RESUMO
The plant piquillín (Condalia microphylla) grows in arid regions of Argentina and is the cause of mal del piquillín in cattle. The salient histologic features of this leukomyelopathy are vacuolation of white matter and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord. The histologic lesions can be experimentally reproduced in cattle and pigs by feeding milled bark of the plant, but naturally occurring piquillín toxicosis has not been reported previously in pigs. The authors report an outbreak of progressive ataxia on an Argentine hog farm, where partially consumed piquillín plants were found in the pens of affected pigs. Histologic lesions included vacuolation of white matter, edema, and mild axonal degeneration in lumbosacral segments of the cord. The diagnosis of mal del piquillín was based on the history, clinical signs, histologic changes, and elimination of other potential causes of leukomyelopathy. No new outbreaks developed after elimination of piquillín from the hog lots. Results of this investigation indicate that C microphylla toxicosis can affect pigs under natural conditions and should be included in the differential diagnosis for porcine ataxia and leukomyelopathy in regions where the plant grows.
Assuntos
Ataxia/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Rhamnaceae/intoxicação , Doenças dos Suínos/etiologia , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Ataxia/epidemiologia , Ataxia/etiologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/epidemiologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/etiologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/etiologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/patologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A total of 13,000 pairs of lungs were examined at Mexico's City abbatoir, where 8,000 corresponded to sheep and 5,000 to cattle. From those, 224 pneumonic lesions were observed, obtaining 97 positive isolates, which yielded 112 strains of Pasteurella sp. Forty isolates were identified as P. haemolytica and 72 as P. multocida. One-hundred percent of P. haemolytica belonged to biotype A. Serotypes were determined by indirect haemagglutination. P. multocida isolates were classified according to the acriflavine and hyaluronidase techniques, 61% belonged to type A, 25% to type D and 14% were untypified. Somatic serotypes were determined by gel immunodiffusion; serotype 3 was more frequent, in sheep 72% and in cattle 77%.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Mannheimia haemolytica/classificação , Pasteurella multocida/classificação , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Mannheimia haemolytica/isolamento & purificação , México/epidemiologia , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/epidemiologia , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/patologia , Sorotipagem , Ovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologiaRESUMO
An inactivated vaccine was prepared with Parainfluenza-3 virus strain LQ-514 and strains of Pasteurella hemolytica and P. multocida, suspended in oil adjuvant. The virus had been isolated from 30-60 day old calves during an epidemic of Pneumonia. The vaccine was tested in guinea pigs aged 1 to 2 months. The antibody response and the virus titres in organs after the challenge were the parameters studied. Hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were first detected 14 days after vaccination and reached maximum titres at day 28. The challenge was done at day 34, and a secondary antibody response was observed 72 hours later, which reached its peak the following day. Virus could be isolated from lung samples of control animals at day 3, 4 and 5 after infection. Moreover, viral antigens and particles were observed in the same samples by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, respectively. In contrast, all three methods failed to demonstrate the presence of virus in organs of immunized guinea pigs after the challenge.
Assuntos
Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/imunologia , Respirovirus/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/análise , Feminino , Cobaias , Pulmão/microbiologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/isolamento & purificação , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Se elaboró una vacuna inactivada con la cepa LQ-514 del virus Parainfluenza-3 aislado en brotes de neumonía en terneros de 30 a 60 días de edad y cepas de Pasteurella hemolítica y P. multocida. En este trabajo se estudió la posibilidad de evaluar dicha vacuna con adyuvante oleoso en cobayos de 1 a 2 meses de edad, a través de la respuesta de anticuerpos y aislamiento de virus luego de la descarga. En los animales vacunados pudieron detectarse anticuerpos inhibidores de la hemoaglutinación a partir del día 14 p.i. llegando a títulos máximos el día 28 p.i. A los tres días de la descarga se evidenció una respuesta de tipo secundario en los animales vacunados, alcanzando el máximo al cuarto día. El virus pudo aislarse en cultivos celulares a partir de pulmón de animales no inmunizados los días 3,4 y 5 post descarga, evidenciándose además su presencia por inmunofluorescencia directa y por microscopía electrónica. Por el contrario, en los animales vacunados y descargados no pudo aislarse virus de pulmón ni ponerse en evidencia por inmunofluorescencia directa o microscopía electrónica
Assuntos
Cobaias , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Imunização , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/isolamento & purificação , Pulmão/microbiologiaRESUMO
An inactivated vaccine was prepared with Parainfluenza-3 virus strain LQ-514 and strains of Pasteurella hemolytica and P. multocida, suspended in oil adjuvant. The virus had been isolated from 30-60 day old calves during an epidemic of Pneumonia. The vaccine was tested in guinea pigs aged 1 to 2 months. The antibody response and the virus titres in organs after the challenge were the parameters studied. Hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were first detected 14 days after vaccination and reached maximum titres at day 28. The challenge was done at day 34, and a secondary antibody response was observed 72 hours later, which reached its peak the following day. Virus could be isolated from lung samples of control animals at day 3, 4 and 5 after infection. Moreover, viral antigens and particles were observed in the same samples by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, respectively. In contrast, all three methods failed to demonstrate the presence of virus in organs of immunized guinea pigs after the challenge.
RESUMO
Se elaboró una vacuna inactivada con la cepa LQ-514 del virus Parainfluenza-3 aislado en brotes de neumonía en terneros de 30 a 60 días de edad y cepas de Pasteurella hemolítica y P. multocida. En este trabajo se estudió la posibilidad de evaluar dicha vacuna con adyuvante oleoso en cobayos de 1 a 2 meses de edad, a través de la respuesta de anticuerpos y aislamiento de virus luego de la descarga. En los animales vacunados pudieron detectarse anticuerpos inhibidores de la hemoaglutinación a partir del día 14 p.i. llegando a títulos máximos el día 28 p.i. A los tres días de la descarga se evidenció una respuesta de tipo secundario en los animales vacunados, alcanzando el máximo al cuarto día. El virus pudo aislarse en cultivos celulares a partir de pulmón de animales no inmunizados los días 3,4 y 5 post descarga, evidenciándose además su presencia por inmunofluorescencia directa y por microscopía electrónica. Por el contrario, en los animales vacunados y descargados no pudo aislarse virus de pulmón ni ponerse en evidencia por inmunofluorescencia directa o microscopía electrónica (AU)