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The evaluation of quality of life may enable researchers to produce information that may improve health care and the quality of older people's lives. This research has two main goals: the first is to assess the psychometric properties of the SF-36 Health Questionnaire (construct validity and internal consistency), and the second, to calculate the factorial invariance of the questionnaire in two random, independent samples (i.e., cross-validation). The total sample consisted of 970 elderly subjects from the cities of Chihuahua and Monterrey, Mexico, with an average age of 71.18 (SD = 7.69). The factor structure of the SF-36 was analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The analyses show an adequate four-factor structure. The four-factor structure (Physical Function, Body Pain, Physical Role and Psychological Health) shows adequate reliability and validity indices. In addition, the results from the CFA analyses for the subsamples provide strong evidence of the stability of the four-factor structure. Future research should consider replicating the present findings in larger samples.
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Self-concept is one of the most relevant variables in the field of personality, and a negative self-perception can pose a risk to the adolescent's development. The present study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties proposed by Aguirre and collaborators for the dimensional self-concept questionnaire (AUDIM-M). The total sample was 560 adolescents from the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, with a mean age of 12.96 ± 0.88 years. The factor structure of the questionnaire was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The analyses show that a four-factor structure is viable and adequate (GFI 0.964; RMSEA 0.057; CFI 0.950). The four-factor structure (personal self-concept, physical self-concept, social self-concept, and academic self-concept), according to statistical and substantive criteria, shows adequate indicators of reliability and validity adjustment. The model obtained coincides with that proposed by Aguirre et al. Improving adolescents' self-concept undoubtedly contributes to their quality of life, hence the need for valid and reliable instruments for its measurement; this study could be a first approach for future research.
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Anxiety is a feeling of fear, dread or restlessness and can develop into a weight-related disorder. The objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of the trait anxiety subscale of the Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS), as well as the invariance in Mexican preadolescents. The sample consisted of 604 participants, 285 female and 319 male, whose ages ranged between 11 and 12 years (M = 11.37; SD = 0.48). The questionnaire's factor structure was analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses. The analyses show the viability and adequacy of a two-factor structure (weight and non-weight factors) both for the total sample and for the populations of male and female. The two-factor structure showed adequate reliability and validity fit indicators. The factor structure, the factor loadings and intercepts are considered invariant according to the variable sex; however, differences between female and male participants were found for levels of anxiety caused by physical appearance. In conclusion, the PASTAS can be considered a convenient instrument to assess the variables related to anxiety generated by one's physical appearance, as well as allowing more participants to be quickly assessed.
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Body image is a mental representation that a person has, which could become a body dissatisfaction due to the pressure exerted by the culture, affecting several life stages specially in adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial invariance of the questionnaire to assess body image dissatisfaction. The sample consisted of 552 Mexican teenagers, 259 female, and 293 male, with a mean age of 12.91 ± 0.96 years. Confirmatory Factor Analyses show that a five-factor structure is viable and adequate. The five-factor structure (perceptual, emotional distress, behavioral, proposal to change, and fear of gaining weight) show adequate fit indices and validity, even though the obtained model does not completely correspond to that proposed by the authors of the scale, it continues to endorse the multifactorial component of body dissatisfaction. On the other hand, the factorial structure, the factor loadings, and the intercepts are considered invariant in both populations; however, there are differences between the populations for the means of the perceptual, emotional distress, and fear of gaining weight factors. This study serves as a premise for future research on the study of instruments for measuring body image in populations with different personal and cultural factors.
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The purpose of the present study was to adapt and validate the Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS) for Mexican adolescents, verifying the factor invariance by sports and non-sports practitioners. A sample of 930 Mexican adolescents (46.0% females), aged 11-15 years old, voluntarily participated in the study. A total of 415 participants regularly played sports in a club and/or regularly participated in sports competitions and 515 were non-sports practitioners. The adolescents filled out the trait version of the PASTAS questionnaire, which was previously translated and adapted for Mexican-speaking adolescents following the International Test Commission guidelines. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses showed an adequate measurement model for the original two-factor structure (e.g., GFI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.078; CFI = 0.943). The internal consistency of the two dimensions was excellent (α and Ω = 0.92-0.93). Additionally, the results of the factorial invariance analyses showed an appropriate fit of the two-structure model (e.g., GFI = 0.96; CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.04) among both sports and non-sports practitioners. The proposed trait version of the PASTAS questionnaire adapted to a Mexican-speaking population shows adequate psychometric properties among Mexican adolescents. The Mexican version of the PASTAS questionnaire supports the original two-factor structure (i.e., factor related to the body weight and factor not related to body weight) among adolescents. Additionally, the factorial invariance analyses support the equivalence of the two-factor structure among both sports and non-sports practitioners.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Aparência Física , Inquéritos e Questionários , Esportes Juvenis/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Inventário de Personalidade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Actualmente existe una tendencia a la realización de dietas no saludables, siendo particularmente vulnerable el estudiantado universitario debido a la asunción de responsabilidades en la adquisición de hábitos alimentarios. Objetivos: El propósito de esta investigación ha sido verificar el ajuste de un modelo teórico, con ecuaciones estructurales, para la explicación del número de dietas a través del porcentaje de grasa y la insatisfacción corporal. Las participantes han sido 244 universitarias mexicanas, con una edad media de 19.98 años (DE=1.24). Los instrumentos utilizados han sido el porcentaje de grasa, el número de dietas para perder peso realizadas durante los dos últimos años y el Cuestionario IMAGEN para evaluar los distintos componentes de la insatisfacción corporal. Resultados: Se ha obtenido un ajuste satisfactorio siendo significativas la mayoría de las relaciones hipotetizadas. Se destaca que solo el planteamiento de cambio y el componente comportamental tiene un efecto directo en el número de dietas. También se resalta la capacidad mediadora de los factores de insatisfacción corporal entre las variables porcentaje de grasa y número de dietas. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta el efecto total (efectos directos e indirectos), el componente comportamental, seguido por los componentes malestar emocional, perceptivo y planteamiento de cambio de la insatisfacción corporal, son las variables con mayor poder explicativo sobre el número de dietas. El porcentaje de grasa no muestra efecto directo sobre el número de dietas.
Abstract Introduction: Currently there is a trend towards unhealthy diets with university students being particularly vulnerable due to the assumption of responsibility for the acquisition of eating habits. Objective: The purpose of this research has been to fit the theorical model for the explication of the number of diets through percentage of body fat and body dissatisfaction through structural equations. The participants have been 244 Mexican college women, whose average age was 19.88 years (DE=1.24). The used tools have been the percentage body fat, the number of diets to lose weight for the last two years and the IMAGE Questionnaire to measure the different components of body dissatisfaction. Results: A satisfactory fit has been obtained, with most of the hypothesized relationships being significant. It is highlighted that only the change approach and the behavioral component have a direct effect on the number of diets. The mediating capacity of the body dissatisfaction factors between the variable's percentage of body fat and number of diets is also highlighted. Conclusions: Considering the total effect (direct and indirect effects), the behavioral component, followed by the emotional discomfort, perceptual discomfort and the change approach components of body dissatisfaction are the variables with the greatest explanatory power on the number of diets. The percentage of body fat shows no direct effect on the number of diets.