RESUMO
RESUMO Considerando os diferentes usos etnofarmacológicos apresentados pela planta Luehea divaricata, realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar as atividades antinociceptiva e antinflamatória do extrato etanólico de suas folhas, em modelo animal, nas dosagens de 20, 40, 80 e 160 mg/Kg, por via oral. Foram realizados os seguintes testes: contorções abdominais induzidas pelo acido acético, placa quente, formalina e edema de pata induzido por carragenina. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss (20-25 g) para os três primeiros testes e ratos Wistar (180-250 g), para o último, divididos em seis grupos de oito animais, totalizando 48 animais em cada parâmetro de avaliação. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pela análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade, para verificar quais os tratamentos que diferiram entre si, e estes foram submetidos aos testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Student-Newman-Keuls. O extrato etanólico das folhas de L. divaricata (EEtOH-Ld), nas diferentes doses estudadas, apresentou significativa atividade antinociceptiva sobre a dor induzida quimicamente por injeções intraperitoneal de acido acético e intraplantar de formalina. Na dosagem de 160 mg/Kg, esse extrato apresentou ação analgésica central, aos 120 minutos de observação, no teste de placa quente e reduziu o edema de pata induzido pela administração de carragenina, uma hora após a administração do agente inflamatório, semelhante ao efeito produzido pelo fármaco padrão.
ABSTRACT Considering the different ethnopharmacological uses submitted by the plant Luehea divaricata, this study took place in order to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of the leaves in an animal model, the dosages of 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg by oral intake. The following tests were performed: writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate, formalin, and paw edema induced by carrageenan. Swiss mice (20-25 g) were used for the first three tests and Wistar rats (180-250 g) for the last, divided into six groups, each of eight animals, totaling 48 animals for each assessment parameter. The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance at 5% probability to verify which treatments differ, and these were tested by Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls. The ethanol extract of L. divaricataleaves (EEtOH-Ld) at the different studied doses showed significant antinociceptive activity on chemically induced pain by intraperitoneal injections of acetic acid and intraplantar formalin. At a dosage of 160 mg/kg, this extract showed a central analgesic action after 120 minutes of observation in the hot plate test and reduced action in the paw edema induced by carrageenan one hour after the administration of the inflammatory agent, similar to the effect produced by the standard drug.
Assuntos
Camundongos , Malvaceae/classificação , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Dor/patologia , Plantas Medicinais/classificaçãoRESUMO
RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da própolis sobre os perfis leucocitário e protéico de camundongos e sobre o tempo de fechamento de lesões de pele confeccionadas experimentalmente, limpas e infectadas com Staphylococcus aureus. No primeiro, foram utilizados 48 animais divididos em quatro grupos, sendo um tratado com solução hidroalcóolica pura e três tratados com própolis a 10%, nas dosagens de 20 mg, 40 mg e 80 mg por animal de 25 gramas de peso, em única aplicação intraperitoneal. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue no segundo, 10º, 18º e 26º dias após o tratamento para realização de leucograma, proteinograma e fracionamento eletroforético das proteínas. Na avaliação da atividade cicatrizante, também foram utilizados 48 camundongos divididos em seis grupos, nos quais realizou-se a confecção cirúrgica de feridas na dimensão de 1cm2, após anestesia dissociativa. Dois grupos serviram como controle para feridas limpas e infectadas. Dois grupos de feridas infectadas por S. aureuse dois grupos de feridas limpas foram tratados com própolis a 5% e 10%, sendo a escolha destas concentrações baseada em um estudo piloto realizado. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com própolis influencia o leucograma e o proteinograma, de forma dose-dependente, sendo que a maior dose utilizada desencadeou leucocitose com linfocitose e aumento de proteínas da fração gamaglobulínica, no 10º dia após o início do tratamento. Também mostraram que a concentração da solução influenciou o tempo de cicatrização das feridas infectadas, ocorrendo em menor tempo no grupo tratado com a solução a 5%.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the propolis effects on both the leukocyte and protein profiles of mice and on the closing time of skin lesions made experimentally, clean and infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The first 48 animals were divided into four groups, one treated with pure alcohol solution and three treated with propolis 10% at dosages of 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg per 25 g of animal weight in an intraperitoneal single application . Blood samples in the second, and then 10º, 18º and 26º days after treatment were collected in order to perform WBC, proteins and electrophoretic fractionation of proteins. Regarding the healing activity, also 48 mice divided into six groups were used, in whom surgical wounds in the size of 1cm2 were purposely inflicted , after the dissociative anesthesia were applied . Two groups served as control ones, for clean and infected wounds. Two groups of S. aureus with infected wounds and two groups with clean sores were treated with 5% and 10 % propolis, being this concentration choice based on a pilot study previously performed. The results showed that treatment with propolis influences leukocyte and protein concentrations in a dose- dependent manner, with the highest dose triggering leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and increasing the protein fraction of gamaglobulínica, on the 10th day after the start of treatment. It also indicated that the concentration of the solution influence the time of healing of infected wounds, since the process on the group treated with 5% solution happened faster.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Própole/efeitos adversos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Cicatrização , Camundongos/classificação , Leucocitose/classificaçãoRESUMO
Genetic polymorphism studies of cytokines may provide an insight into the understanding of acute kidney injury (AKI) and death in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of -308 G < A tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, -174 G > C interleukin (IL)-6 and -1082 G > A IL-10 may predispose ICU patients to the development of AKI and/or death. In a prospective nested case-control study, 303 ICU patients and 244 healthy individuals were evaluated. The study group included ICU patients who developed AKI (n = 139) and 164 ICU patients without AKI. The GG genotype of TNF-α (low producer phenotype) was significantly lower in the with AKI than without AKI groups and healthy individuals (55 versus 62 versus 73%, respectively; P = 0·01). When genotypes were stratified into four categories of TNF-α/IL-10 combinations, it was observed that low TNF-α plus low IL-10 producer phenotypes were more prevalent in patients with AKI, renal replacement therapy and death (P < 0·05). In logistic regression analysis, low TNF-α producer plus low IL-10 producer phenotypes remained as independent risk factors for AKI and/or death [odds ratio (OR) = 2·37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1·16-4·84; P = 0·02] and for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and/or death (OR = 3·82, 95% CI: 1·19-12·23; P = 0·02). In this study, the combination of low TNF-α plus low IL-10 producer phenotypes was an independent risk factor to AKI and/or death and RRT and/or death in critically ill patients. Our results should be validated in a larger prospective study with long-term follow-up to emphasize the combination of these genotypes as potential risk factors to AKI in critically ill patients.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/imunologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/genética , Injúria Renal Aguda/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, still imposes a considerable public health burden on large parts of the world. The control of this disease depends almost exclusively on the drug praziquantel, and there are no alternative drugs in sight. Natural compounds have recently attracted significant attention due to their relevance to parasitic infection and potential development into new therapeutic agents. Epiisopiloturine is an imidazole alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Pilocarpus microphyllus (Rutaceae), a native plant from Brazil. Here, we report the in vitro effect of this drug on the survival time of Schistosoma mansoni of different ages, such as 3 h old and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days old schistosomula, 49-day-old adults, and on egg output by adult worms. Epiisopiloturine at a concentration of 300 µg/mL caused the death of all schistosomula within 120 h. Extensive tegumental alterations and death were observed when adult schistosomes had been exposed to 150 µg/mL of the epiisopiloturine. At the highest sub-lethal dose of alkaloid (100 µg/mL), a 100% reduction in egg laying of paired adult worms was observed. Additionally, epiisopiloturine showed selective antischistosomal activity and exhibited no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. This report provides the first evidence that epiisopiloturine is able to kill S. mansoni of different ages and inhibit worm egg laying.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , 4-Butirolactona/química , 4-Butirolactona/isolamento & purificação , 4-Butirolactona/farmacologia , 4-Butirolactona/toxicidade , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/isolamento & purificação , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Camundongos , Pilocarpus/química , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Schistosoma mansoni/fisiologia , Células VeroRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o manejo sanitário e descrever as características da ovinocaprinocultura na microrregião homogênea (MRH) de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram investigadas 45 propriedades capriovinícolas, distribuídas em 14 municípios. O número médio de animais foi de 129 e 121 nos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. Os animais utilizados na formação dos rebanhos base tiveram como origem os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Ceará. Animais SPRD (45,8%) e da raça Santa Inês (35,4%) são os mais encontrados entre os ovinos e na espécie caprina animais SPRD (55,3%) e animais da raça Anglo-Nubiana (28,6%). O estudo demostrou que 42,2% propriedades pesquisadas exploravam bovinos e caprinos e/ou ovinos. O sistema de criação extensivo foi adotado em 71,1% dos criatórios. As práticas sanitárias adotadas com maior frequência foram descarte de agulhas após o uso, isolamento de animais doentes e corte e desinfecção do umbigo. A desverminação foi a prática utilizada no controle de verminoses por 100,0% dos produtores. A vacinação foi adotada em 48,8% dos rebanhos. As alterações clínicas mais citadas foram linfadenite caseosa (64,4%), pododermatite (62,2%) e diarreia (60,0%). Portanto, a ovinocaprinocultura na MRH de Teresina é praticada, em sua grande maioria, de forma extensiva e que, apesar de contar com instalações razoáveis, ainda apresenta deficiências quanto à utilização de práticas de manejo sanitário, o que acaba impossibilitando a prevenção e o controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosas e parasitárias.
The objective of this study was to characterize the health practices and describe the characteristics of sheep and goat farming in the homogeneous microregion (HMR) in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Forty-five goat and sheep farms were investigated, distributed in 14 cities. The average number of animals per herd was 129 and 121, for the goats and sheep, respectively. The animals used to form the herds originated in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará. Animals with undefined breed (45.8%) and Santa Ines breed (35.4%) were the most frequent among the sheep, while for the goats it was undefined breed (55.3%) and Nubian goats (28.6%). The study showed that 42.2% of the 45 farms surveyed raised cattle as well as goats and/or sheep. The extensive rearing system was adopted on 71.1% of the farms. The health practices adopted most often by farmers were the disposing of needles and syringes after use, isolation of sick animals, and cutting and disinfecting the navel. Deworming was a practice used to control worms by 100.0% of producers. Vaccination was a practice adopted in 48.8% of the herds. The clinical changes most often mentioned were caseous lymphadenitis (64.4%), foot rot (62.2%) and diarrhea (60.0%). In conclusion, sheep and goat farming in the Teresina HMR is practiced extensively with reasonably proper installations, but still shows deficiencies in the use of health practices, which impair the prevention and control of diseases, particularly infectious and parasitic diseases.
Assuntos
Animais , Vigilância Sanitária , Ruminantes , Ovinos , Controle de Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
The prevalence of anti-lentiviruses antibodies of small ruminants was investigated in goat herds in the city of Teresina, PI, Brazil. A seroepidemiological survey was conducted involving 480 animals, apparently healthy, belonging to six rural properties. The diagnostic test was the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), using antigens produced from cellular cultures infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV Cork). Prevalences by gender and age were estimated considering sampling fractions for each farm. A general prevalence of 4.2 percent, was observerved, being 4.2 percent for females and 3.6 percent for males. Prevalences were higher among older goats. Regarding the breed standard, 23.5 percent were of the Anglo Nubian, 5.9 percent of the Boer, 35.3 percent Anglo Nubian x Boer crossbred, and 35.3 percent of undefined breed. It is concluded that small ruminant lentiviruses are endemic among goat herds of Teresina.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Lentivirus , Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina , Infecções por Lentivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/imunologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Infecções por Lentivirus/veterinária , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The prevalence of anti-lentiviruses antibodies of small ruminants was investigated in goat herds in the city of Teresina, PI, Brazil. A seroepidemiological survey was conducted involving 480 animals, apparently healthy, belonging to six rural properties. The diagnostic test was the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), using antigens produced from cellular cultures infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV Cork). Prevalences by gender and age were estimated considering sampling fractions for each farm. A general prevalence of 4.2 percent, was observerved, being 4.2 percent for females and 3.6 percent for males. Prevalences were higher among older goats. Regarding the breed standard, 23.5 percent were of the Anglo Nubian, 5.9 percent of the Boer, 35.3 percent Anglo Nubian x Boer crossbred, and 35.3 percent of undefined breed. It is concluded that small ruminant lentiviruses are endemic among goat herds of Teresina.
Assuntos
Animais , Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina , Infecções por Lentivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/imunologia , Infecções por Lentivirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Lentivirus/transmissão , Infecções por Lentivirus/veterinária , Lentivirus , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Among hypertensive patients, cardiovascular disease morbidity is common, even in those who are adequately treated. New pharmacological strategies to mitigate the burden of arterial hypertension are needed. This 12-month, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of statin (fluvastatin) treatment on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), exercise blood pressure (EBP), myocardial structure, endothelial function and insulin resistance in 50 hypertensive patients. At baseline, the groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics, ABP, EBP, endothelial function and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). At the end of the study, there was no difference between groups in terms of resting systolic blood pressure. However, maximum systolic EBP was lower in the treatment group than in the placebo group (175 ± 18 vs 192 ± 23 mm Hg, P<0.05), as was left ventricular mass index (LVMI; 82 ± 15 vs 100 ± 23, P<0.05), and HOMA-IR index was lower after fluvastatin treatment (2.77 ± 1.46 vs 3.33 ± 1.73, P<0.05). Changes in lipid profile were not correlated with blood pressure, endothelial function, LVMI or HOMA-IR data. In hypertensive patients, fluvastatin can improve maximum systolic EBP, myocardial remodelling and insulin resistance, independently of lipid profile variations and endothelial function.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Miocárdio/patologia , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Fluvastatina , Humanos , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Hipertensão/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the health practices and describe the characteristics of sheep and goat farming in the homogeneous microregion (HMR) in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Forty-five goat and sheep farms were investigated, distributed in 14 cities. The average number of animals per herd was 129 and 121, for the goats and sheep, respectively. The animals used to form the herds originated in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará. Animals with undefined breed (45.8%) and Santa Ines breed (35.4%) were the most frequent among the sheep, while for the goats it was undefined breed (55.3%) and Nubian goats (28.6%). The study showed that 42.2% of the 45 farms surveyed raised cattle as well as goats and/or sheep. The extensive rearing system was adopted on 71.1% of the farms. The health practices adopted most often by farmers were the disposing of needles and syringes after use, isolation of sick animals, and cutting and disinfecting the navel. Deworming was a practice used to control worms by 100.0% of producers. Vaccination was a practice adopted in 48.8% of the herds. The clinical changes most often mentioned were caseous lymphadenitis (64.4%), foot rot (62.2%) and diarrhea (60.0%). In conclusion, sheep and goat farming in the Teresina HMR is practiced extensively with reasonably proper installations, but still shows deficiencies in the use of health practices, which impair the prevention and control of diseases, particularly infectious and parasitic diseases.
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o manejo sanitário e descrever as características da ovinocaprinocultura na microrregião homogênea (MRH) de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foram investigadas 45 propriedades capriovinícolas, distribuídas em 14 municípios. O número médio de animais foi de 129 e 121 nos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos, respectivamente. Os animais utilizados na formação dos rebanhos base tiveram como origem os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco e Ceará. Animais SPRD (45,8%) e da raça Santa Inês (35,4%) são os mais encontrados entre os ovinos e na espécie caprina animais SPRD (55,3%) e animais da raça Anglo-Nubiana (28,6%). O estudo demostrou que 42,2% propriedades pesquisadas exploravam bovinos e caprinos e/ou ovinos. O sistema de criação extensivo foi adotado em 71,1% dos criatórios. As práticas sanitárias adotadas com maior frequência foram descarte de agulhas após o uso, isolamento de animais doentes e corte e desinfecção do umbigo. A desverminação foi a prática utilizada no controle de verminoses por 100,0% dos produtores. A vacinação foi adotada em 48,8% dos rebanhos. As alterações clínicas mais citadas foram linfadenite caseosa (64,4%), pododermatite (62,2%) e diarreia (60,0%). Portanto, a ovinocaprinocultura na MRH de Teresina é praticada, em sua grande maioria, de forma extensiva e que, apesar de contar com instalações razoáveis, ainda apresenta deficiências quanto à utilização de práticas de manejo sanitário, o que acaba impossibilitando a prevenção e o controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosas e parasitárias.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate whether slow graft function (SGF) after transplantation of deceased-donor kidneys affected the prevalence of anemia or the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We retrospectively evaluated the records of 534 kidney transplant patients who were classified based on their initial renal function, namely, immediate graft function (IGF), slow graft function (SGF), or delayed graft function (DGF). Among the 534 kidney transplant patients studied, the occurrences of each condition were IGF 104, SGF 133, and DGF 297. Six months after transplantation, a greater percentage of DGF patients were anemic compared with the others (P = .028). However, at 12 months after transplantation, SGF patients showed more anemia than the IGF group. DGF and SGF patients displayed similar GFR values at 18 and 24 months after transplantation. However, IGF patients displayed higher GFRs, even when subjects who experienced acute rejection episodes were censored (P = .004). The incidence of acute rejection episodes was similar among SGF and DGF patients. Patients displaying SGF after deceased-donor transplantation showed a greater tendency to be anemic than those displaying IGF. This study also suggested that SGF patients were at risk for acute rejection episodes and/or significantly reduced kidney function as measured by GFR.