RESUMO

During scaling of fermentations, choosing a bioreactor is fundamental to ensure the product's quality. This study aims to produce bioherbicides using Trichoderma koningiopsis fermentation, evaluating process parameters in an Airlift bioreactor. As a response, we quantified the production of enzymes involved in the bioherbicide activity (amylase, cellulase, laccase, lipase, and peroxidase). In addition, it evaluated the agronomic efficiency of the fermented extract optimized through tests that promoted soybean growth and nodulation, soybean seed germination, and in vitro phytopathogen control. As a result of optimizing the scaling bioprocess, it was possible to obtain an adequate fermentation condition, which, when applied to soybean seeds, had beneficial effects on their growth. It allowed the production of an enzyme cocktail. These results add a crucial biotechnological potential factor for the success of the optimized formulation in the Airlift bioreactor, in addition to presenting relevant results for the scientific community.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This review aimed to show that bioherbicides are possible in organic agriculture as natural compounds from fungi and metabolites produced by them. It is discussed that new formulations must be developed to improve field stability and enable the commercialization of microbial herbicides. Due to these bottlenecks, it is crucial to advance the bioprocesses behind the formulation and fermentation of bio-based herbicides, scaling up, strategies for field application, and the potential of bioherbicides in the global market. In this sense, it proposed insights for modern agriculture based on sustainable development and circular economy, precisely the formulation, scale-up, and field application of microbial bioherbicides.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the bioherbicidal potential of wild fungi grown on microalgal biomass from the digestate treatment of biogas production. Four fungal isolates were used and the extracts were evaluated for the activity of different enzymes and characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The bioherbicidal activity was assessed by application on Cucumis sativus, and the leaf damage was visually estimated. The microorganisms showed potential as agents producing an enzyme pool. The obtained fungal extracts presented different organic compounds, most acids, and when applied to Cucumis sativus, showed high levels of leaf damage (80-100 ± 3.00%, deviation relative to the observed average damage). Therefore, the microbial strains are potential biological control agents of weeds, which, together with the microalgae biomass, offer the appropriate conditions to obtain an enzyme pool of biotechnological relevance and with favorable characteristics to be explored as bioherbicides, addressing aspects within the environmental sustainability.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Bacteriophages are bacterial-specific viruses and the most abundant biological form on Earth. Each bacterial species possesses one or multiple bacteriophages and the specificity of infection makes them a promising alternative for bacterial control and environmental safety, as a biotechnological tool against pathogenic bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. This application can be either directly into foods and food-related environments as biocontrol agents of biofilm formation. In addition, bacteriophages are used for microbial source-tracking and as fecal indicators. The present review will focus on the uses of bacteriophages like bacterial control tools, environmental safety indicators as well as on their contribution to bacterial control in human, animal, and environmental health.

RESUMO

The hemicellulosic fraction recovery is of interest for integrated processes in biorefineries, considering the possibility of high economic value products produced from their structural compounds of this polysaccharide. However, to perform an efficient recovery, it is necessary to use biomass fractionation techniques, and hydrothermal pretreatment is highlighted as a valuable technique in the hemicellulose recovery by applying high temperatures and pressure, causing dissolution of the structure. Considering the possibility of this pretreatment technique for current approaches to hemicellulose recovery, this article aimed to explore the relevance of hydrothermal pretreatment techniques (sub and supercritical water) as a strategy for recovering the hemicellulosic fraction from lignocellulosic biomass. Discussions about potential products to be generated, current market profile, and perspectives and challenges of applying the technique are also addressed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ethanol production by Wickerhamomyces sp. using soybean straw and hull hydrolysates obtained by subcritical water hydrolysis and, afterward, the biogas production using the fermented hydrolysates. Ethanol was produced using the straw and hull hydrolysates diluted and supplement with glucose, reaching 5.57 ± 0.01 g/L and 6.11 ± 0.11 g/L, respectively. The fermentation in a bioreactor with changing the pH to 7.0 allowed achieving maximum ethanol production of 4.03 and 3.60 g/L for straw and hull hydrolysates at 24 h, respectively. The biogas productions obtained for the fermented hydrolysates of straw with and without changing the pH were 739 ± 37 and 652 ± 34 NmL/gVSad, respectively. The fermented hydrolysate of hull without changing the pH presented 620 ± 26 NmL/gVSad. The soybean residues produced biofuels, indicating these residues show potential as raw material for renewable energy production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Seawater (SW) and wastewater from shrimp production (WSP) were used as a solvent for the fermentation of papaya residues (Carica papaya) by Wickerhamomyces sp. UFFS-CE-3.1.2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CAT-1. For comparative purposes and evaluation of the effect of salinity, ultrapure water (UW) was used as control. Fermentative parameters were evaluated in Plackett-Burman planning to assess ethanol production's significant variables. Urea supplementation was the only variable not significant for the proposed process, suggesting that papaya residues contain all the nutrients needed for fermentation. The experiments conducted with the different water sources resulted in similar concentrations of ethanol. Maximum ethanol concentration was obtained after nine h of fermentation usingWickerhamomycessp. UFFS-CE-3.1.2 (27.31 ± 1.40 g L-1) and 12 h using S. cerevisiaeCAT-1 (24.53 ± 0.68 g L-1). This study demonstrated that SW and WSP could replace freshwater without affecting ethanol production. Papaya residues from the fruit and vegetable sectors can be considered a promising substrate source for ethanol production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Emerging contaminants (ECs) include endocrine-disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals (lipid regulators, antibiotics, diuretics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, stimulant drugs, antiseptics, analgesic, beta blockers), detergents, disinfectants, and personal care products. The residues from these compounds have become a concerning because of their bioactive presence on environmental matrices, especially water bodies. The development of technologies, aiming the secure and efficient removal of these compounds from the environment or event to remove them before they achieve the environment, is necessary. In these context, the present review is about promising eco-friendly, low-cost and specially applied, including biological processes using microalgae, bacteria, enzymes produced by fungi, and adsorbent materials such as those recycled from other processes waste. The processes where revised considering the removal mechanism and the efficiency rate.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Renewable energy can assist the management of the effects of population growth and rapid economic development on the sustainability of animal husbandry. The primary aim of renewable energy is to minimize the use of fossil fuels via the creation of environmentally friendly energy products from depleted fossil fuels. Digesters that treat swine manure are extensively used in treatment systems; and inclusion of swine carcasses can increase the organic loading rate (OLR) thereby improving biogas yield and productivity on farms. However, the characteristics of the components including animal residues, proteins, lipids, remains of undigested feed items, antimicrobial drug residues, pathogenic microorganisms and nutrient contents, are complex and diverse. It is therefore necessary to manage the anaerobic process stability and digestate purification for subsequent use as fertilizer. Efficient methane recovery from residues rich in lipids is difficult because such residues are only slowly biodegradable. Pretreatment can promote solubilization of lipids and accelerate anaerobic digestion, and pretreatments can process the swine carcass before its introduction onto biodigesters. This review presents an overview of the anaerobic digestion of swine manure and carcasses. We analyze the characteristics of these residues, and we identify strategies to enhance biogas yield and process stability. We consider energy potential, co-digestion of swine manure and carcasses, physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment of biomass, sanitary aspects of swine manure and co-digestates and their recycling as fertilizers.

RESUMO

Technological processes mediated by microorganisms and enzymes are promising alternatives for treatment of recalcitrant residues. Keratinases hydrolyze keratin, the primary component of some wastes generated in many industrial activities. The present study was designed to evaluate strategies for obtaining keratinases produced by fungi using submerged fermentation and two residues as substrates, chicken feathers and swine hair. Two fungi isolated from feather residues showed potential for keratinase production, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus sp. These were subjected to submerged fermentation using chicken feathers and swine hair prepared in three conditions (microbial concentration reduction, sterilization and hydrogen peroxide). The residual mass was quantified and tested for keratinase production. The most potent enzymatic extract was used in the precipitation technique with salts and organic solvents. The best results of enzymatic activity were obtained using F. oxysporum, on the 6thday of fermentation, obtaining 243.25 U mL-1 using sterilized swine hair as the substrate. Aspergillus sp. showed the highest keratinolytic activity on the 9thday, 113.50 U mL-1 using feathers as the substrate. The highest degradation percentage was 59.20% (w/w) in swine hair and the precipitation technique, with relative activities close to 50%. The results are promising for the application of residues and microorganisms in biotechnological processes of economic and environmental interest.