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The growing demand for authentic products that provide sensory characteristics combined with health benefits has been the focus of current studies. This study developed a Red Ale style craft beer with spices such as turmeric (T), black pepper (P) and aroma hops (H), used isolated or in mixtures. A mixture design was employed to evaluate the total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity in the green and aged beers formulations. The spice extracts influenced the product's shelf-life. The addition of spices into the beers did not affect the physicochemical parameters that classify the Red Ale style, according to the hierarchical cluster analysis, except for aroma hops. A multiresponse optimization approach simultaneously maximized the antioxidant activity and the phenolic compounds in beers. The ideal formulation obtained for green beers was 25% T and 37.5% P and H; for aged beers, the formulation was 50% T, 20% P and 30% H.

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Abstract Commercial roasted and ground coffees are usually blends of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Considering the differences in price and sensory characteristics between these two species, the identification of the presence of each species in commercial blends is of great interest. The aim of this study was to describe typical profiles of caffeine and diterpenes (kahweol and cafestol) contents and the ratios among these compounds to support the characterization of Coffea species in roasted coffees. 32 good cup quality Brazilian C. arabica coffees (from coffee quality contests) produced using different postharvest treatments were studied. All analysis were performed by HPLC. Higher ranges were observed in diterpene contents - kahweol varied from 1.75 to 10.68 g/kg (coefficient of variation of 510%) and cafestol from 1.76 to 9.66 g/kg (449%) - than caffeine, that varied from 5.1 to 16.2 g/kg (coefficient of variation of 218%). Wide ranges of the kahweol/cafestol ratio (0.63 to 2.77) and the caffeine/kahweol ratio (0.84 to 5.15) were also observed. Hence it was proposed the additional use of a new parameter, the ratio of caffeine/sum of diterpenes (kahweol + cafestol) that presents values from 0.54 to 2.39. The results indicated that the combined use of these parameters could be a potential tool for discriminating Coffea species in blends of roasted and ground coffee. It was proposed as potentially indicative of C. arabica: values of kahweol/cafestol ratio above 0.50, associated with caffeine/kahweol ratio lower than 5.50 and caffeine/sum of diterpenes ratio lower than 2.50.

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This research aimed to correlate the composition of green Arabica coffee beans with the sensory quality coffee brews. The chemical composition of green Arabica coffee bean (66 samples) from three coffee quality contests was analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Coffee brews with lower quality scores were correlated with high levels of caffeine, protein, chlorogenic acids and total titratable acidity (TTA) in the green coffee beans. High sucrose/TTA and cafestol/kahweol ratios in the green coffee beans were usually associated with higher scores for the coffee brews. By multivariate analysis techniques, the samples were separated into groups according to production years indicating a strong influence of the environmental conditions on the chemical composition. The profile of the composition of the crude coffee can be indicative of the sensory quality of the coffee brews, relevant information for producers and industry since the green beans are the material used for trading and purchasing coffee.

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The impact of fat reduction and the addition of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the volatile compounds profile of Prato cheese was evaluated for 210 days of storage at 12 °C. Full fatPrato cheese, Prato cheese with fat reduction and reduced fatPrato cheese with 0.5% (w/v) WPC were made, and replicated on a different day. Cheese volatile compounds were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and separated, identified and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Fat reduction and the WPC addition resulted in lower concentrations of compounds derived from lipolysis and free fatty acid catabolism. Fat reduction generated higher levels of diacetyl and acetoin, both from the citrate metabolism, at days 5 and 30. A similar pattern was observed for sulfur compounds derived from the catabolism of free amino acids, at day 120. Higher levels of diacetyl (day15), dimethyl disulfide (days 150-180) and dimethyl trisulphide (days 150-210) were found for cheese with WPC. These differences might have occurred due to alterations in the structure and polarity of the protein matrix caused by fat reduction and the WPC addition.

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Between 15 and 20% of Brazilian coffee production corresponds to defective beans (PVA), which decreases the quality of the coffee brew. Steam treatment has been reported as an alternative to improve the volatile profile and cup quality of coffee. The aim of this study was to propose a steam treatment of defective Coffea canephora beans to improve the volatile profile of the roasted coffee. The sensory impacts of adding steamed coffee (SC) in Coffea arabica blends were evaluated. The steam treatments studied modified the volatile profile of roasted SCs, increasing the contents of acetoin, benzyl alcohol, maltol, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furfurylthiol, and 5-methylfurfural and decreasing the contents of 4-ethylguaiacol, isovaleric acid, methional, 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine, and 3-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine. Among the evaluated parameters, the best condition to maximized the content of the volatiles with a potential positive impact and minimize those with a potential negative impact was 5bar/16min (SC 5). The thresholds of consumer rejection and of detection indicate that up to 30% SC 5 can be added to a high cup quality Coffea arabica coffee without perception or rejection of the coffee brew. A blend of 30% of SC 5 and 70% of Coffea arabica was well accepted.

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This work aimed to compare methods for the formation of complexes of bixin and curcumin with ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) and to evaluate the stability of the complexes formed by these methods and their food applications. The stoichiometric relationship between curcumin and ß-CD was 1:2 and that between bixin and ß-CD was 1:1. Curcumin-ß-CD and bixin-ß-CD complexes formed by kneading, coprecipitation, and simple mixing were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-H). For both curcumin and bixin, the best method of complexation was coprecipitation. Complexation of colorants with ß-CD promoted an intensification of color and increased water solubility; however, stabilization in the presence of light occurred only for bixin. Application of curcumin-ß-CD in cheese and yogurt and bixin-ß-CD in the curd did not alter the initial characteristics of the products, which were sensorialy well accepted. Therefore, the complexation of these natural colorants with ß-CD favors their use in low-fat foods, broadening the field of industrial application.

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The objective of this work was to compare the physicochemical characteristics of quinoa and flaxseed bread. Sensory acceptance, color and texture were also appraised. They showed appropriate balances between their content of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids and low levels of trans fatty acids. Flaxseed bread had larger amounts of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 and omega-3, as well as a more balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Quinoa bread, on the other hand, had the advantage of presenting smaller contents of saturated fatty acids. With regard to color and texture, quinoa bread had similar characteristics to the flaxseed bread. The quinoa bread was well accepted by the consumers, who expressed high interest in buying it.

Grãos de linhaça e quinoa podem oferecer constituintes com efeitos fisiológicos, como os ácidos graxos (ômega-3 e ômega-6), que são importantes na prevenção de algumas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as propriedades físico-químicas dos pães de quinoa e de linhaça. Foram também avaliados a aceitação sensorial, cor e textura. Os dois produtos se destacaram pelo adequado balanço na razão entre concentração de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados pelos saturados e baixos níveis de ácidos graxos trans. O pão de linhaça apresentou maior teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, ômega-6 e ômega3, bem como razão ômega-6/ômega 3 mais balanceada. O pão de quinoa, por sua vez, ofereceu como vantagens quantidades menores de ácidos graxos saturados. Com relação a cor e textura, verificou-se que o pão de quinoa tinha características semelhantes ao de linhaça. O pão de quinoa apresentou ainda boa aceitação sensorial e elevada intenção de compra pelos consumidores.

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Perfil Livre, uma técnica sensorial descritiva, foi utilizada na caracterização de três amostras de pudins com açúcar e cinco de pudins dietéticos comerciais. Quatorze provadores realizaram o levantamento de atributos pelo método Rede. Foram elaborados para cada provador, as listas de definições de atributos e as fichas de avaliação, empregando escala não estruturada. Utilizou-se a Análise Procrustes Generalizada para tratamento dos dados. Foram ainda determinados o perfil de textura instrumental e a cor. Foi obtida boa discriminação e os pudins foram caracterizados com base, principalmente, nos atributos cor marrom, sinérese, aroma e sabor de chocolate, sabor residual, firmeza e cremosidade. A técnica de Perfil livre mostrou-se eficiente para discriminação sensorial das amostras estudadas considerando-se atributos de aparência, sabor, odor e textura.

Free-choice profile, a descriptive sensory technique, was applied to develop the profile for three regular and five dietetic commercial chocolate puddings. Fourteen panelists were selected using triangular tests, and the Grid method was used to obtain the descriptors. Besides, individual lists, definitions of the attributes, and score sheets, where each attribute was scored on an unstructured scale, were made for the assessors. The Generalized Procrustes Analysis was applied to data. Instrumental texture profile and color were also determined. Good discrimination was observed between the samples. Puddings were mainly characterized by brown color, sineresis, chocolate aroma and flavor, aftertaste, firmness and creaminess. Free-choice profiling was efficient to discriminate studied samples considering appearance, aroma, flavor and texture attributes.

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The minimal processing of horticultural products endears the raw material and is convenient to the consumer due to the facility for preparing and consuming. The objective of this work was to develop an active packaging for fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to increase its shelf life. Minimally processing methodology was defined and the product quality was determined by sensorial, physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. The lettuce tree was selected, trimmed, pre-washed, soaked in sanitized water (100ppm of active chlorine) for 15 minutes and centrifuged. The lettuce leafs were packed in polypropylene pots with a sachet containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and sealed with biodegradable starch film. Soon after the processing, the product was stored at 4oC for 12 days. Periodically samples were evaluated in terms of appearance and purchase intention, soluble solids and vitamin C contents, pH, texture, color, weight loss and total count of mesophilic and psicotrofic microorganisms, lactic bacteria, mould and yeast. Using 1-MCP in sachet format did not increase the lettuce shelf life but the minimal processing combined with packaging sealed with biodegradable film is practicable as the product showed good sensorial acceptance, low microbiological counts and shelf life of 5 days at 4oC.

O processamento mínimo de produtos hortícolas agrega valor à matéria-prima e são convenientes ao consumidor, devido à facilidade de preparo e consumo. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver uma embalagem ativa para alface americana (Lactuca sativa L.)minimamente processada visando o aumento da vida útil. Foi definida uma metodologia de processamento mínimo e a qualidade do produto foi acompanhada através de avaliação sensorial, físico-química e microbiológica. As cabeças de alface foram desfolhadas, selecionadas, pré-lavadas, sanificadas (100 ppm de cloro ativo) por 15 minutos e centrifugadas. As folhas foram acondicionadas em potes de polipropileno contendo sachês com 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) e seladas com filme biodegradável de amido. Logo após o processamento, o produto foi armazenado a 4ºC por 12 dias. Periodicamente amostras foram avaliadas sensorialmente (aparência e intenção de compra) e foram determinados os teores de sólidos solúveis e vitamina C, pH, textura, cor, perda de massa e contagem total de microrganismos mesófilos, psicrotróficos, bactérias láticas, bolores e leveduras. O uso de 1-MCP na forma de sachê não aumentou a vida útil da alface em relação ao controle, mas o processamento mínimo associado à embalagem selada com filme biodegradável é uma técnica viável, pois o produto apresentou boa aceitação sensorial, contaminação microbiológica baixa e vida de prateleira de 5 dias a 4oC.

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Brócolis minimamente processados foram embalados em bandejas de polipropileno com sachê contendo 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCO) e selado com filme biodegradável de amido. os brócolis foram armazenados por 8 dias a 12ºC e após este tempo a cor e a textura mantiveram-se similares às do produto fresco, sem desenvolvimento de odor não característico ou podridão. A embalagem ativa contendo 1-MCP na forma de sachê foi eficiente no aumento da vida de prateleira de brócolis, retardando o amarelecimento e a perda de vitamina C. Esta é uma alternativa para o tratamento com 1-MCP para produtos minimamente processados e além disso, o sachê pode absorver a água condensada, reduzindo a deterioração e o desenvolvimento de odor não característico.

Fresh-cut broccoli florets were packed in polypropylene pots containing a sachet with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and sealed with biodegradable starch-based film. Broccoli was stored for8 days at 12oC and after this time the color and the texture of the product were similar of the fresh broccoli,with no off-flavor development or decay. Active packaging with 1-MCP in a sachet was efficient to extentshelf life of broccoli florets retarding yellowing and vitamin C losses. It is an alternative of 1-MCPtreatment for fresh-cut products and besides, the sachet can absorbs condensed water reducing spoilageand off-odor development

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