RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the consumption of Minas Frescal cheese (2 g for 15 d) produced with pasteurized milk or milk subjected to ohmic heating on the health variables (biochemical, hematological, and uric acid levels) of rats, as well as on the identity variables and proteolysis indices of cheese. Three groups of rats (n = 6 per group) were studied, as follows: control group, without cheese consumption (CON), rats fed Minas Frescal cheese produced with milk pasteurized by conventional technology (PC, 72 to 75°C for 15 s), and rats fed Minas Frescal cheese produced with milk subjected to ohmic heating (OHC, 8 V/cm, 72 to 75°C for 15 s). Ohmic heating did not alter the macronutrient levels (moisture, fat, protein) of the cheeses, but an increase in the proteolysis index was observed. For both cheeses, no significant differences were observed for feed intake (139 to 143 g/d), water consumption (196 to 206 mL/d), or final animal weight (236 to 252 g), and no changes were detected in hematological variables (counts of red blood cells, hemoglobin, leukocytes, and platelets) or levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and bilirubin (total, direct, and indirect) of rats. In addition, both cheeses led to a reduction of serum triglycerides and an increase in monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil levels. However, consumption of OHC resulted in decreased sodium, uric acid, and lymphocyte levels. The present results suggest that ohmic heating in the processing of Minas Frescal cheese has positive effects on the health of healthy rats.
Assuntos
Queijo , Manipulação de Alimentos , Calefação , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Animais , Nível de Saúde , Masculino , Leite/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. commonly known as "copaíba", produce a commercially valuable oil-resin that is extensively used in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiseptic purposes. We have found the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant leaf has the potential to treat urolithiasis, a problem affecting ~7% of the population. To isolate the functional compounds C. langsdorffii leaves were dried, ground, and macerated in a hydroalcoholic solution 7:3 to produce a 16.8% crude extract after solvent elimination. Urolithiasis was induced by introduction of a calcium oxalate pellet (CaOx) into the bladders of adult male Wistar rats. The treated groups received the crude extract by oral gavage at 20 mg/kg body weight daily for 18 days. Extract treatment started 30 days after CaOx seed implantation. To monitor renal function sodium, potassium and creatinine concentrations were analyzed in urine and plasma, and were found to be in the normal range. Analyses of pH, magnesium, phosphate, calcium, uric acid, oxalate and citrate levels were evaluated to determine whether the C. langsdorffii extract may function as a stone formation prevention agent. The HPLC analysis of the extract identified flavonoids quercitrin and afzelin as the major components. Animals treated with C. langsdorffii have increased levels of magnesium and decreased levels of uric acid in urinary excretions. Treated animals have a significant decrease in the mean number of calculi and a reduction in calculi mass. Calculi taken from extract treated animals were more brittle and fragile than calculi from untreated animals. Moreover, breaking calculi from untreated animals required twice the amount of pressure as calculi from treated animals (6.90 ± 3.45 vs. 3.00 ± 1.51). The extract is rich in flavonoid heterosides and other phenolic compounds. Therefore, we hypothesize this class of compounds might contribute significantly to the observed activity.
Assuntos
Fabaceae , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Urolitíase/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Oxalato de Cálcio , Masculino , Folhas de Planta , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) is a plant that has been shown to interfere in the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. In the present study we evaluated the effect of Pn on the preformed calculus induced by introduction of a CaOx seed into the bladder of male Wistar rats. Pn treatment (5 mg/ rat/day) was initiated immediately or 30 days after CaOx seeding and thus in the presence of a preformed calculus. Animals were sacrificed 50 or 70 days after surgery. The resulting calculi were weighed and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, stereomicroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. Precocious Pn treatment reduced the number (75%, P < 0.05) and the weight (65%, P < 0.05) of calculi that frequently exhibited a matrix-like material on its surface, compared to the untreated CaOx group. In contrast, Pn treatment in the presence of a preformed calculus did not prevent further calculus growth; rather, it caused an impressive modification in its appearance and texture. Calculi from Pn-treated animals had a smoother, homogeneous surface compared to the spicule shape of calculi found in the untreated CaOx group. XRD analysis revealed the precipitation of struvite crystals over the CaOx seed and Pn did not change the crystalline composition of the calculi. This suggests that Pn interfered with the arrangement of the precipitating crystals, probably by modifying the crystal-crystal and/or crystal-matrix interactions. Results suggest that Pn may have a therapeutic potential, since it was able to modify the shape and texture of calculi to a smoother and probably more fragile form, which could contribute to elimination and/or dissolution of calculi.