RESUMO
Resumen La detección temprana de la infección congénita por citomegalovirus (cCMV) en pacientes pediátricos permite la implementación de un tratamiento apropiado con el fin de reducir la gravedad de las secuelas asociadas a esta infección, lo cual impacta directamente en la calidad de vida del paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la tasa de positividad de infección por CMV en niños con sospecha clínica de infección congénita y analizar las estrategias utilizadas en la confirmación diagnóstica de laboratorio. Para ello se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de muestras de niños con sospecha clínica de cCMV, las cuales fueron evaluadas en el laboratorio de Virología de la institución mediante una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (qPCR) específica para citomegalovirus (CMV). Fue incluido un total de 698 pacientes y se analizaron 125 muestras de sangre de tarjetas de screening neonatal (TSN) y 659 muestras de orina en el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2016 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. El diagnóstico de cCMV fue confirmado en 24 pacientes mediante la presencia del virus en muestras de orina o TSN según la edad del paciente, lo que correspondió al 3,4% (24/698) del total de los pacientes estudiados.
Abstract Early detection of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in pediatric patients enables the implementation of appropriate treatment to reduce the severity of associated sequelae, directly impacting the child's quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the CMV positivity rate in children clinical suspected of congenital infection and to analyse the strategies used in laboratory diagnostic confirmation. A retrospective analysis of samples from children with clinical suspected cCMV was evaluated by the Virology Laboratory of this institution using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV). A total of 698 patients were included, analysing 125 samples from neonatal screening cards (NSC) and 659 urine samples in the period between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022. The diagnosis of congenital CMV (cCMV) was confirmed in 24 patients through the presence of the virus in urine or NSC samples, corresponding to 3.4% (24/698) of the total patients studied.
Resumo A detecção precoce da infecção congênita pelo citomegalovírus (cCMV) em pacientes pediátricos permite a implementação de um tratamento adequado com o objetivo de reduzir a gravidade das sequelas associadas a esta infecção, o que impacta diretamente na qualidade de vida da criança. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a taxa de positividade de infecção por CMV em crianças com suspeita de infecção congênita e analisar as estratégias utilizadas na confirmação diagnóstica laboratorial. Para isso, foi realizado uma análise retrospectiva de amostras de crianças com suspeita de cCMV, as quais foram estudiadas pelo laboratório de Virologia da instituição por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) específica para citomegalovírus (CMV). Um total de 698 pacientes foram incluídos, sendo analisadas 125 amostras de sangue de cartões de triagem neonatal (TSN) e 659 amostras de urina no período entre 1º de janeiro de 2016 e 31 de dezembro de 2022. O diagnóstico de cCMV foi confirmado em 24 pacientes pela presença do vírus em amostras de urina ou TSN, de acordo com a idade do paciente, correspondendo a 3,4% (24/698) do total de pacientes estudados.
RESUMO
Cryptococcosis, a fatal disease without appropriate treatment, is still one of the major opportunistic mycoses in AIDS patients in Argentina despite the availability of high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Over the last decade, drugs employed in the treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis at Infectious Diseases Hospital "F.J. Muñiz" included amphotericin B (AMB) followed by fluconazole (FCZ), due to the fact that flucytosine was not available in Argentina during this period. A considerable number of patients did not negativize cultures after 2-3 weeks of treatment as it was expected, and in some of them the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans in different samples was still possible after 2 or more months of adequate therapy and even in cases with clinical improvement. The aim of this study was to establish the susceptibility profile of C. neoformans clinical isolates to those antifungals and to investigate whether there were any changes after at least 2 months of treatment. A total of 265 strains were studied (116 obtained from patients at diagnosis and 149 corresponding to the same individuals 2 months or more after receiving therapy). Susceptibility patterns before treatment to AMB showed MICs < or =1 microg/ml for all the strains, and no increase was seen after treatment. All the strains were susceptible to FCZ (MIC< or =8 microg/ml) at diagnosis; but in a group with relapses or those who did not negativize cultures, one isolate became resistant after therapy (MIC> or =64 microg/ml) and other four showed dose-dependent susceptibility (MIC 16-32 microg/ml). There was no relation between these results and clinical outcome as it was pointed out in other publications.