their intrachromosomal regions. The position of rDNA genes within the chromosomes appears to hinder their dispersal throughout the genome, as translocations and ectopic recombination are uncommon in intrachromosomal regions because they can generate meiotic abnormalities. Therefore, rDNA genes restricted to a single chromosome pair seem to be a plesiomorphic feature in ants, while multiple rDNA sites, observed in distinct subfamilies, may have independent origins in different genera.
Assuntos
Formigas/genética , Cromossomos de Insetos , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Evolução Molecular , Genoma , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Seiscentos primatas neotropicais foram submetidos a exames post mortem para avaliação da prevalência parasitária de helmintos gastrointestinais. Foram examinados 556 calitriquídeos (Callithrix spp.), 23 bugios (Alouatta guariba), 19 macacos-pregos (Sapajus nigritus), um mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia) e um mico-leão-da-cara-dourada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Do total de 600 animais, foram encontrados espécimes parasitos pertencentes aos filos Acanthocephala, Nemathelmintes e Platyhelminthes (classes Trematoda e Cestoda) em 110 primatas. A prevalência de primatas positivos para, pelo menos, uma espécie de helminto foi de 18,3% (110/600), sendo destes 83,6% (92/110) calitriquídeos, 8,2% (9/110) bugios, 6,4% (7/110) macacos-pregos, 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-dourado e 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-da-cara dourada. Em 80,4% (74/92) dos calitriquídeos foram encontrados nematoides Primasubulura sp. e em 1,1% (1/92) nematoides Trypanoxyuris callithrix, em 26,1% (24/92) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 5,4% (5/92) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.); em 77,8% (7/9) dos bugios foram encontrados nematoides (Trypanoxyuris minutus), em 11,1% (1/9) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 11,1% (1/9) cestoides (Bertiella sp.); em 14,3% (1/7) dos macacos-pregos foram encontrados nematoides (Physaloptera sp.), em 28,6% (2/7) acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.) e em 14,3% (1/7) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.) e no mico-leão-da-cara-dourada foram encontrados acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.). Foi realizado o georreferenciamento dos pontos de encontro dos cadáveres para pontuar a distribuição dos helmintos por região.(AU)
Six hundred neotropical primates underwent postmortem examinations to evaluate the parasitic prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths. Fifty-five callitrichids tamarins (Callithrix spp.), 23 howlers (Alouatta guariba), 19 nail monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), a golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) and a golden-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) were examined. Parasitic specimens belonging to phylums Acantocephala, Nemathelmintes and Platyhelmintes (Trematoda and Cestoda Classes) were found. The prevalence of primates positive for at least one species of helminth was 18.3% (110/600), of which 83.6% (92/110) callitrichids, 8.2% (9/110) howler monkeys, 6.4% (7/110) capuchin monkeys, 0.9% (1/110) golden lion tamarin and 0.9% (1/110) golden faced lion tamarin. In 80.4% (74/92) of callitrichids nematodes (Primasubulura sp.) were found, and in 1.1% (1/92) nematodes (Trypanoxyuris callithricis), in 26.1% (24/92) acanthocephalus (Pachysentis sp.) and 5.4% (5/92) digenetics (Platynosomum sp.); in 77.8% (7/9) of howler monkeys presented nematodes (Trypanoxyuris minutus), 11.1% (1/9) acanthocephalus (Pachysentis sp.) and 11.1% (1/9) cestoids (Bertiella sp.); in 14.3% (1/7) of capuchin monkeys presented nematodes (Physaloptera sp.), 28.6% (2/7) acanthocephalus (Prostenorchis sp.) and 14.3% (1/7) digenetics (Platynosomum sp.) and in the golden-faced lion tamarin acanthocephalus (Prostenorchis sp.) were found. Georreferencing of the meeting points of the cadavers was performed in order to punctuate the distribution of helminths by region.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Primatas/parasitologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Mapeamento Geográfico , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Platelmintos , Brasil , Acantocéfalos , NematoidesRESUMO
No presente estudo teve-se como objetivo avaliar o consumo de peixe no município de Palmas-TO, de acordo com o perfil socioeconômico, a frequência, as principais espécies consumidas, os locais de consumo e as formas de aquisição dos mesmos. Foram entrevistadas 515 pessoas, com o apoio de um questionário estruturado. Verificou-se que a maior frequência do consumo de peixe foi de uma ou duas vezes por semana e que 3,30% dos entrevistados fazem essa ingestão diariamente. Os tipos de peixes preferidos foram os redondos (caranha (Piaractus spp.), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e seus híbridos), sendo os peixes frescos a forma de maior preferência de aquisição (84,47%). Os mercados e as feiras livres foram os principais locais de aquisição do peixe (37,86%), onde a maioria (29,32%) dos entrevistados paga até R$ 15,00 por quilo do peixe. O principal local de consumo de peixe pelos entrevistados foi em suas próprias residências (72,23%). O motivo mais citado que leva a ingestão de peixe foi o sabor ou o hábito (40,19%), enquanto os principais motivos que impedem a ingestão de peixe foram o preço (23,68%) e a presença de espinhas (6,79%), respectivamente. Diante da perspectiva de aumento da produção e consumo de peixes no contexto regional e nacional, além das recomendações advindas da FAO/ONU é imprescindível a realização de trabalhos de intervenção social com o intuito de promover iniciativas para o aumento do consumo de peixes pela população como, por exemplo, palestras ou campanhas educativas que informem o relevante valor nutricional que a carne de pescado apresenta, bem como seus efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption of fish in the municipality of Palmas-TO, according to the socioeconomic profile, the frequency and the main consumed species, the places of consumption and ways of purchasing them. 515 people were interviewed, with the support of a structured questionnaire. It was found that a higher frequency of fish consumption was for once or twice a week and that only 3.30% of those interviewed showed daily consumption. The favored species of fish is the round ones (caranha (Piaractus spp.), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and its hybrids) with fresh ones being the most favored form of acquisition (84.47%). Markets and free markets of the main fish acquisition sites with 37.86%, where the majority (29.32%) of the interviewed paid up to R$ 15 per kilo of fish. The main place of consumption of the interviewees in their own residences (72.23%). The motivation for fish consumption was the taste or habit with 40.19%, while the main reasons to avoid the consumption of fish is the price (23.68%) and the presence of pimples (6.79%), respectively. Before the prospect of increasing production and consumption of fish in the regional and national context, in addition to the recommendations from FAO/UNO, it is essential to carry out social intervention work with the purpose of promote initiatives to increase the consumption of fish by the population as, for example, from lectures or educational campaigns to inform the relevant nutritional value of fish meat and its beneficial effects on human health.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Peixes , Comportamento Alimentar , BrasilRESUMO
No presente estudo teve-se como objetivo avaliar o consumo de peixe no município de Palmas-TO, de acordo com o perfil socioeconômico, a frequência, as principais espécies consumidas, os locais de consumo e as formas de aquisição dos mesmos. Foram entrevistadas 515 pessoas, com o apoio de um questionário estruturado. Verificou-se que a maior frequência do consumo de peixe foi de uma ou duas vezes por semana e que 3,30% dos entrevistados fazem essa ingestão diariamente. Os tipos de peixes preferidos foram os redondos (caranha (Piaractus spp.), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e seus híbridos), sendo os peixes frescos a forma de maior preferência de aquisição (84,47%). Os mercados e as feiras livres foram os principais locais de aquisição do peixe (37,86%), onde a maioria (29,32%) dos entrevistados paga até R$ 15,00 por quilo do peixe. O principal local de consumo de peixe pelos entrevistados foi em suas próprias residências (72,23%). O motivo mais citado que leva a ingestão de peixe foi o sabor ou o hábito (40,19%), enquanto os principais motivos que impedem a ingestão de peixe foram o preço (23,68%) e a presença de espinhas (6,79%), respectivamente. Diante da perspectiva de aumento da produção e consumo de peixes no contexto regional e nacional, além das recomendações advindas da FAO/ONU é imprescindível a realização de trabalhos de intervenção social com o intuito de promover iniciativas para o aumento do consumo de peixes pela população como, por exemplo, palestras ou campanhas educativas que informem o relevante valor nutricional que a carne de pescado apresenta, bem como seus efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption of fish in the municipality of Palmas-TO, according to the socioeconomic profile, the frequency and the main consumed species, the places of consumption and ways of purchasing them. 515 people were interviewed, with the support of a structured questionnaire. It was found that a higher frequency of fish consumption was for once or twice a week and that only 3.30% of those interviewed showed daily consumption. The favored species of fish is the round ones (caranha (Piaractus spp.), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and its hybrids) with fresh ones being the most favored form of acquisition (84.47%). Markets and free markets of the main fish acquisition sites with 37.86%, where the majority (29.32%) of the interviewed paid up to R$ 15 per kilo of fish. The main place of consumption of the interviewees in their own residences (72.23%). The motivation for fish consumption was the taste or habit with 40.19%, while the main reasons to avoid the consumption of fish is the price (23.68%) and the presence of pimples (6.79%), respectively. Before the prospect of increasing production and consumption of fish in the regional and national context, in addition to the recommendations from FAO/UNO, it is essential to carry out social intervention work with the purpose of promote initiatives to increase the consumption of fish by the population as, for example, from lectures or educational campaigns to inform the relevant nutritional value of fish meat and its beneficial effects on human health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Ingestão de Alimentos , Peixes , BrasilRESUMO
Memory comprises acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of information. Many substances can influence these different phases. It is well demonstrated that sex hormones, mainly estrogen, impact cognitive function. More recently, progesterone has also been documented as playing an important role in cognition, since it influences brain regions involved in memory. Currently, many women are under hormone treatment, which contain progesterone to decrease the risk of development of endometrial cancer. This affords the opportunity to study the real effects of this hormonal replacement on cognition. There are many contradictory results regarding the role of progesterone in memory. Therefore, the aim of this review was to synthesize these studies using the new perspective of the influence of hormone replacement on cognition in women.
Assuntos
Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Progesterona/farmacologia , Progestinas/farmacologia , Animais , Humanos , Memória/fisiologia , Progesterona/efeitos adversos , Progestinas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Skin naturally changes with age, becoming more fragile. Various stimuli can alter skin integrity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep deprivation affects the integrity of DNA in skin and exacerbates the effects of aging. Fifteen-month old female Hairless mice underwent 72 h of paradoxical sleep deprivation or 15 days of chronic sleep restriction. Punch biopsies of the skin were taken to evaluate DNA damage by single cell gel (comet) assay. Neither paradoxical sleep deprivation nor sleep restriction increased genetic damage, measured by tail movement and tail intensity values. Taken together, the findings are consistent with the notion that aging overrides the effect of sleep loss on the genetic damage in elderly mice.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA/fisiologia , Envelhecimento da Pele/fisiologia , Privação do Sono/complicações , Animais , Biópsia , Ensaio Cometa , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos PeladosRESUMO
This study evaluated the infrapopulations of parasites in red piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) from theCuiabá river, Mato Grosso, Brazil. One hundred sixty-four specimens of red piranha were captured and examined in the period from October to December, 2007 in Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The parasitism was reviewed by data of prevalence, localization, mean intensity of infection, and abundancefor each group of parasite found. In the examined fishes, nematodes (Eustrongylides spp., Contracaecum spp,. and Procamallanus spp.) and pentastomids were found. Among the examined fishes, 141 (86%) presented parasitism by at least one species of parasite; from those, 23 (14%) by nematodes identified as Eustrongylides spp., 106 (64.6%) by Contracaecum spp., 55 (33.5%) by Procamallanus spp., and 90 (54.9%) by pentastomids. About the localization of the parasites, from the 23 fishes positive to the infection by Eustrongylides spp., 19 (82.6%) presented larvae in the muscle, two (8.7%) in the celomatic cavity, and two (8.7%) in the air bladder. From the 106 fishes positive to the infection by larvae of Contracacecum spp., 105 (99%) presented the celomatic cavity as the locus of parasitism, and one (0.9%) presented the parasitism in the air bladder. All the fishes positives to the infection by Procamallanus spp., presented the intestine as parasitism site. From the 90 fishes parasited by pentastomids, 41 (45.6%) presented the parasitism in the muscle, 17 (18.9%) in the celomatic cavity, and 32 (35.6%) in the air bladder. The mean intensities of infection by larvae of Contracaecum spp. and Eustrongylides spp., Procamallanus spp., and pentastomids were 1.04; 3.93; 2.27; and 3.72 parasites per fish, respectively, and the abundance values were 0.14; 2.54; 0.76; and 2.04 parasites per fish, respectively.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Peixes/parasitologia , Ecossistema , Fauna Aquática/análise , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
This study evaluated the infrapopulations of parasites in red piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) from theCuiabá river, Mato Grosso, Brazil. One hundred sixty-four specimens of red piranha were captured and examined in the period from October to December, 2007 in Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The parasitism was reviewed by data of prevalence, localization, mean intensity of infection, and abundancefor each group of parasite found. In the examined fishes, nematodes (Eustrongylides spp., Contracaecum spp,. and Procamallanus spp.) and pentastomids were found. Among the examined fishes, 141 (86 percent) presented parasitism by at least one species of parasite; from those, 23 (14 percent) by nematodes identified as Eustrongylides spp., 106 (64.6 percent) by Contracaecum spp., 55 (33.5 percent) by Procamallanus spp., and 90 (54.9 percent) by pentastomids. About the localization of the parasites, from the 23 fishes positive to the infection by Eustrongylides spp., 19 (82.6 percent) presented larvae in the muscle, two (8.7 percent)in the celomatic cavity, and two (8.7 percent) in the air bladder. From the 106 fishes positive to the infection by larvae of Contracacecum spp., 105 (99 percent) presented the celomatic cavity as the locus of parasitism, and one (0.9 percent) presented the parasitism in the air bladder. All the fishes positives to the infection by Procamallanus spp., presented the intestine as parasitism site. From the 90 fishes parasited by pentastomids, 41 (45.6 percent) presented the parasitism in the muscle, 17 (18.9 percent) in the celomatic cavity, and 32 (35.6 percent) in the air bladder. The mean intensities of infection by larvae of Contracaecum spp. and Eustrongylides spp., Procamallanus spp., and pentastomids were 1.04; 3.93; 2.27; and 3.72 parasites per fish, respectively, and the abundance values were 0.14; 2.54; 0.76; and 2.04 parasites per fish, respectively.