RESUMO
A total of 85 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from October 1999 to April 2000 in a tertiary care hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The imipenem susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, and the clonal relationship among 67 isolates was examined by macrorestriction profile analysis following pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Imipenem resistance was observed in 52 (61.2%) isolates. Imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were separated into 10 genotypes, 73% of which belonged to genotype A. Identification of a single P. aeruginosa clone with a high rate of imipenem resistance emphasizes the need to control the transmission of this organism among patients.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Imipenem , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Brasil/epidemiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Variação Genética/genética , Genótipo , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Hospitais Militares , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Pseudomonas/transmissão , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Mapeamento por Restrição , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Studies on the genetic diversity of oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CNS) isolates are important for the control and prevention of infections. The present study evaluated the clonal diversity of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (ORSH) strains, isolated from patients in nine Brazilian medical centres by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of bacterial DNA using SmaI. PFGE analysis of ORSE (N=44) and ORSH (N=25) strains showed the presence of 29 restriction profiles clustered in 16 PFGE types, and 21 distinct profiles in 15 PFGE types, respectively, indicating a large genetic diversity among isolates of both of these species. Among the ORSE isolates, 23 (52%) strains belonged to two predominant PFGE types (named A and B), which were observed in most of the hospitals assessed, indicating the spread of these PFGE types in hospitals located in Rio de Janeiro. The spread of PFGE types of ORSH was also detected in some of the hospitals investigated. The results show that PFGE is a suitable tool for epidemiological studies of oxacillin-resistant CNS, and can be used as a basis for infection control procedures for these multiresistant organisms.