RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Observations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults with hemochromatosis are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined associations of serum ferritin (SF) with anti-HCV in non-Hispanic white North American adults in a post-screening examination. Cases included p.C282Y homozygotes (regardless of screening transferrin saturation (TS) and SF) and participants (regardless of HFE genotype) with high screening TS/SF. Controls included participants without p.C282Y or p.H63D who had normal screening TS/SF. Participants with elevated alanine aminotransferase underwent anti-HCV testing. We determined prevalence of chronic HCV infection in consecutive Alabama and Ontario referred adults with HFE p.C282Y homozygosity. RESULTS: In post-screening participants, anti-HCV prevalence was 0.3% [95% CI: 0.02, 2.2] in 294 p.C282Y homozygotes, 9.5% [7.2, 12.3] in 560 Cases without p.C282Y homozygosity, and 0.7% [0.2, 2.3] in 403 Controls. Anti-HCV was detected in 7.2% of 745 participants with and 0.8% of 512 participants without elevated SF (odds ratio 9.9 [3.6, 27.6]; p<0.0001). Chronic HCV infection prevalence in 961 referred patients was 1.0% (10/961) [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 2.0]. Ten patients with chronic HCV infection had median age 45y (range 29-67) and median SF 1163µg/L (range 303-2001). Five of eight (62.5%) patients had biopsy-proven cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS: Odds ratio of anti-HCV was increased in post-screening participants with elevated SF. Prevalence of anti-HCV in post-screening participants with HFE p.C282Y homozygosity and chronic HCV infection in referred adults with HFE p.C282Y homozygosity in North America is similar to that of Control participants with HFE wt/wt and normal screening TS/SF.
Assuntos
Proteína da Hemocromatose/genética , Hemocromatose/genética , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Mutação , Adulto , Idoso , Alabama/epidemiologia , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Hemocromatose/sangue , Hemocromatose/diagnóstico , Hemocromatose/epidemiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: 373 black participants had elevated screening and post-screening serum ferritin (SF) (> 300 µg/L men; > 200 µg/L women). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied SF and post-screening age; sex; body mass index; transferrin saturation (TS); ALT; AST; GGT; elevated C-reactive protein; ß-thalassemia; neutrophils; lymphocytes; monocytes; platelets; metacarpophalangeal joint hypertrophy; hepatomegaly; splenomegaly; diabetes; HFE H63D positivity; iron/alcohol intakes; and blood/erythrocyte transfusion units. Liver disease was defined as elevated ALT or AST. We computed correlations of SF and TS with: age; body mass index; ALT; AST; GGT; C-reactive protein; blood cell counts; and iron/alcohol. We compared participants with SF > 1,000 and ≤ 1,000 µg/L and performed regressions on SF. RESULTS: There were 237 men (63.5%). Mean age was 55 ± 13 (SD) y. 143 participants had liver disease (62 hepatitis B or C). There were significant correlations of SF: TS, ALT, AST, GGT, and monocytes (positive); and SF and TS with platelets (negative). 22 participants with SF > 1,000 µg/L had significantly higher median TS, ALT, and AST, and prevalences of anemia and transfusion > 10 units; and lower median platelets. Regression on SF revealed significant associations: TS; male sex; age; GGT; transfusion units (positive); and splenomegaly (negative) (p < 0.0001, 0.0016, 0.0281, 0.0025, 0.0001, and 0.0096, respectively). Five men with SF > 1,000 µg/L and elevated TS had presumed primary iron overload (hemochromatosis). Four participants had transfusion iron overload. CONCLUSION: Persistent hyperferritinemia in 373 black adults was associated with male sex, age, TS, GGT, and transfusion. 2.4% had primary iron overload (hemochromatosis) or transfusion iron overload.
Assuntos
Ferritinas/sangue , Hemocromatose/sangue , Sobrecarga de Ferro/sangue , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/genética , Idoso , Alabama/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Comorbidade , Feminino , Hemocromatose/etnologia , Hemocromatose/genética , Hemocromatose/terapia , Humanos , Sobrecarga de Ferro/etnologia , Sobrecarga de Ferro/genética , Sobrecarga de Ferro/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Transferrina/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Regulação para Cima , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
The effect of a commercial organic acid (OA) product on BW loss (BWL) during feed withdrawal and transportation, carcass yield, and meat quality was evaluated in broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted in Brazil. Commercial houses were paired as control groups receiving regular water and treated groups receiving OA in the water. Treated birds had a reduction in BWL of 37 g in experiment 1 and 32.2 g in experiment 2. In experiment 2, no differences were observed in carcass yield between groups. Estimation of the cost benefit suggested a 1:16 ratio by using the OA. In experiment 3, conducted in Mexico, significant differences on water consumption, BWL, and meat quality characteristics were observed in chickens that were treated with the OA (P < 0.05). These data suggest this OA product may improve animal welfare and economic concerns in the poultry industry by reducing BWL and improving meat quality attributes.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas/fisiologia , Privação de Alimentos/fisiologia , Carne/análise , Probióticos/metabolismo , Ácidos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Brasil , Dieta/veterinária , México , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
An African American male of West Indies descent was diagnosed to have elevated transferrin saturation, hyperferritinemia, severe iron deposition in hepatocytes, and hepatic cirrhosis at age 4. He was treated with serial phlebotomy to maintain a normal serum ferritin concentration thereafter. We evaluated him at age 23 and confirmed that he had normal serum ferritin levels, severe iron deposition in hepatocytes, hepatic cirrhosis, and portal hypertension. He did not have endocrinopathy, cardiomyopathy, or arthropathy. He was homozygous for the novel hemojuvelin (HJV) premature stop-codon mutation R54X (exon 3; c.160A-->T). He did not have either HFE C282Y, H63D, or S65C, or deleterious coding region mutations of SLC40A1, TFR2, or HAMP. His erythrocyte measures and hemoglobin electrophoresis were consistent with alpha-thalassemia trait. We conclude that homozygosity for HJV R54X accounts for his severe, early age-of-onset hemochromatosis; his phenotype was probably modified by serial phlebotomy therapy.
Assuntos
Hemocromatose/genética , Sobrecarga de Ferro/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/genética , Idade de Início , Ferritinas/sangue , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Proteína da Hemocromatose , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal , Cirrose Hepática , Masculino , Fenótipo , Flebotomia , Índias Ocidentais/etnologiaRESUMO
Functional analyses were performed on neutrophils isolated from 6 patients from two institutions who displayed features of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). These neutrophils demonstrated a consistent deficiency (44 +/- 8% of control values) in superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). O2- production in response to chemotactic peptides was near normal (82.3 +/- 10.7% of control values). Bacterial killing was normal in the two patients studied, and chemotaxis was diminished in response to zymosan-activated plasma and to high concentrations of chemotactic peptides in the patients studied. Cytosolic C kinase activity was decreased in one of the two patients studied. These results suggest that a deficient O2- release in response to PMA is a hallmark of neutrophils in CNL and may provide a diagnostic indicator of this condition.
Assuntos
Leucemia Neutrofílica Crônica/sangue , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Explosão Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/farmacologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Opsonizantes , Superóxidos/sangue , Zimosan/farmacologiaRESUMO
Recombinant adenoviruses were constructed that contained either the HBsAg coding sequence or the HIV envelope protein coding sequence. The recombinant adenoviruses can replicate normally in cultured human cells. Cells infected with the adenovirus-HBV recombinant secreted HBsAg into the tissue culture medium. This HBsAg had immunological and physical properties similar to those of the 22-nm particles found in human serum. Expression of HIV envelope protein in cells infected with the adenovirus-HIV recombinant was demonstrated using cytoimmunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. A hamster model was developed to evaluate the immunogenic properties of adenovirus-HBV recombinants. Hamsters inoculated intranasally with live adenovirus-HBV recombinant produced antibody against both adenovirus and hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
Assuntos
Vetores Genéticos , HIV/genética , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/genética , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Adenoviridae/fisiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , HIV/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/biossíntese , Vacinas Virais/isolamento & purificação , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Twelve premature infants with significant apnea of prematurity while receiving therapeutic doses of aminophylline were given an intravenous infusion of doxapram, 2 or 2.5 mg/kg/hr. The ventilatory effects of the medication were monitored by means of face mask spirometry and airway occlusion studies. Doxapram therapy was associated with significant increases in minute ventilation, tidal volume, mean inspiratory flow, and airway pressure 100 msec after occlusion. Respiratory frequency and the relative duration of inspiration and expiration were unchanged. Paco2 decreased significantly during the infusion. The apnea attack rate, monitored by continuous recording, was significantly reduced after the first 6 hours of therapy. Six hours after starting doxapram, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly elevated, and continued to increase during the 24 hours of therapy. Doxapram is effective in treatment of apnea of prematurity refractory to aminophylline, and appears to act by increasing respiratory center output.