RESUMO
The mechanism by which Helicobacter species are transmitted remains unclear. To examine the possible role of environmental transmission in marine mammals, we sought the presence of Helicobacter spp. and non-Helicobacter bacteria within the order Campylobacterales in water from the aquatic environment of marine mammals, and in fish otoliths regurgitated by dolphins. Water was collected from six pools, two inhabited by dolphins and four inhabited by seals. Regurgitated otoliths were collected from the bottom of dolphins' pools. Samples were evaluated by culture, PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Sequences from dolphins' water and from regurgitated otoliths clustered with 99.8-100% homology with sequences from gastric fluids, dental plaque and saliva from dolphins living in those pools, and with 99.5% homology with H. cetorum. Sequences from seals' water clustered with 99.5% homology with a sequence amplified from a Northern sea lion (AY203900). Control PCR on source water for the pools and from otoliths dissected from feeder fish were negative. The findings of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the aquatic environment suggests that contaminated water from regurgitated fish otoliths and perhaps other tissues may play a role in Helicobacter transmission among marine mammals.
Assuntos
Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Helicobacter/isolamento & purificação , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Animais , Campylobacter/genética , Golfinhos , Peixes/microbiologia , Otárias , Helicobacter/genética , Filogenia , Focas VerdadeirasRESUMO
The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the iron bioavailability of a new ferric pyrophosphate salt stabilized and solubilized with glycine. The prophylactic-preventive test in rats, using ferrous sulfate as the reference standard, was applied as the evaluating methodology both using water and yogurt as vehicles. Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats weaned were randomized into five different groups (group 1: FeSO(4); group 2: pyr; group 3: FeSO(4) + yogurt; group 4: pyr + yogurt and group 5: control). The iron bioavailability (BioFe) of each compound was calculated using the formula proposed by Dutra-de-Oliveira et al. where BioFe % = (HbFef - HbFei) x 100/ToFeIn. Finally, the iron bioavailability results of each iron source were also given as relative biological value (RBV) using ferrous sulfate as the reference standard. The results showed that both BioFe % and RBV % of the new iron source tested is similar to that of the reference standard independently of the vehicle employed for the fortification procedure (FeSO(4) 49.46 +/- 12.0% and 100%; Pyr 52.66 +/- 15.02% and 106%; FeSO(4) + yogurth 54.39 +/- 13.92% and 110%; Pyr + yogurt 61.97 +/- 13.54% and 125%; Control 25.30 +/- 6.60, p < 0.05). Therefore, the stabilized and soluble ferric pyrophosphate may be considered as an optimal iron source for food fortification.
Assuntos
Difosfatos/química , Alimentos Fortificados , Ferro da Dieta/farmacocinética , Ferro/química , Análise de Variância , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Dieta , Difosfatos/farmacocinética , Feminino , Compostos Ferrosos/química , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacocinética , Ferro/farmacocinética , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Padrões de Referência , Solubilidade , Água , IogurteRESUMO
La infección con Helicobacter pylori (Hp) está altamente diseminada a nivel mundial y es considerada una de las causas principales de gastritis crónica, úlceras pépticas y duodenales y cáncer gástrico. Trabajos recientes han mostrado que esta puede tener implicaciones nutricionales, principalmente sobre el estado de hierro y otros micronutrientes. El objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia de infección con Hp y el patrón de infección según edad, sexo, estado nutricional y condiciones socioeconómicas, en niños que asistían a Unidad Educativa "Valentín Espinal" de Valencia. Se evaluaron 170 niños entre 3 y 14 años de edad, de ambos géneros. Se determinó: Infección por Hp (test de aliento con urea-C13), edad, estado nutricional según IMC y Talla-Edad, hemoglobina (cianometahemoglobina), ferritina sérica (ELISA), estrato socioeconómico (Graffar-Méndez-Castellano), condición de vivienda, número de personas y familias que viven en el hogar y calidad de los servicios. El 78,8 por ciento de los niños estaban infectados con Hp, no encontrándose correlación significativa con el género pero si con la edad; 25,9 por ciento presentaron déficit nutricional y 46,5 por ciento talla baja, El 98,1 por ciento de las familias se encontraban en situación de pobreza (estratos IV y V) y 98 por ciento de las viviendas presentaban deficiencias sanitarias; En promedio vivían 6,0±2,4 personas en el hogar (rango: 2 a 15) y 3,2 personas compartían un mismo dormitorio. Se encontró que la probabilidad de infección era mayor en aquellos niños que presentaban déficit de talla y que el estrato socioeconómico, el nivel de instrucción materno, las precarias condiciones de alojamiento y el hacinamiento se asociaban significativamente a la infección. La deprivación socioeconómica en la niñez esta asociada con una alta colonización del Hp, la edad, el hacinamiento y un bajo nivel de instrucción de la madre pueden aumentar el riesgo a esta infección
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Helicobacter pylori , Estado Nutricional , Alimentação Escolar , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , VenezuelaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to assess dietary zinc effects on femur weight and mineral content in growing rats. For this purpose, 70 weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Each group was subject to a diet containing 2 (BZ), 5 (DZ), 10 (MZ), and 30 (CZ) ppm zinc. The calcium and magnesium content in all diets was 5 g/kg and 507 mg/kg, respectively. The animals were kept on this regime for 28 d and then sacrificed and their femurs were removed for analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The weights of the BZ and DZ groups were significantly different from the MZ and CZ groups (38.5+/-10.5, 89.9+/-13.7, 118.6+/-13.6, and 134+/-19.9 g, p<0.01) respectively. There were no differences between the MZ and CZ groups. Femur weight also varied with dietary zinc, as it was significantly different among all groups (BZ, 265+/-49 mg; DZ, 380+/-40 mg; MZ, 452+/-54 mg; CZ, 735+/-66 mg; p<0.01). The femur zinc content varied with diets, following a different pattern than the above parameters. Femur zinc from the BZ group (51.5+/-5.4 ppm) was significantly different from the MZ and CZ groups (115.9+/-14.2 and 175.0+/-13.5 ppm, respectively), whereas the DZ group (62.5+/-11.3 ppm) did not differ from the other three groups. The femur content of calcium (BZ, 83.2+/-9.8 mg/g; DZ, 88.0+/-9.2 mg/g; MZ, 90.2+/-13.6 mg/g; CZ, 83.1+/-14.7 mg/g) and magnesium (BZ, 1.82+/-0.13 mg/g; DZ, 1.98+/-0.09 mg/g; MZ, 1.93+/-14 mg/g; CZ, 1.83+/-0.19 mg/g) were not significantly different among the groups, nor was the calcium-magnesium ratio. These results suggest that although dietary zinc deficiency retards growth and causes bone fragility, bone deposition of calcium and magnesium and its ratio are not affected.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Ósseo/fisiologia , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Dieta , Magnésio/metabolismo , Zinco/fisiologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fêmur/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Ratos , Aumento de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this research, we measure the iron bioavailability of micronized ferric orthophosphate when it is used to fortify low-fat fluid milk enriched with calcium and petit suisse cheese using the prophylactic-preventive method in rats. Four groups of male weaned rats received a basal diet (control diet; 6.5 ppm Fe), a reference standard diet (SO4Fe; 18.2 ppm Fe), a basal diet using iron-fortified fluid milk as the iron source (milk diet; Fe ppm 17.9), and a basal diet using iron-fortified petit suisse cheese as the iron source (cheese diet; 18.0 ppm Fe) for 22 d. The iron bioavailability of the different sources was calculated as the ratio between the mass of iron incorporated into hemoglobin during the experiment and the total iron intake per animal. The relative biological values with regard to the reference standard (RBV%) were 61% and 69% for the milk and cheese diet, respectively. These results show that according to this method, the iron bioavailability in both fortified foods can be considered as medium bioavailability rates.
Assuntos
Queijo , Alimentos Fortificados , Ferro/farmacocinética , Leite/química , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cálcio/metabolismo , Dieta , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
In this research, we measured the iron bioavailability of ferrous gluconate stabilized with glycine (SFG) when it is used to fortify petit suisse cheese using the prophylactic-preventive method in rats. Three groups of male, weaned rats received a basal diet (control diet; 5.2 ppm Fe), a reference standard diet (SO4Fe; 9.2 ppm Fe), and a basal diet using iron-fortified petit suisse cheese as the iron source (cheese diet; 8.8 ppm Fe) for 22 d. The iron bioavailability was calculated as the ratio between the mass of iron incorporated into hemoglobin and the total iron intake per animal during the treatment. These values (BioFe) were 68% and 72% for SFG and ferrous sulfate, respectively. The value of the Relative Biological Value (RBV) was 95% for SFG in petit suisse cheese. These results show that according to this method, the iron bioavailability from industrial fortified petit suisse cheese can be considered as a high bioavailability rate.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Queijo/análise , Ferro da Dieta/uso terapêutico , Ferro/farmacocinética , Análise de Variância , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Peso Corporal , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacocinética , Glicina/farmacocinética , Hemoglobinas/química , Ferro/análise , Ferro/sangue , Ferro da Dieta/análise , Ferro da Dieta/sangue , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp) is widely spread around the world, and it is considered one of the main causes of chronic gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Recent research has shown that it can be associated with nutritional disorders, mainly with iron and other micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Hp infection, and infection pattern according to age, sex, nutritional status, and socioeconomic conditions in children who attended the Unidad Educativa "Valentin Espinal" in the city of Valencia. 170 children, between 3 and 14 years of age were studied to assess Hpylori infection (13C-urea breath test), age, nutritional status according to BMI and Height for age, hemoglobin (cianometahemoglobin), serum ferritin (ELISA), socioeconomic status (Graffar-Méndez-Castellano), housing conditions, number of families and of people cohabitating in the same household, and quality of services. 78.8% of the children were infected with Hp, witch was significantly correlated with age but not gender. 25.9% of the sample had undernutrition, and 46.5% were stunted. 98.1% of the families lived in poverty, and 98% of the households showed sanitary deficiencies. A mean of 6.0 +/- 2.4 persons lived in each household (range: 2-15), and an average of 3.2 person shared bedrooms. The odds of being infected were higher in those children who were stunted. Also, socioeconomic status, mother's education level, and poor hosing conditions were significantly associated to being infected. Hpylori is highly prevalent among socially and economically deprived children, and age, overcrowding, and a low education level of the mother increases the risk of being infected.
Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Estado Nutricional , Pobreza , Ureia/análise , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Testes Respiratórios , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Escolaridade , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição por Sexo , Vacinação , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Food fortification has been shown to be an effective strategy to overcome iron malnutrition. When a new iron compound is developed for this purpose, it must be evaluated from a nutritional and technological point of view before adding it into foods. In this way, we have evaluated ferrous gluconate stabilized by glycine as a new iron source to be used in wheat flour fortification. We performed biological studies in rats as well as sensory perceptions by human subjects in wheat flour fortified with this iron source. The productions of pentane as a rancidity indicator as well as the change of the sensorial properties of the biscuits made with stabilized ferrous gluconate-fortified wheat flour were negligible. Iron absorption in water from this iron source was similar to the reference standard ferrous sulfate. Nevertheless, because of the phytic acid content, iron absorption from fortified wheat flour decrease 40% for both iron sources. The addition of zinc from different sources did not modify iron absorption from ferrous sulfate and stabilized ferrous gluconate in water and wheat flour. The iron absorption mechanism as well as the biodistribution studies demonstrate that the biological behavior of this iron source does not differ significantly from the reference standard. These results demonstrate that the iron source under study has adequate properties to be used in wheat flour fortification. Nevertheless, more research is needed before considering this iron source for its massive use in food fortification.
Assuntos
Compostos Férricos/farmacologia , Alimentos Fortificados , Radioisótopos de Ferro/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cromatografia , Feminino , Compostos Férricos/química , Farinha , Gluconatos/química , Glicina/química , Ferro/metabolismo , Ferro da Dieta , Masculino , Pentanos/química , Percepção , Ácido Fítico/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Padrões de Referência , Paladar , Fatores de Tempo , Sulfato de Zinco/químicaRESUMO
The aim of the study was to determine the relative bioavailability of zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine in a Petit Suisse cheese from an infant dessert. Weight gain and bone zinc content were the nutritional responses evaluated for the diets of different zinc content: 2 ppm (basal) and 5, 10, and 30 ppm from zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine and zinc sulfate. Nonlinear regression analysis of the fitted curves for weight gain determined a relative zinc bioavailability of 100% for the Y
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Queijo/análise , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/farmacocinética , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Fêmur/anatomia & histologia , Fêmur/química , Gluconatos/administração & dosagem , Glicina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Sulfato de Zinco/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Fortification of a Petit Suisse cheese with zinc sulfate and zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine was used as a tool to overcome zinc-deficiency effects on total-body growth and skeletal growth. Animals were divided in 4 groups of 10 rats: basal (B), control (C), depletion-repletion 1 (DR1), and depletion-repletion 2 (DR2). These four groups were fed with four diets: basal (2 ppm Zn), control (30 ppm Zn), DR1, and DR2; they received a basal diet for 14 d and a control diet for the other 14 d of the experiment, using zinc sulfate for DR1 and zinc gluconate stabilized with glycine for DR2. After 28 d of the experiment, total-body weight and weight gain of the control and DR1 and DR2 animals were not statistically different (p<0.05), Femur weight and femur zinc content of DR1 and DR2 did not achieve the values of control animals (p<0.05), but they were higher than that of basal animals. Our results show that restoration of dietary zinc levels by means of food fortification normalized weight gain, as an indicator of total-body growth, and presented a trend to normalize bone weight, as a marker of skeletal growth, in young rats and independently of the zinc source used.