RESUMO
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the minimum effective volume (MEV) of 0.5% bupivacaine for infraclavicular brachial plexus block. METHODS: We assigned patients to volume groups consisting of five consecutive patients. Local anesthetic was sequentially reduced from a starting dose of 30 mL by 2 mL to form the volume groups. Five patients were included in each volume group, and at least 3 of 5 injections had to be successful to consider the volume of the anesthetic as sufficient. The study ended when the anesthetic volume of a group was determined to be unsuccessful (two or fewer successful blocks). Block was successful if the patient reported a sensorial block score of 7 or more on an 8-point scale and sensorial and motor block's total score of 14 on a 16-point scale. RESULTS: The MEV of 0.5% bupivacaine for infraclavicular brachial plexus block was 14 mL. A successful block was achieved in all patients (n = 45) in 9 volume groups, which received 30 mL down to 14 mL. Three blocks were unsuccessful in the 12-mL group. Time to onset of block and time to first postoperative anesthetic administration was 15 (10-15) min and more than 24 h in the 30-mL bupivacaine group, but 40 (30-45) min and 14 (10-24) h were determined for the 14-mL group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The MEV of 0.5% bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block was 14 mL. However, this low-dose block has a long onset time of 40 (30-45) min on average.
Assuntos
Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial , Anestésicos Locais , Bupivacaína , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this prospective, randomized, controlled observer-blinded study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of a single-operator technique called the Jedi Grip and a conventional technique requiring a double operator in ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blocking. METHODS: Ninety-two patients (ASA I-II; aged 18-65 years old) who underwent elective hand, wrist and forearm surgery were randomly assigned to Group Conventional (C) or Group Jedi (J). In both groups, axillary plexus blockade was performed by applying 5 cc of a mixture of 10 cc of 0.5% bupivacaine and 10 cc of 2% prilocaine to the ulnar, radial, median, and musculocutaneous nerves. Parameters such as the performance time and number of needle passes were recorded during the procedure. Subsequently, a blinded observer evaluated and recorded parameters related to the blockade success. The main outcome variables were the performance time and success rate (surgical anesthesia). RESULTS: The block performance time of the Jedi technique was slightly longer than that of the conventional technique (220 (50), 202 (78) s, respectively) (median (IQR); p = 0.05). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of blocking success; 9 (20%) from the conventional group and 3 (6.4%) from the Jedi group were unsuccessful (p = 0.053). No differences were found in terms of arterial puncture, and no other complications occurred in either group. The motor-sensory block onset and termination times and initial analgesia requirements were similar. CONCLUSION: The Jedi technique may be applied safely with similar block success and performance results as the conventional technique.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Força da Mão , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nervos Periféricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Post-thoracotomy pain is a severe and intense pain caused by trauma to ribs, muscles and peripheral nerves. The current study aimed to compare subpleural analgesia (SPA) with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in patients undergoing thoracotomy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized study at Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, in Turkey. METHODS: Thirty patients presenting American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III were scheduled for elective diagnostic thoracotomy. The patients were randomized to receive either patient-controlled SPA or patient-controlled TEA for post-thoracotomy pain control over a 24-hour period. The two groups received a mixture of 3 µg/ml fentanyl along with 0.05% bupivacaine solution through a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Rescue analgesia was administered intravenously, consisting of 100 mg tramadol in both groups. A visual analogue scale was used to assess pain at rest and during coughing over the course of 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: In the SPA group, all the patients required rescue analgesia, and five patients (33%) required rescue analgesia in the TEA group (P < 0.05). Patients who received subpleural analgesia exhibited higher visual analogue scores at rest and on coughing than patients who received thoracic epidural analgesia. None of the patients had any side-effects postoperatively, such as hypotension or respiratory depression. CONCLUSION: Thoracic epidural analgesia is superior to subpleural analgesia for relieving post-thoracotomy pain. We suggest that studies on effective drug dosages for providing subpleural analgesia are necessary.
RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Dor pós-toracotomia é severa e intensa, causada por trauma de nervos periféricos, músculos e costelas. O objetivo foi comparar analgesia subpleural (SPA) com analgesia epidural torácica (TEA) em pacientes submetidos à toracotomia. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo randomizado no Hospital Educação e Pesquisa de Numune, em Ancara, Turquia. MÉTODOS: Trinta pacientes com o estado físico I-III da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas foram agendados para toracotomia diagnóstica eletiva e escolhidos aleatoriamente para receber, num período de 24 horas, SPA ou TEA, ambas controladas pelo próprio paciente, para controle da dor pós-toracotomia. Os dois grupos receberam mistura de 3 ug/ml de fentanil com solução de 0,05% de bupivacaína por meio de bomba de analgesia controlada pelo paciente. Foi administrada analgesia de resgate por via intravenosa, com 100 mg de tramadol, nos dois grupos. No pós-operatório, a escala visual analógica foi utilizada para medir presença de dor durante a tosse ou em repouso, ao longo de 24 horas. RESULTADOS: No grupo SPA, todos os pacientes necessitaram de analgesia de resgate. Cinco pacientes (33%) necessitaram de analgesia de resgate no grupo TEA (P < 0,05). Os pacientes com SPA exibiram pontuações superiores na escala visual analógica, em repouso e ao tossir, em comparação aos que receberam TEA. Nenhum dos pacientes teve quaisquer efeitos secundários no pós-operatório, como hipotensão ou depressão respiratória. CONCLUSÃO: A analgesia peridural torácica é superior à analgesia subpleural no alívio da dor pós-toracotomia. Consideramos que estudos sobre a dosagem de drogas eficazes para proporcionar analgesia subpleural são necessários.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Toracotomia/efeitos adversos , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente/métodos , Analgesia Interpleural/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Medição da Dor , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tosse/complicações , Combinação de Medicamentos , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Post-thoracotomy pain is a severe and intense pain caused by trauma to ribs, muscles and peripheral nerves. The current study aimed to compare subpleural analgesia (SPA) with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in patients undergoing thoracotomy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized study at Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, in Turkey. METHODS: Thirty patients presenting American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III were scheduled for elective diagnostic thoracotomy. The patients were randomized to receive either patient-controlled SPA or patient-controlled TEA for post-thoracotomy pain control over a 24-hour period. The two groups received a mixture of 3 µg/ml fentanyl along with 0.05% bupivacaine solution through a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Rescue analgesia was administered intravenously, consisting of 100 mg tramadol in both groups. A visual analogue scale was used to assess pain at rest and during coughing over the course of 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: In the SPA group, all the patients required rescue analgesia, and five patients (33%) required rescue analgesia in the TEA group (P < 0.05). Patients who received subpleural analgesia exhibited higher visual analogue scores at rest and on coughing than patients who received thoracic epidural analgesia. None of the patients had any side-effects postoperatively, such as hypotension or respiratory depression. CONCLUSION: Thoracic epidural analgesia is superior to subpleural analgesia for relieving post-thoracotomy pain. We suggest that studies on effective drug dosages for providing subpleural analgesia are necessary.
Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente/métodos , Analgesia Interpleural/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Toracotomia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Tosse/complicações , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Comparar os efeitos de dexmedetomidina e fentanil sobre as alterações hemodinâmicas em fumantes crônicos do sexo masculino. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo prospectivo, randômico e cego. Sessenta pacientes do sexo masculino, tabagistas crônicos, com idades entre 16 e 60 anos foram selecionados. Os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo D (n = 30) recebeu 1 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina e Grupo F (n = 30) recebeu 3 µg.kg-1 de fentanil em 150 mL de solução salina normal, com início 10 minutos antes da indução da anestesia. Antes da intubação, a frequência cardíaca e a pressão arterial dos pacientes foram medidas. Após a indução da anestesia para intubação endotraqueal, a frequência cardíaca e os valores da pressão arterial foram novamente medidos 1, 3 e 5 minutos após a intubação. RESULTADOS: A frequência cardíaca estava baixa no Grupo D antes da indução da anestesia, intubação e no primeiro e terceiro minutos pósintubação. A pressão arterial sistólica estava baixa no Grupo F antes da intubação. Embora a pressão arterial diastólica estivesse menor antes da indução da anestesia e aos 5 minutos após a intubação em ambos os grupos, ela já estava baixa no Grupo F antes mesmo da intubação. Enquanto a pressão arterial média estava baixa no Grupo D antes da indução anestésica, ela estava baixa no Grupo F antes da intubação. Os valores para o duplo produto (frequência cardíaca vezes pressão arterial sistólica) estavam baixos no Grupo D antes da indução e no 1º e 3º minutos após a intubação. CONCLUSÕES: A dexmedetomidina, aplicada em fumantes crônicos do sexo masculino via infusão a uma dose de 1 µg.kg-1 10 minutos antes de indução anestésica, controla melhor as elevações da frequência cardíaca e do duplo produto a 1 e 3 minutos após a intubação, comparado ao grupo que recebeu 3 µg.kg-1 de fentanil.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on hemodynamic changes in chronic male smokers. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded study. Were selected 60 chronic male smokers (aged 16 to 60 years). The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group D (n = 30) received 1 µg.kg-1 dexmedetomidine and Group F (n = 30) received 3 µg.kg-1 fentanyl in 150 mL of normal saline, beginning 10 minutes before anesthesia induction. Before intubation, the heart rate and blood pressure of patients were measured. After anesthesia induction for endotracheal intubation, heart rate and blood pressure values were measured at 1, 3, and 5 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: Heart rate was low in Group D before anesthesia induction, intubation, and at the 1st and 3rd minutes after intubation. Systolic arterial pressure was low in Group F before intubation. Although diastolic arterial pressure was lower before anesthesia induction and at 5 minutes after intubation in both groups, it was already low in Group F before intubation. Whereas the mean arterial pressure was low in Group D before anesthesia induction, it was low in Group F before intubation. The values for rate-pressure product were low in Group D before induction and at 1 and 3 minutes after intubation. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine, which was applied via infusion at a loading dose of 1 µg.kg-1 10 minutes before anesthesia induction in chronic male smokers, better suppressed increases in heart rate and rate-pressure product at 1 and 3 minutes after intubation compared to the group receiving 3 µg.kg-1 fentanyl.
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Comparar los efectos de la dexmedetomidina y del fentanil sobre las alteraciones hemodinámicas en fumadores crónicos del sexo masculino. MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio prospectivo, randómico y ciego. Sesenta pacientes del sexo masculino, fumadores crónicos, con edades entre los 16 y los 60 años, fueron seleccionados. Los pacientes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: Grupo D (n = 30) recibió 1 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina o 3 µg.kg-1 de fentanil, y el Grupo F (n = 30) que recibió 150 mL de solución salina normal, con inicio 10 minutos antes de la inducción de la anestesia. Antes de la intubación, se mensuraron la frecuencia cardíaca y la presión arterial de los pacientes. Después de la inducción de la anestesia para la intubación endotraqueal, la frecuencia cardíaca y los valores de la presión arterial fueron medidos uno, tres y cinco minutos después de la intubación. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia cardíaca estaba baja en el Grupo D antes de la inducción de la anestesia, de la intubación y en el primero y tercer minutos posintubación. La presión arterial sistólica estaba baja en el Grupo F antes de la intubación. Aunque la presión arterial diastólica fuese menor antes de la inducción de la anestesia y a los cinco minutos después de la intubación en ambos grupos, ella ya estaba baja en el Grupo F antes incluso de la intubación. Mientras la presión arterial promedio estaba baja en el Grupo D antes de la inducción anestésica, estaba baja también en el Grupo F antes de la intubación. Los valores para el doble producto (frecuencia cardíaca por la presión arterial sistólica), eran bajos en el Grupo D antes de la inducción y en el 1º y 3º minutos después de la intubación. CONCLUSIONES: Descubrimos pues, que la dexmedetomidina, que fue aplicada en fumadores crónicos del sexo masculino vía infusión a una dosis de 1 µg.kg-1 10 minutos antes de la inducción anestésica, controla mejor las elevaciones de la frecuencia cardíaca y del doble producto a uno y tres minutos después de la intubación, comparado al grupo que recibió 3 µg.kg-1 de fentanil.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Fentanila/farmacologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Intubação Intratraqueal , Fumar , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on hemodynamic changes in chronic male smokers. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded study. Were selected 60 chronic male smokers (aged 16 to 60 years). The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group D (n=30) received 1µg.kg(-1) dexmedetomidine and Group F (n=30) received 3µg.kg(-1) fentanyl in 150mL of normal saline, beginning 10 minutes before anesthesia induction. Before intubation, the heart rate and blood pressure of patients were measured. After anesthesia induction for endotracheal intubation, heart rate and blood pressure values were measured at 1, 3, and 5 minutes after intubation. RESULTS: Heart rate was low in Group D before anesthesia induction, intubation, and at the 1st and 3rd minutes after intubation. Systolic arterial pressure was low in Group F before intubation. Although diastolic arterial pressure was lower before anesthesia induction and at 5 minutes after intubation in both groups, it was already low in Group F before intubation. Whereas the mean arterial pressure was low in Group D before anesthesia induction, it was low in Group F before intubation. The values for rate-pressure product were low in Group D before induction and at 1 and 3 minutes after intubation. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine, which was applied via infusion at a loading dose of 1µg.kg(-1) 10 minutes before anesthesia induction in chronic male smokers, better suppressed increases in heart rate and rate-pressure product at 1 and 3 minutes after intubation compared to the group receiving 3µg.kg(-1) fentanyl.