RESUMO

The effects of intramammary dry cow therapy based on the administration of 5% Melaleuca alternifolia tea tree essential oil (TTO) as an internal teat sealant to Murrah cows were evaluated. A longitudinal prospective and retrospective negative control study was performed using 12 buffaloes from a total of 20 Murrah buffaloes on an organic farm, with the cow used as a control for herself. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for treatments with pure oil (TTO) and medication containing 5% TTO (O5) were determined. The buffaloes were clinically examined, and the teats were evaluated using thermography and ultrasound. Udder health was monitored during the first 100 days in milk (DIM) using milk somatic cell count (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT). Laboratory tests against standard strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC®25,923™, Escherichia coli ATCC®25,922™, and wild bacterial strains showed maximum MIC values of 50 µL/mL for the TTO and O5 treatments. One wild-type S. aureus strain showed no MBC. No adverse effects were observed after the intramammary application of TTO. The CMT and SCC values were similar (P > 0.05) for all observations. The medication containing 5% TTO was effective in vitro and compatible with the intramammary tissue in vivo of Murrah buffaloes. TTO was safe, not inducing inflammatory processes or other modifications of the teat detectable by thermography or ultrasound. It was able to protect buffaloes during the dry period under field conditions, demonstrating potential use as a teat sealant for organic farms.

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RESUMO

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar valores físico-químicos ecelulares do leite de búfalas criadas em São Paulo, Brasil, assimcomo evidenciar relações entre o isolamento bacteriano e alteraçõesnesses constituintes, contribuindo dessa forma para o diagnósticodas diferentes formas de mastite. Os valores consideradoscomo de referência para o leite de búfalas, segundo as fases delactação (inicial, intermediária e final), foram respectivamente:para o pH 6,89; 6,85 e 6,9; para a eletrocondutividade 3,82;4,02 e 4,49 mS/cm; para os teores de cloreto 18,21; 20,13 e26,49 mg/dl; para os teores de gordura 4,25; 3,70 e 3,56 g/dl;para os teores de proteína 3,97; 4,03 e 4,5 g/dl; para os teoresde lactose 5,11; 5,08 e 4,81 g/dl; para os teores de sólidostotais 14,55; 13,88 e 13,93 g/dl e para o número de célulassomáticas 29.000; 29.000 e 26.000 cel/ml. As bactérias isoladascom maior frequência foram as dos gêneros: Corynebacterium(28,5%); Staphylococcus (24,7%); Streptococcus (15,8%); e Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11,4%), com uma prevalência igual a20,1%. O número de isolamentos bacterianos aumentou significativamentecom o evoluir da lactação. Em contraste, o momentoda ordenha não influenciou no número de isolamentos.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicalchemicaland cellular contents of the milk of buffaloes bred inthe state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to draw relationships betweenthese values and microbiological results, contributing significantlyfor the diagnosis of different forms of mastitis. Reference valuesfor buffalo milk, according to the phase of lactation (beginning,middle and end of lactation) were, respectively: pH, 6.89; 6.85and 6.9; electro conductivity, 3.82; 4.02 and 4.49 mS/cm; chloridecontent, 18.72; 20.13 and 26.49 mg/dl; fat content 4.25;3.70 and 3.56 g/dl; protein content, 3.97; 4.03 and 4.5 g/dl;lactose content, 5.11; 5.08 and 4.81 g/dl; total solid content,14.55; 13.88 and 13.93 g/dl, and somatic cell counts, 29,000;29,000 and 26,000 cells/ml. Results support that the phase oflactation influence pH, electroconductivity, chloride, fat, protein,lactose and total solid contents, as well as somatic cell counts.Fat, protein, lactose, total solid and somatic cell counts contentswere influenced by the moment of sample collection (before orafter milking), respectively, with the following values: 3.90 and8.9 g/dl; 4.12 and 3.67 g/dl; 5.02 and 4.64 g/dl; 14.18 and18.31 g/dl, and 29,000 and 56,000 cells/ml. Bacterial generamore frequently isolated were Corynebacterium sp (28.5%); Staphylococcussp (24.7%); Streptococcus sp (15.8%); and Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11.4%), with prevalence equal to 20.1%.The frequency of bacterial isolation increased significantly withlactation. However, the moment of milking did not influence isolation.There was a relationship between the variation in somemilk constituents that present clinical significance for the diagnosisof buffalo mastitis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar valores físico-químicos ecelulares do leite de búfalas criadas em São Paulo, Brasil, assimcomo evidenciar relações entre o isolamento bacteriano e alteraçõesnesses constituintes, contribuindo dessa forma para o diagnósticodas diferentes formas de mastite. Os valores consideradoscomo de referência para o leite de búfalas, segundo as fases delactação (inicial, intermediária e final), foram respectivamente:para o pH 6,89; 6,85 e 6,9; para a eletrocondutividade 3,82;4,02 e 4,49 mS/cm; para os teores de cloreto 18,21; 20,13 e26,49 mg/dl; para os teores de gordura 4,25; 3,70 e 3,56 g/dl;para os teores de proteína 3,97; 4,03 e 4,5 g/dl; para os teoresde lactose 5,11; 5,08 e 4,81 g/dl; para os teores de sólidostotais 14,55; 13,88 e 13,93 g/dl e para o número de célulassomáticas 29.000; 29.000 e 26.000 cel/ml. As bactérias isoladascom maior frequência foram as dos gêneros: Corynebacterium(28,5%); Staphylococcus (24,7%); Streptococcus (15,8%); e Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11,4%), com uma prevalência igual a20,1%. O número de isolamentos bacterianos aumentou significativamentecom o evoluir da lactação. Em contraste, o momentoda ordenha não influenciou no número de isolamentos.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate physicalchemicaland cellular contents of the milk of buffaloes bred inthe state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to draw relationships betweenthese values and microbiological results, contributing significantlyfor the diagnosis of different forms of mastitis. Reference valuesfor buffalo milk, according to the phase of lactation (beginning,middle and end of lactation) were, respectively: pH, 6.89; 6.85and 6.9; electro conductivity, 3.82; 4.02 and 4.49 mS/cm; chloridecontent, 18.72; 20.13 and 26.49 mg/dl; fat content 4.25;3.70 and 3.56 g/dl; protein content, 3.97; 4.03 and 4.5 g/dl;lactose content, 5.11; 5.08 and 4.81 g/dl; total solid content,14.55; 13.88 and 13.93 g/dl, and somatic cell counts, 29,000;29,000 and 26,000 cells/ml. Results support that the phase oflactation influence pH, electroconductivity, chloride, fat, protein,lactose and total solid contents, as well as somatic cell counts.Fat, protein, lactose, total solid and somatic cell counts contentswere influenced by the moment of sample collection (before orafter milking), respectively, with the following values: 3.90 and8.9 g/dl; 4.12 and 3.67 g/dl; 5.02 and 4.64 g/dl; 14.18 and18.31 g/dl, and 29,000 and 56,000 cells/ml. Bacterial generamore frequently isolated were Corynebacterium sp (28.5%); Staphylococcussp (24.7%); Streptococcus sp (15.8%); and Arcanobacteriumpyogenes (11.4%), with prevalence equal to 20.1%.The frequency of bacterial isolation increased significantly withlactation. However, the moment of milking did not influence isolation.There was a relationship between the variation in somemilk constituents that present clinical significance for the diagnosisof buffalo mastitis.(AU)

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RESUMO

The production of a healthy cloned calf is dependent on a multitude of successful steps, including reprogramming mediated by the oocyte, the development of a functional placenta, adequate maternal-fetal interaction, the establishment of a physiological metabolic setting and the formation of a complete set of well-differentiated cells that will eventually result in well-characterised and fully competent tissues and organs. Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has improved significantly since the first report of a somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived animal, there are many descriptions of anomalies concerning cloned calves leading to high perinatal morbidity and mortality. The present article discusses some our experience regarding perinatal and neonatal procedures for cloned Zebu cattle (B. indicus) that has led to improved survival rates in Nellore cloned calves following the application of such 'labour-intensive technology'.

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Forty seven mammary glands affected by indurative mastitis were analyzed in order to study parenchyma alterations caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. The study was based on physical examination of the animals and physical-chemical characteristics of the milk. Diagnosis was based on physical examination, serological results, PCR of the milk and histopathology from the mammary tissue. Physical examination showed that indurative process affected the parenchyma of all animals. In many cases, there were nodules of different sizes. PCR detected the virus in the parenchyma and milk of many animals showing that mastitis was caused by a virus. Only 2.35% (47/2000) of the glands evaluated showed consistency alterations related to the virus. PH, chloride content and electroconductivity, as well as somatic cells counts, were greater in animals infected by CAE virus. Alterations in the consistency of the mammary parenchyma were observed in the 25 animals infected. Diameter of the nodules in the parenchyma of eight glands ranged from 1 to 3 cm. Retromammary lymphnodes were enlarged in 4 of 47 glands (8.5%). No clumps were observed in milk samples, but secretion had an aqueous appearance. From the 34 milk samples analyzed, 18/34 (52.9%) showed normal physical-chemical parameters; 9 showed one or two abnormal parameters, and 7 showed 3 or more abnormal parameters.

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