RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that older men use health services less frequently than women do. However, there has been little scientific research on this subject, making it necessary to investigate the influence of various factors on the profile of health service use by this population. This study aims to analyze both the profile of health service utilization by elderly Brazilian men and associated factors. METHOD: A population-based cross-sectional study with a secondary database from the National Health Survey (2013) were used. A total of 10,536 male individuals aged 60 years or over were included. The dependent variable was composed of the research questions related to the Use of Health Services, grouped and categorized through the Latent Class Analysis. The independent variables were the factors of predisposition, capacity and health need, organized according to a theoretical model. The association measures were performed by the Rao-Scott test and those of effect by simple and multiple models of multinomial logistic regression. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: The use of health services was marked by the predominance of sporadic medical appointments in the year previous to the study. It was observed that elderly men from the North, Northeast and Midwest regions, those who were illiterate, those without private health insurance, those who had been diagnosed as having a disease, those with functional difficulties and those with a perception of their health status as very poor had been reluctant to use health services of medium and high complexity in the previous 2 weeks, or accept hospitalization. In the previous year, they had consulted their doctor only sporadically. CONCLUSION: It was noted that unfavorable social issues affected the profile of health service utilization and that the health care of the elderly Brazilian man is centered on the disease and on curative and rehabilitative attention. In this context, intra- and inter-sectorial policies and actions should encourage early contact of the elderly male population with the health services, especially Primary Care services.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
A systematic review of the literature on analytical epidemiologic studies about factors associated with the use of health services by elderly men was conducted. Four databases were researched, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs and the following key words "health services," "health services for the aged," "aged," "aged 80 and over," "men" and "men's health" and their corresponding expressions in Portuguese were used. After independent reading and selection of the abstracts and full texts of the 1782 articles located, only eight were included in this review. The Health Services Utilization model assisted in the presentation of the results. Predisposing factors associated with regard to the use of the healthcare services were identified: place of residence; lifestyle habits; age bracket; family history; education and marital status; training factors: private health services use and affiliation to a health insurance plan; effective factors of need; perception of health status; perceived susceptibility to stress; medical history; comorbidities; and functional status. The issue of aging among the male population is still poorly studied and deserves special attention to establish how elderly men express their needs and how they are being assisted by healthcare systems.
Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura de estudos epidemiológicos analíticos sobre os fatores associados à utilização dos serviços de saúde por homens idosos. Foram utilizadas quatro bases de dados, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs, e os seguintes descritores "serviços de saúde", "serviços de saúde para idosos", "idoso", "idoso de 80 anos ou mais", "homem" e "saúde do homem" e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa. Foram encontrados 1.782 artigos, e após seleção com leitura independente de resumos e artigos completos, oito foram incluídos na revisão. O modelo de Utilização dos Serviços de Saúde guiou a apresentação dos resultados. Foram identificados como fatores predisponentes associados ao uso: local de residência, hábitos de vida, faixa etária, história familiar, educação e estado civil; fatores de capacitação: utilização de serviço privado de saúde e posse de seguro de saúde; por fim, fatores de necessidade: percepção do estado de saúde, susceptibilidade percebida ao stress, histórico médico, comorbidades e status funcional. A temática do envelhecimento da população masculina ainda é pouco estudada e merece atenção especial para reconhecer como os homens idosos expressam suas necessidades e como estão sendo absorvidos pelos sistemas de cuidado em saúde.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde do Homem , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Resumo Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura de estudos epidemiológicos analíticos sobre os fatores associados à utilização dos serviços de saúde por homens idosos. Foram utilizadas quatro bases de dados, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs, e os seguintes descritores "serviços de saúde", "serviços de saúde para idosos", "idoso", "idoso de 80 anos ou mais", "homem" e "saúde do homem" e seus correspondentes na língua inglesa. Foram encontrados 1.782 artigos, e após seleção com leitura independente de resumos e artigos completos, oito foram incluídos na revisão. O modelo de Utilização dos Serviços de Saúde guiou a apresentação dos resultados. Foram identificados como fatores predisponentes associados ao uso: local de residência, hábitos de vida, faixa etária, história familiar, educação e estado civil; fatores de capacitação: utilização de serviço privado de saúde e posse de seguro de saúde; por fim, fatores de necessidade: percepção do estado de saúde, susceptibilidade percebida ao stress, histórico médico, comorbidades e status funcional. A temática do envelhecimento da população masculina ainda é pouco estudada e merece atenção especial para reconhecer como os homens idosos expressam suas necessidades e como estão sendo absorvidos pelos sistemas de cuidado em saúde.
Abstract A systematic review of the literature on analytical epidemiologic studies about factors associated with the use of health services by elderly men was conducted. Four databases were researched, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs and the following key words "health services," "health services for the aged," "aged," "aged 80 and over," "men" and "men's health" and their corresponding expressions in Portuguese were used. After independent reading and selection of the abstracts and full texts of the 1782 articles located, only eight were included in this review. The Health Services Utilization model assisted in the presentation of the results. Predisposing factors associated with regard to the use of the healthcare services were identified: place of residence; lifestyle habits; age bracket; family history; education and marital status; training factors: private health services use and affiliation to a health insurance plan; effective factors of need; perception of health status; perceived susceptibility to stress; medical history; comorbidities; and functional status. The issue of aging among the male population is still poorly studied and deserves special attention to establish how elderly men express their needs and how they are being assisted by healthcare systems.