RESUMO
Background: More recently, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements have been used in grazing beef herds inattempt to influence specific metabolic pathways and hormones that directly modulate reproductive function. Supplementation of calcium salts of PUFA can positively influence ovarian follicular growth, luteal function, and improve reproductiveperformance in dairy and beef females. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate strategies of dietary treatments usingPUFA supplementation for 30 days before or after FTAI protocol and its effects on of ovulatory follicle size, ovulation,pregnancy and gestational losses rates in beef heifers.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and ninety-nine Brangus heifers (24 ± 3 months-old; BW= 320 ± 15 kg;BCS= 2.85 ± 0.17) were randomly assigned in three different groups to receive dietary treatments. Group 1 (n = 70) wasfed with 0.5 kg/day of a protein-mineral mixture supplement containing 0.2 kg/day PUFA (Mix A) during 30 days before FTAI, Group 2 (n = 68) received the same supplement 30 days after FTAI and Control (n = 61) only the supplementwithout PUFA (Mix B) during all period. Heifers were submitted to estrous synchronization treatment using progesterone(P4), estradiol benzoate (E2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF). Ultrasound exams were done to measure ovulatory folliclediameter and to determinate ovulation and pregnancy rates on Days 30 and 60 after FTAI. Daily gain (DG) was higher (P< 0.05) only when heifers received supplement containing PUFA (Group 1= 30 days prior FTAI) and (Group 2= 30 daysafter FTAI). PUFA supplementation before FTAI also resulted in larger ovulatory follicles diameter (P < 0.05) in Group1 (11.2 ± 2.5 mm) compared to Group 2 (9.9 ± 2.3 mm) and Control (10.0 ± 2.07 mm). Ovulation rates were similar (P >0.05) in Group 1 (90%), Group 2 (75%) and Control (67%). Pregnancy rates were higher (P < 0.05) in Group 1 (Day 30=67.1% and...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Reprodução , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: More recently, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements have been used in grazing beef herds inattempt to influence specific metabolic pathways and hormones that directly modulate reproductive function. Supplementation of calcium salts of PUFA can positively influence ovarian follicular growth, luteal function, and improve reproductiveperformance in dairy and beef females. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate strategies of dietary treatments usingPUFA supplementation for 30 days before or after FTAI protocol and its effects on of ovulatory follicle size, ovulation,pregnancy and gestational losses rates in beef heifers.Materials, Methods & Results: One hundred and ninety-nine Brangus heifers (24 ± 3 months-old; BW= 320 ± 15 kg;BCS= 2.85 ± 0.17) were randomly assigned in three different groups to receive dietary treatments. Group 1 (n = 70) wasfed with 0.5 kg/day of a protein-mineral mixture supplement containing 0.2 kg/day PUFA (Mix A) during 30 days before FTAI, Group 2 (n = 68) received the same supplement 30 days after FTAI and Control (n = 61) only the supplementwithout PUFA (Mix B) during all period. Heifers were submitted to estrous synchronization treatment using progesterone(P4), estradiol benzoate (E2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF). Ultrasound exams were done to measure ovulatory folliclediameter and to determinate ovulation and pregnancy rates on Days 30 and 60 after FTAI. Daily gain (DG) was higher (P0.05) in Group 1 (90%), Group 2 (75%) and Control (67%). Pregnancy rates were higher (P < 0.05) in Group 1 (Day 30=67.1% and...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Reprodução , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/uso terapêutico , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/veterináriaRESUMO
Abstract The South region of Brazil differs from the others due to its high milk production rates. Production heterogeneity, climate and soil diversity, and environmental and socioeconomic circumstances contribute to differentiate political-administrative regions. In this study, we aimed to spatialize the production, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that best discriminate bovine milk production in the states of the South of Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed to discriminate both the studied variables and the mesoregion and cities of these states. The Western Catarinense and Northwestern Rio-grandense mesoregions showed the highest production indices, but they were discriminated at a low level (35.76 %). The formation of clusters showed that Casca, Marau, and Santo Cristo from the Northwestern Rio-grandense and Concordia, Coronel Freitas, Palmitos, and São Lourenço do Oeste from the Western Catarinense mesoregion had higher production indices. The municipal clusters were discriminated at a high level by production (98.24%) and by environmental and socioeconomic (72.75%) factors. Production variables were the most important for local clusters discrimination. The specificities and peculiarities to each region were evidenced through the heterogeneity of production and environmental and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement specific technological innovations to each region to maximize productive efficiency and minimize adverse environmental effects in dairy herds.
Resumo A região Sul se diferencia das demais por ter maior produtividade de leite. A heterogeneidade da produção, a diversidade edafoclimática e ambiental, e as distintas realidades socioeconômicas contribuem para diferenciar as regiões político-administrativas. Objetivou-se espacializar os fatores produtivos e os fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos que melhor discriminam a produção de leite de vaca nos estados do Sul do Brasil. Análises multivariadas foram realizadas para discriminar tanto as variáveis em estudo quanto as mesorregiões e municípios destes estados. As mesorregiões Oeste Catarinense e Noroeste Rio-grandense apresentaram os melhores índices de produção, mas foram discriminadas em baixo nível (35,76%). A formação de cluster por municípios mostrou que Casca, Marau e Santo Cristo da mesorregião Noroeste Rio-grandense e Concórdia, Coronel Freitas, Palmitos e São Lourenço do Oeste da mesorregião Oeste Catarinense apresentaram melhores índices produtivos. Os clusters municipais foram discriminados em alto nível pelos fatores produtivos (98,24%) e pelos fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos (72.75%). As variáveis produtivas foram as mais importantes na discriminação dos clusters municipais. As especificidades e peculiaridades específicas a cada região foram evidenciadas por meio da heterogeneidade dos fatores produtivos, ambientais e socioeconômicos. Portanto, faz-se necessário conceber e implementar inovações tecnológicas específicas à cada região para maximizar a eficiência produtiva e minimizar os efeitos ambientais adversos em rebanhos leiteiros.
RESUMO
The South region of Brazil differs from the others due to its high milk production rates. Production heterogeneity, climate and soil diversity, and environmental and socioeconomic circumstances contribute to differentiate political-administrative regions. In this study, we aimed to spatialize the production, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that best discriminate bovine milk production in the states of the South of Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed to discriminate both the studied variables and the mesoregion and cities of these states. The Western Catarinense and Northwestern Rio-grandense mesoregions showed the highest production indices, but they were discriminated at a low level (35.76 %). The formation of clusters showed that Casca, Marau, and Santo Cristo from the Northwestern Rio-grandense and Concordia, Coronel Freitas, Palmitos, and São Lourenço do Oeste from the Western Catarinense mesoregion had higher production indices. The municipal clusters were discriminated at a high level by production (98.24%) and by environmental and socioeconomic (72.75%) factors. Production variables were the most important for local clusters discrimination. The specificities and peculiarities to each region were evidenced through the heterogeneity of production and environmental and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement specific technological innovations to each region to maximize productive efficiency and minimize adverse environmental effects in dairy herds.(AU)
A região Sul se diferencia das demais por ter maior produtividade de leite. A heterogeneidade da produção, a diversidade edafoclimática e ambiental, e as distintas realidades socioeconômicas contribuem para diferenciar as regiões político-administrativas. Objetivou-se espacializar os fatores produtivos e os fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos que melhor discriminam a produção de leite de vaca nos estados do Sul do Brasil. Análises multivariadas foram realizadas para discriminar tanto as variáveis em estudo quanto as mesorregiões e municípios destes estados. As mesorregiões Oeste Catarinense e Noroeste Rio-grandense apresentaram os melhores índices de produção, mas foram discriminadas em baixo nível (35,76%). A formação de cluster por municípios mostrou que Casca, Marau e Santo Cristo da mesorregião Noroeste Rio-grandense e Concórdia, Coronel Freitas, Palmitos e São Lourenço do Oeste da mesorregião Oeste Catarinense apresentaram melhores índices produtivos. Os clusters municipais foram discriminados em alto nível pelos fatores produtivos (98,24%) e pelos fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos (72.75%). As variáveis produtivas foram as mais importantes na discriminação dos clusters municipais. As especificidades e peculiaridades específicas a cada região foram evidenciadas por meio da heterogeneidade dos fatores produtivos, ambientais e socioeconômicos. Portanto, faz-se necessário conceber e implementar inovações tecnológicas específicas à cada região para maximizar a eficiência produtiva e minimizar os efeitos ambientais adversos em rebanhos leiteiros.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/tendências , Análise Espacial , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Análise MultivariadaRESUMO
The South region of Brazil differs from the others due to its high milk production rates. Production heterogeneity, climate and soil diversity, and environmental and socioeconomic circumstances contribute to differentiate political-administrative regions. In this study, we aimed to spatialize the production, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that best discriminate bovine milk production in the states of the South of Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed to discriminate both the studied variables and the mesoregion and cities of these states. The Western Catarinense and Northwestern Rio-grandense mesoregions showed the highest production indices, but they were discriminated at a low level (35.76 %). The formation of clusters showed that Casca, Marau, and Santo Cristo from the Northwestern Rio-grandense and Concordia, Coronel Freitas, Palmitos, and São Lourenço do Oeste from the Western Catarinense mesoregion had higher production indices. The municipal clusters were discriminated at a high level by production (98.24%) and by environmental and socioeconomic (72.75%) factors. Production variables were the most important for local clusters discrimination. The specificities and peculiarities to each region were evidenced through the heterogeneity of production and environmental and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement specific technological innovations to each region to maximize productive efficiency and minimize adverse environmental effects in dairy herds.
A região Sul se diferencia das demais por ter maior produtividade de leite. A heterogeneidade da produção, a diversidade edafoclimática e ambiental, e as distintas realidades socioeconômicas contribuem para diferenciar as regiões político-administrativas. Objetivou-se espacializar os fatores produtivos e os fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos que melhor discriminam a produção de leite de vaca nos estados do Sul do Brasil. Análises multivariadas foram realizadas para discriminar tanto as variáveis em estudo quanto as mesorregiões e municípios destes estados. As mesorregiões Oeste Catarinense e Noroeste Rio-grandense apresentaram os melhores índices de produção, mas foram discriminadas em baixo nível (35,76%). A formação de cluster por municípios mostrou que Casca, Marau e Santo Cristo da mesorregião Noroeste Rio-grandense e Concórdia, Coronel Freitas, Palmitos e São Lourenço do Oeste da mesorregião Oeste Catarinense apresentaram melhores índices produtivos. Os clusters municipais foram discriminados em alto nível pelos fatores produtivos (98,24%) e pelos fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos (72.75%). As variáveis produtivas foram as mais importantes na discriminação dos clusters municipais. As especificidades e peculiaridades específicas a cada região foram evidenciadas por meio da heterogeneidade dos fatores produtivos, ambientais e socioeconômicos. Portanto, faz-se necessário conceber e implementar inovações tecnológicas específicas à cada região para maximizar a eficiência produtiva e minimizar os efeitos ambientais adversos em rebanhos leiteiros.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Análise Espacial , Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Análise Multivariada , BrasilRESUMO
Background: The pregnancy rate in fixed-time insemination (FTAI) programs in beef cattle is affected by several factors, including the size of ovulatory follicle (OF). Induced ovulation of small OF (≤11 mm) reduces the chance of pregnancy after FTAI when compared to ovulation of larger follicles (≥12 mm). Hormonal treatments to enhance the follicle growth have been widely used in comercial beef cattle systems, aiming to improve the development of a dominant follicle. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of treatment with eCG or FSH at the time of progesterone implant removal on the diameter of OF, final follicle growth and pregnancy rate in beef cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred and seven suckled beef cows with body condition score 2.80 ± 0.24 (1 to 5 scale) and 45 to 70 days postpartum were synchronized to FTAI. On day 0, intravaginal implants containing 1 g of progesterone, were inserted and administered 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB), i.m. On day 7, intravaginal implants were removed and 150 µg of D-cloprostenol were administered i.m. At this time, three groups were assigned according to the treatments: eCG (400 UI eCG, i.m.), FSH (25 UI FSH, i.m.) and Control (1 mL Saline, i.m.). On day 8, all cows were injected with 1mg EB i.m. and were inseminated 52 to 56 h after the implant removal. Transrectal ultrasonography exams of ovaries were performed at the time of implant removal and before FTAI to determine the diameter of the largest follicle and the follicular daily growth. Pregnancy exams were conducted by transretal ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI. Statistical analyzes were performed by Chi-square test for pregnancy rate. Ovarian diameters and follicular daily growth were analyzed by ANOVA with means compared by Tukey test considering significant P value < 0.05.[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Folículo Ovariano , Gonadotropinas Equinas/uso terapêutico , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/uso terapêutico , Inseminação Artificial/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The pregnancy rate in fixed-time insemination (FTAI) programs in beef cattle is affected by several factors, including the size of ovulatory follicle (OF). Induced ovulation of small OF (≤11 mm) reduces the chance of pregnancy after FTAI when compared to ovulation of larger follicles (≥12 mm). Hormonal treatments to enhance the follicle growth have been widely used in comercial beef cattle systems, aiming to improve the development of a dominant follicle. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of treatment with eCG or FSH at the time of progesterone implant removal on the diameter of OF, final follicle growth and pregnancy rate in beef cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred and seven suckled beef cows with body condition score 2.80 ± 0.24 (1 to 5 scale) and 45 to 70 days postpartum were synchronized to FTAI. On day 0, intravaginal implants containing 1 g of progesterone, were inserted and administered 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB), i.m. On day 7, intravaginal implants were removed and 150 µg of D-cloprostenol were administered i.m. At this time, three groups were assigned according to the treatments: eCG (400 UI eCG, i.m.), FSH (25 UI FSH, i.m.) and Control (1 mL Saline, i.m.). On day 8, all cows were injected with 1mg EB i.m. and were inseminated 52 to 56 h after the implant removal. Transrectal ultrasonography exams of ovaries were performed at the time of implant removal and before FTAI to determine the diameter of the largest follicle and the follicular daily growth. Pregnancy exams were conducted by transretal ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI. Statistical analyzes were performed by Chi-square test for pregnancy rate. Ovarian diameters and follicular daily growth were analyzed by ANOVA with means compared by Tukey test considering significant P value < 0.05.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/uso terapêutico , Gonadotropinas Equinas/uso terapêutico , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Folículo OvarianoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to report a case of clostridial myocarditis in a bovine in Brazil with emphasis on the pathological findings, isolation and molecular identification associated with the in situ localization of C. chauvoei. The animal, a male Brangus bull with nine months of age, was found dead without prior clinical signs. Multifocal and coalescent areas of necrosis were observed in the myocardium. Rod cells in the cardiac muscle fibers were positive immunostaining for C. chauvoei, while this bacterium was also isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de miocardite clostridial em um bovino no Brasil, com ênfase nos achados patológicos, isolamento e identificação molecular do agente e visualização in situ de C. chauvoei. O animal, um macho da raça Brangus com nove meses de idade, foi encontrado morto sem sinais clínicos prévios. Foram observadas áreas de necrose multifocal e coalescente no miocárdio, com a presença de bastonetes imunomarcados para C. chauvoei nas fibras musculares cardíacas. Uma estirpe de C. chauvoei foi isolada do tecido e sua identidade foi confirmada por reação em cadeia da polimeras (PCR).
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to report a case of clostridial myocarditis in a bovine in Brazil with emphasis on the pathological findings, isolation and molecular identification associated with the in situ localization of C. chauvoei. The animal, a male Brangus bull with nine months of age, was found dead without prior clinical signs. Multifocal and coalescent areas of necrosis were observed in the myocardium. Rod cells in the cardiac muscle fibers were positive immunostaining for C. chauvoei, while this bacterium was also isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de miocardite clostridial em um bovino no Brasil, com ênfase nos achados patológicos, isolamento e identificação molecular do agente e visualização in situ de C. chauvoei. O animal, um macho da raça Brangus com nove meses de idade, foi encontrado morto sem sinais clínicos prévios. Foram observadas áreas de necrose multifocal e coalescente no miocárdio, com a presença de bastonetes imunomarcados para C. chauvoei nas fibras musculares cardíacas. Uma estirpe de C. chauvoei foi isolada do tecido e sua identidade foi confirmada por reação em cadeia da polimeras (PCR).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Bovinos , Miocardite/diagnóstico , Miocardite/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Clostridium chauvoei , Infecções por Clostridium/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Programs of resynchronization of ovulation have the objective of allowing reinsemination of females that did not get pregnant after fixed time artificial insemination (TAI), in the lowest time interval possible. These protocols are usually composed of administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) concomitant to the insert of progesterone-based (P4) intravaginal implants 22 to 24 days after the first TAI. However, little information is available on the impact of hormonal manipulation in a pre-established pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate if resynchronization of ovulation, started 24 days after the first TAI, would interfere in the function of the corpus luteum (CL), production of P4, and pre-established pregnancy.Materials, Methods & Results: For this study, 526 Brangus heifers with ages between 24 and 26 months, were subjected to TAI program in the beginning of the breeding season. Synchronization protocol for the first TAI started with insertion of an intravaginal implant containing 750 mg of P4 and administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) intramuscular (im) on day -9 (D-9). After seven days (D-2), P4 implants were removed, and 150 µg of D-cloprostenol (PGF), i.m., and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC), i.m., were administered. The TAI was performed between 48 and 54 h after removal of the P4 implant (D0). Twenty-four days after the first TAI (D24), heifers were randomly divided into the following experimental groups: Control (n = 167, no treatment), EB (n = 208, 1 mg of EB, i.m.), and hCG (n = 151, 1000 IU of hCG, i.m.). Heifers of EB and hCG groups received a new intravaginal device containing 750 mg of P4 on D24. On day 31 (D31), P4 implants were removed and pregnancy diagnosis were performed by ultrasound. Pregnancy rates from the first TAI on D31 were 58.7% (98/167), 53.4% (111/208) and 52.9% (80/151) respectively for groups Control, EB and hCG.[...]