RESUMO
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is a neglected disease endemic to some Latin American countries, including Brazil. Soon after infection, individuals develop an acute phase, which in most cases is asymptomatic and may go undetected. However, when CD is detected early, notification in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), is mandatory. This study aimed to evaluate the information registered in the SINAN database and to determine the epidemiological profile of acute CD in Northeast Brazil, an endemic region, from 2001 to 2021. According to this survey, 1,444 cases of acute CD were reported in the Northeastern region of Brazil during this period. During the first six years, referred to as period 1, 90.24% of the notifications were registered, while the number of notifications significantly decreased in the subsequent years, referred to as period 2. Most individuals diagnosed with acute CD were Afro-Brazilian adults. All known routes of infection by the parasite were reported. Vector-borne transmission was predominant during period 1 (73.29%) and oral transmission during period 2 (58.87%). All nine states in Northeast Brazil reported cases in both periods. A higher incidence of disease was reported in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) during period 1, and in Maranhão (MA) during period 2. Our results show that CD remains a significant public health challenge.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Lactente , Idoso , Incidência , Trypanosoma cruzi , Doença Aguda/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Orthobunyavirus oropouche ense virus (OROV), the causative agent of Oropouche fever, is widely dispersed in Brazil and South America, causing sporadic outbreaks. Due to the similarity of initial clinical symptoms caused by OROV with other arboviruses found in overlapping geographical areas, differential diagnosis is challenging. As for most neglected tropical diseases, there is a shortage of reagents for diagnosing and studying OROV pathogenesis. We therefore developed and characterized mouse monoclonal antibodies and, one of them recognizes the OROV nucleocapsid in indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Considering that it is the first monoclonal antibody produced for detecting OROV infections, we believe that it will be useful not only for diagnostic purposes but also for performing serological surveys and epidemiological surveillance on the dispersion and prevalence of OROV in Brazil and South America.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Animais , Camundongos , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/diagnóstico , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Mayaro virus is an emerging arbovirus that causes nonspecific febrile illness or arthralgia syndromes similar to the Chikungunya virus, a virus closely related from the Togaviridae family. MAYV outbreaks occur more frequently in the northern and central-western states of Brazil; however, in recent years, virus circulation has been spreading to other regions. Due to the undifferentiated initial clinical symptoms between MAYV and other endemic pathogenic arboviruses with geographic overlapping, identification of patients infected by MAYV might be underreported. Additionally, the lack of specific prophylactic approaches or antiviral drugs limits the pharmacological management of patients to treat symptoms like pain and inflammation, as is the case with most pathogenic alphaviruses. In this context, this review aims to present the state-of-the-art regarding the screening and development of compounds/molecules which may present anti-MAYV activity and infection inhibition.
Assuntos
Infecções por Alphavirus , Alphavirus , Arbovírus , Vírus Chikungunya , Alphavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Vírus Chikungunya/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , HumanosRESUMO
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a self-limiting disease characterized by the onset of fever, skin rash and persistent arthralgia. In the last decade, it has emerged as a serious public health problem causing several outbreaks around the world. Here, we report the CHIKV genotype characterization during the 2016 CHIKV outbreak in Alagoas State, Brazil. Partial E1 sequence from CHIKV-positive samples coming from different cities of Alagoas were submitted to DNA sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis thus characterizing the virus genotype. The circulating CHIKV virus in Alagoas during 2016 outbreak belongs to the East-Central South African genotype. In this way, virus genotyping to monitoring the spread of CHIKV is needed to continued surveillance supporting the development of prevention strategies, mainly in endemic areas of mosquitoes and arboviruses co-circulation.
Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/virologia , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Genótipo , Brasil , Febre de Chikungunya/sangue , DNA Viral/sangue , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Filogenia , RNA Viral/sangue , Chuva , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estações do Ano , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is rare in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective surveillance was conducted over a two-year period in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The prevalence of anti-hantavirus N-antigen IgM and IgG in human serum samples was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. RESULTS: High avidity IgG was found in nine of 476 serum samples tested (from 102 patients with clinical manifestations compatible with HCPS, 124 patients with leptospirosis, and 250 healthy rural workers). CONCLUSIONS: Serologic evidence of past hantavirus infection in residents of Alagoas State indicates that hantaviruses are present in northeastern Brazil, even in areas silent for HCPS.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , População Rural , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is rare in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Prospective surveillance was conducted over a two-year period in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The prevalence of anti-hantavirus N-antigen IgM and IgG in human serum samples was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. RESULTS: High avidity IgG was found in nine of 476 serum samples tested (from 102 patients with clinical manifestations compatible with HCPS, 124 patients with leptospirosis, and 250 healthy rural workers). CONCLUSIONS: Serologic evidence of past hantavirus infection in residents of Alagoas State indicates that hantaviruses are present in northeastern Brazil, even in areas silent for HCPS.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , População Rural , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is a severe human disease associated with hantavirus infection. The clinical course of illness varies greatly among individuals, possibly due to viral and immunological elements and the influence of host genetic factors on clinical outcome. As the magnitude of immune activation has been associated with disease severity, polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response that may affect the development of this syndrome were investigated. Polymorphisms in the TGF-ß, IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-γ genes, human leukocyte antigens (HLA), and human platelet alloantigens (HPA) genes were investigated in 122 patients with Araraquara virus infection from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Patients were divided into two groups: hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS group; n = 26) and hantavirus seropositive only (n = 96). The frequencies of HLA alleles, cytokines and platelet antigen genotypes were evaluated in both groups and compared to a control group. The data demonstrated no significant influence of the HLA alleles, HPA, IL-6, and IL-10 genotypes on susceptibility to hantavirus infection. However, the hantavirus seropositive group presented a significantly higher frequency of a polymorphism associated with a high IFN-γ production than the HCPS group. In addition, a genotype associated with high TGF-ß production was found more frequently in individuals infected with hantavirus than in the control group. This phenotype was associated with a less intense thrombocytopenia in the HCPS group and may be protective against the most severe form of hantavirus disease. More studies are required to quantify further the influence of the high TGF-ß producer phenotype on the outcome of hantavirus infection.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Plaquetas Humanas/genética , Citocinas/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Rodent-borne hantaviruses cause severe human diseases. We completed a serological survey of hantavirus infection in rural inhabitants of Turvo County, in the southern State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in which seropositivity for hantavirus was correlated to previous disease in the participants. METHODS: The levels of IgG antibodies to hantavirus Araraquara in the sera of 257 individuals were determined using an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: IgG antibodies to hantavirus were found in 2.3% of the participants. All seropositive participants reported previous disease with symptoms suggestive of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Human infections causing unreported cardiopulmonary syndrome probably occur in the southern State of Santa Catarina.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , População RuralRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Rodent-borne hantaviruses cause severe human diseases. We completed a serological survey of hantavirus infection in rural inhabitants of Turvo County, in the southern State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in which seropositivity for hantavirus was correlated to previous disease in the participants. METHODS: The levels of IgG antibodies to hantavirus Araraquara in the sera of 257 individuals were determined using an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: IgG antibodies to hantavirus were found in 2.3 percent of the participants. All seropositive participants reported previous disease with symptoms suggestive of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Human infections causing unreported cardiopulmonary syndrome probably occur in the southern State of Santa Catarina.
INTRODUÇÃO: Hantaviroses são zoonoses de roedores silvestres que causam doenças graves em seres humanos. Este trabalho mostra inquérito sorológico para hantavírus em população rural e periurbana do município de Turvo, Estado de Santa Catarina e a correlação da presença de anticorpos anti-hantavírus com a história mórbida pregressa dos indivíduos. MÉTODOS: Investigaram-se os 257 participantes do estudo quanto à presença de anticorpos IgG séricos anti-hantavírus Araraquara, por método imunoenzimático. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anticorpos anti-hantavírus na população foi de 2,3 por cento. Os soropositivos possuíam antecedente nosológico sugestivo de hantavirose pregressa. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados mostram a ocorrência de infecções por hantavírus no extremo sul de Santa Catarina.
Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Prevalência , População RuralRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of adverse effects and protective effects from influenza vaccine among elderly individuals who were vaccinated through the public healthcare system in the municipality of Tubarão, State of Santa Catarina. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted between May and September 2008. A group of 341 patients was recruited, among whom 289 had been vaccinated through the public system (VSUS) and 52 had not been vaccinated (NV). The incidence of protective effects was observed by comparing the VSUS and NV groups. RESULTS: It was observed that 22.5% of the vaccinated subjects exhibited at least one adverse effect. Comparing the VSUS and NV groups in relation to the incidence of flu symptoms presented during the winter, at least one symptom was observed in 47% and 28.8% (RR = 1.11; 1.02-1.22; p = 0.0156), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the incidence of adverse effects was low. The high incidence of flu symptoms in the VSUS group, in comparison with NV, may be related to the profile of subjects who are in the habit of getting vaccinated against influenza.