RESUMO
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly prevalent globally, representing a serious public health problem. The diverse modes of transmission and the burden of the chronic carrier population pose challenges to the effective management of HBV. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure available in the current scenario. Still, HBV is one of the significant health issues in various parts of the globe due to non-response to vaccines, the high number of concealed carriers, and the lack of access and awareness. Universal vaccination programs must be scaled up in neonates, especially in the developing parts of the world, to prevent new HBV infections. Novel treatments like combinational therapy, gene silencing, and new antivirals must be available for effective management. The prolonged infection of HBV, direct and indirect, can promote the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present review emphasizes the problems and probable solutions for better managing HBV infections, causal risk factors of HCC, and mechanisms of HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatite B Crônica , Hepatite B , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B Crônica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus genotyping was assessed for 257 chronic hepatitis C patients with viral loads above 1,000 IU/ml. Twelve patients were coinfected with more than one genotype. Their median viral loads did not differ significantly from those observed for monoinfected patients, which in turn did not vary significantly among different genotypes.