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Campylobacter jejuni causa principalmente enteritis disenteriforme; los casos debidos a C. fetus son raros, mayormente bacteriemiaen inmunosuprimidos. Presentamos dos casos de enfermedad diarreica con bacteriemia, ambos con hemorragia digestiva,debida a C. jejuni, un caso inusual de infección de anerurisma de la arteria femoral y un caso de bacteriemia recurrente conprobable foco en marcapasos en un anciano sin otro factor de inmunosupresión, los dos últimos debidos a C. fetus. Todos lospacientes tuvieron evolución favorable. Recomendamos prestar atención a los hemocultivos que resulten positivos para efectuarlos subcultivos adecuados para recuperar, identificar y determinar la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de este tipo de bacterias microaerofílicas.

Campylobacter jejuni often causes enteritis; cases due to C. fetus are rare: it causes mostly bacteremia in patients with immunosuppression.We present two cases of diarrheal disease with bacteremia, both with gastrointestinal bleeding due to C. jejuni, an unusual case ofC. fetus infection of an aneurysm in the femoral artery, and one case of recurrent C. fetus bacteremia with probably focus in apacemaker in an elderly patient without another cause of immunosuppression. All patients had a favorable evolution. We recommendspecial attention to the positive blood cultures in order to recover and identify this type of microaerophilic bacteria, and determineantimicrobial susceptibility.

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Staphylococcus aureus (SA) causa infecciones graves. Las debidas a cepas resistentes a meticilina representan undesafío terapéutico. Actualmente hay un aumento de casos de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos con inusitadagravedad debidas a S. aureus meticilinorresistentes adquiridos en la comunidad (SAMR AC) pero se desconoce latasa de colonización de la población sana en nuestro medio. El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar la portación nasal en grupos de deportistas y personas que habitan en residencias de ancianos. Se tomaron hisopados nasales de 332 personas, 180 alojados en 4 residencias de ancianos y 152 de 7 grupos de deportistas, los cuales fueron extraídos, conservados y cultivados por los métodos convencionales. La caracterización molecular fue efectuada por PCR buscando el tipo de cassette cromosómico estafilocócico con el gen mecA (SCCmecA) y el gen que codifica la leucocidina de Panton-Valentine. Se asiló SA en 83 pacientes (25%), de los cuales 40 fueron SA meticilinosensibles (21,1%) y 13 SAMR (3,9%). Ocho casos fueron clasificados fenotípicamente y genotípicamente como SAMR AC (2,4%). Todos tenían SCCmecA tipo IV. Es necesaria una atenta vigilancia ya que las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos de la comunidad no deberían ser tratadas con antibióticos betalactámicos (AU)

Staphylococcus aureus isolates are common causes of skin and soft tissue infections and other invasive infections. Those due to methicillin resistant strains represent a therapeutic challenge. Currently there is an increase in cases due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) but the rate of colonization of the healthy population is unknown in our country. The purpose of this study was to determine nasal carriage in sportsmen and people living in nursing homes in Rosario. Nasal swabs of 101 people staying in 4 nursing homes and of 98 from 7 groups of athletes were obtained. The samples were extracted, preserved, and cultured by conventional methods. PCR was performed in order to study the type of staphylococcal chromosome cassette mecA (SCCmecA) gene and the gene encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. S. aureus was isolated in 48 patients (24.1%), of which 40 were methicillin-sensitive S. Aureus (20.1 %), and 8 methicillin resistant S. aureus (4.0%). Five cases were characterized phenotypically and genotypically as CA-MRSA (2.5%). All of them had type IV SCCmecA. Careful surveillance is required because skin and soft tissue infections in the community should not be treated with beta-lactam antibiotics (AU)

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Staphylococcus aureus (SA) causa infecciones graves. Las debidas a cepas resistentes a meticilina representan undesafío terapéutico. Actualmente hay un aumento de casos de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos con inusitadagravedad debidas a S. aureus meticilinorresistentes adquiridos en la comunidad (SAMR AC) pero se desconoce latasa de colonización de la población sana en nuestro medio. El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar la portación nasal en grupos de deportistas y personas que habitan en residencias de ancianos. Se tomaron hisopados nasales de 332 personas, 180 alojados en 4 residencias de ancianos y 152 de 7 grupos de deportistas, los cuales fueron extraídos, conservados y cultivados por los métodos convencionales. La caracterización molecular fue efectuada por PCR buscando el tipo de cassette cromosómico estafilocócico con el gen mecA (SCCmecA) y el gen que codifica la leucocidina de Panton-Valentine. Se asiló SA en 83 pacientes (25%), de los cuales 40 fueron SA meticilinosensibles (21,1%) y 13 SAMR (3,9%). Ocho casos fueron clasificados fenotípicamente y genotípicamente como SAMR AC (2,4%). Todos tenían SCCmecA tipo IV. Es necesaria una atenta vigilancia ya que las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos de la comunidad no deberían ser tratadas con antibióticos betalactámicos

Staphylococcus aureus isolates are common causes of skin and soft tissue infections and other invasive infections. Those due to methicillin resistant strains represent a therapeutic challenge. Currently there is an increase in cases due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) but the rate of colonization of the healthy population is unknown in our country. The purpose of this study was to determine nasal carriage in sportsmen and people living in nursing homes in Rosario. Nasal swabs of 101 people staying in 4 nursing homes and of 98 from 7 groups of athletes were obtained. The samples were extracted, preserved, and cultured by conventional methods. PCR was performed in order to study the type of staphylococcal chromosome cassette mecA (SCCmecA) gene and the gene encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. S. aureus was isolated in 48 patients (24.1%), of which 40 were methicillin-sensitive S. Aureus (20.1 %), and 8 methicillin resistant S. aureus (4.0%). Five cases were characterized phenotypically and genotypically as CA-MRSA (2.5%). All of them had type IV SCCmecA. Careful surveillance is required because skin and soft tissue infections in the community should not be treated with beta-lactam antibiotics

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INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the clinical significance of the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in urine samples. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on adult patients identified from a microbiology database in a 200-bed general hospital between the years 2000 and 2009. The demographic data, comorbidities, and risk factors, were reviewed, particularly those associated with the concomitant isolation of S.aureus in blood cultures. RESULTS: The frequency of S.aureus found in urine samples was 0.63%. A total of 43 patients (mean age 68.7 years [SD±16], and 58.1% males) were identified in the database. A Charlson comorbidity index >3 was observed in 20.9%. Concurrent bacteremia was seen in 48.8%. Two groups of patients were distinguished: with concomitant bacteremia (n=21) or without (n=22). Intervention in the urinary tract significantly predicted (P=.00004) bacteriuria without bacteremia (81.8%), compared to bacteremia cases (19%). The attributable mortality was 47.6% in patients with bacteremia compared to non-bacteremia (no deaths), even though the appropriate antibiotic treatment was more frequent among patients with bacteremia (92% and 60%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The presence of S.aureus in urine was accompanied by bacteremia in half of the cases, but in patients without previous urinary tract intervention such a possibility increased to 81%. Concomitant bacteremia predicts a worse prognosis even with appropriate treatment.

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We describe two cases of surgical site infections due to Mycobacterium fortuitum after plastic surgery. Both patients were assisted by the same surgeon on differents hospitals. Both patients received combined antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement or multiple aspirative punctures. The final evolutions were satisfactory.

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Eight quinolone resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease were compared with 23 isolates from chicken and from laying hens. Samples were cultured on selective agar in microaerophilia, identified by conventional tests, and conserved in 17% glycerol at -70 C. Clones were determined by RAPD-PCR employing the 1254 primer (Stern NJ). Five patterns were obtained. Patterns I, II, and V were found in both poultry and human isolates. Pattern I was obtained from poultry in a domestic henhouse. Pattern III was only obtained from humans whereas pattern IV was only obtained from poultry. A 95.3% of clones were found in both, humans and poultry. According to these results colonization by quinolone resistant strains could be the origin of this human infection, acquired by ingestion.

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Se compararon 8 aislamientos de Campylobacter jejuni provenientes de humanos con enfermedad diarreica aguda, con 23 aislamientos de cloaca de gallinas y pollos obtenidos de zonas próximas a la ciudad de Rosario, todos resistentes a la ciprofloxacina. Las muestras se sembraron en agar selectivo y se incubaron en microaerofilia a 42 °C. Las colonias se identificaron con el método tradicional. Los aislamientos se conservaron a -70 °C en caldo cerebro corazón con 17% v/v de glicerina. La clonalidad se determinó por RAPD-PCR, utilizando el primer 1254 (Stern NJ). Se interpretaron los aislamientos como clones distintos cuando diferían en una banda de amplificación. Se obtuvieron 5 clones diferentes. Los patrones I, II y V fueron aislados en criaderos industriales de pollos y en humanos (el II también en un establecimiento de gallinas ponedoras de huevos). En un gallinero familiar se obtuvo el patrón I. El patrón III sólo se obtuvo de humanos. El patrón IV se halló en uno de los criaderos pero no en humanos. Se pudo determinar que 93.5% de las cepas se aislaron tanto de animales como de humanos, por lo que se considera posible que la colonización de criaderos con cepas resistentes a los antimicrobianos pudiera ser el origen de la infección de humanos.

Eight quinolone resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease were compared with 23 isolates from chicken and from laying hens. Samples were cultured on selective agar in microaerophilia, identified by conventional tests, and conserved in 17% glycerol at -70 °C. Clones were determined by RAPD-PCR employing the 1254 primer (Stern NJ). Five patterns were obtained. Patterns I, II, and V were found in both poultry and human isolates. Pattern I was obtained from poultry in a domestic henhouse. Pattern III was only obtained from humans whereas pattern IV was only obtained from poultry. A 95.3% of clones were found in both, humans and poultry. According to these results colonization by quinolone resistant strains could be the origin of this human infection, acquired by ingestion.

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Campylobacter is an important agent of illness in human beings. Bacteremia occurs principally in the immunocompromissed host and is frequently due to C. fetus. Nevertheless bacteremia also has been observed in patients with enteritis due to C. jejuni. We refer two cases of patients with severe enteritis and bacteremia, both of them with immunosupressive concomitant diseases such as nephrotic syndrome and chronic cirrotic hepatopathy. Both patients presented hemathemesis.

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BACKGROUND: To assess the relationship between ciprofloxacin use and the prevalence of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Semestral mean values regarding use of antibiotic and prevalence of ESBL Kp were compared during 9 semesters using linear regression and coefficient of correlation. RESULTS: The only statistically significant correlation was ciprofloxacin use and ESBL(+) K. pneumoniae prevalence, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.86 and p = 0.0027 using linear regression. CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofloxacin use must be taking into account when considering infection control programs due to high prevalence rates of ESBL(+) K. pneumoniae in the hospital setting.

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Background: To assess the relationship between ciprofloxacin use and the prevalence of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patients and Methods: Semestral mean values regarding use of antibiotic and prevalence of ESBL Kp were compared during 9 semesters using linear regression and coefficient of correlation. Results: The only statistically significant correlation was ciprofloxacin use and ESBL(+) K. pneumoniae prevalence, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.86 and p = 0.0027 using linear regression. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin use must be taking into account when considering infection control programs due to high prevalence rates of ESBL(+) K. pneumoniae in the hospital setting.

Fundamento: Evaluar la correlación entre el consumo de cefalosporinas de tercera generación y ciprofloxacina con la prevalencia de cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae productoras de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE). Pacientes y Métodos: Los valores promedios semestrales, correspondientes a consumo y prevalencia se compararon durante 9 semestres, usando coeficiente de correlación y regresión lineal. Resultados: La única asociación que resultó estadísticamente significativa, fue la correspondiente al consumo de ciprofloxacina y K. pneumoniae BLEE (+), con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,86 y una p de 0,0027, en el análisis de regresión lineal. Conclusiones: El consumo de ciprofloxacina debe ser tenido en cuenta al momento de establecer programas de control de infecciones frente a elevadas tasas de prevalencia de K. pneumoniae productoras de BLEE en un hospital.

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