Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/fisiopatologia , Gastroenterite/fisiopatologia , Hormônios Gastrointestinais/fisiologia , Peptídeos/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adulto , Diarreia/fisiopatologia , Diarreia Infantil/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vipoma/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The effect of morphine (0.1 mg/kg) on insulin secretion stimulated by oral, intraduodenal, or intravenous administration of glucose was studied in seven healthy volunteers. When glucose was given intravenously, morphine had no effect on plasma glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), or pancreatic glucagon. Following oral glucose, morphine slowed gastric emptying and reduced plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and GIP. During intraduodenal infusion of glucose, insulin concentrations of plasma were also decreased by morphine, an effect best explained by decreased small intestinal transit with delayed absorption of glucose and delayed release of GIP. We conclude that clinically relevant doses of morphine have no direct effect on insulin secretion and that the changes observed were secondary to slowed gastric emptying and small intestinal transit (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Insulina/metabolismo , Morfina/farmacologia , Glicemia/análise , Duodeno , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon/sangue , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Polipeptídeo Inibidor Gástrico/sangue , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Glucose/farmacologia , Infusões Parenterais , Insulina/sangue , Neurotensina/sangueRESUMO
Plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay in fasted rats 9 days after infection with a range of doses of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Values for infected rats fed ad libitum were compared with those of weight matched, pair fed, uninfected rats to control for the possible effects of dose-dependent reductions in food intake associated with infection. The plasma concentrations of some of the gastrointestinal hormones in infected rats were very different from those of their pair fed partners. The magnitude and direction of the changes varied according to the hormone being examined. Plasma concentrations of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide were similar in pair fed and infected rats at all doses used. For the other hormones assayed, infection was associated with dose-related changes. The plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and insulin were slightly but significantly reduced in infected rats. In contrast, secretin, enteroglucagon, and pancreatic glucagon concentrations were markedly increased. At the highest dose given (52 larvae/g body wt), the plasma levels of secretin and enteroglucagon in infected rats were elevated 9 X and 15 X, respectively. A comparison of the changes seen in N. brasiliensis-infected rats with those reported for other helminth infections revealed striking differences. The possible etiology of alterations in plasma gastrointestinal hormone concentrations and their contribution to the pathological changes seen in animals infected with helminths are discussed.
Assuntos
Hormônios Gastrointestinais/sangue , Infecções por Nematoides/sangue , Animais , Peso Corporal , Colecistocinina/sangue , Ingestão de Energia , Gastrinas/sangue , Glucagon/sangue , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon/sangue , Masculino , Nippostrongylus , Polipeptídeo Pancreático/sangue , Ratos , Secretina/sangueRESUMO
Eight boys aged 9.5 to 17 years, on regular hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, were treated for 0.4 to 1.3 years with the anabolic steroid oxandrolone. The effects on linear growth, skeletal maturation, cell mass, and the fasting levels and response to intravenous glucose of BG, IRI, NEFA, BCAA, and IRG were measured. Following treatment there was a significant increase in mean growth velocity, growth velocity standard deviation score related to bone age, and cell mass. Overall skeletal maturation was not accelerated, and only a small advance in pubertal status was seen. There was a decrease in fasting levels of BG and NEFA; fasting BCAA and IRG were increased. The response to intravenous glucose was altered; there was a decrease in peak BG response, an increase in peak IRI response, and a more marked fall in plasma NEFA and BCAA levels. Fasting IRG levels correlated with fasting BG levels, and fell significantly following intravenous glucose both before and after treatment. Hepatotoxicity, which was reversible, was seen in a ninth boy who did not complete the study. The only other side effect, salt and water retention, was controlled by a reduction in oxandrolone dosage. These preliminary results suggest that anabolic steroids may be useful to stimulate anabolism and growth in uremic children, and that their effect is mediated by an increase in insulin secretion and/or an improvement in tissue sensitivity to insulin. Further studies with careful monitoring are required to substantiate the effect on final height and the risks involved.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Crescimento/tratamento farmacológico , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Oxandrolona/uso terapêutico , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Metabolismo Basal/efeitos dos fármacos , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento Ósseo/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Hormônios/sangue , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , MasculinoRESUMO
Nine pateints presented with necrolytic migratory erythema, stomatitis, weght loss, and, in seven cases, diabetes. All nine were found to have pancreatic tumours. Pancreatic tissue was available from eight patients and invariably showed an islet-cell lesion. Four tumors were examined further and found to concist of islet alpha-2 cells and to contain glucagon. In these four patients very high plasma-glucagon and very low plasma-aminoacid concentrations were found. In the one case in which a glucagonoma was resected the patient recovered completely. This syndrome may be the specific result of hypersecretion of pancreatic glucagon.