RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of dialysate drainage between Tenckhoff (TC) catheter and Blake (BL) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) in healthy rabbits. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: University Teaching Hospital and University research laboratory. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy, male, New Zealand rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: PD via the TC catheter and the BL abdominal drain was compared during 3 consecutive days of dialysis delivery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One session of PD was performed per day for 3 consecutive days (S1: first session, S2: second session, S3: third session) and each session included 4 cycles of infusion, dwell of dialysate in the abdomen, and drainage. Data collection included daily urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and potassium, in addition to hematological parameters (eg, RBC, HCT, hemoglobin, WBC, and platelet count). Statistical analysis using a mixed linear model with multiple comparisons was performed. The BL drain resulted in an increase in volume drained (ml/kg) when compared to TC catheter on S2 (third and fourth cycles) and S3 (first and second cycles). CONCLUSIONS: The BL drain proved to be superior to the TC catheter, being capable of draining a larger volume of dialysate during the drainage processes in the peritoneal PD of healthy rabbits. The TC catheter had major complications with regard to fluid retention in the abdomen, representing reduced drainage efficiency, while the BL drain showed a greater tendency for the peritoneal fluid to leak.
Assuntos
Diálise Peritoneal , Coelhos , Masculino , Animais , Estudos Prospectivos , Diálise Peritoneal/veterinária , Soluções para Diálise , Cateterismo/veterinária , CatéteresRESUMO
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) due to the c.5G>A mutation in the progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD) gene is an important genetic disease in English cocker spaniel (ECS) dogs. Because the prevalence of this disease has not been verified in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the allele frequency of the c.5G>A mutation in the PRCD gene. Purified DNA from 220 ECS dogs was used for genotyping, of which 131 were registered from 18 different kennels and 89 were unregistered. A clinical eye examination was performed in 28 of the genotyped animals; 10 were homozygous mutants. DNA fragments containing the mutation region were amplified by PCR and subjected to direct genomic sequencing. The prcd-PRA allele frequency was 25.5%. Among the registered dogs, the allele frequency was 14.9%; among the dogs with no history of registration, the allele frequency was 41%. Visual impairment was observed in 80% (8/10) of the homozygous mutant animals that underwent clinical eye examination. The high mutation frequency found in this study emphasizes the importance of genotyping ECSs as an early diagnostic test, especially as part of an informed breeding program, to avoid clinical cases of PRA.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare ocular dimensions, corneal curvature, and corneal thickness between horses affected with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) and unaffected horses. ANIMALS: Five HERDA-affected quarter horses and five healthy control quarter horses were used. METHODS: Schirmer's tear test, tonometry, and corneal diameter measurements were performed in both eyes of all horses prior to ophthalmologic examinations. Ultrasonic pachymetry was performed to measure the central, temporal, nasal, dorsal, and ventral corneal thicknesses in all horses. B-mode ultrasound scanning was performed on both eyes of each horse to determine the dimensions of the ocular structures and to calculate the corneal curvature. RESULTS: Each corneal region examined in this study was thinner in the affected group compared with the healthy control group. However, significant differences in corneal thickness were only observed for the central and dorsal regions. HERDA-affected horses exhibited significant increases in corneal curvature and corneal diameter compared with unaffected animals. The ophthalmologic examinations revealed mild corneal opacity in one eye of one affected horse and in both eyes of three affected horses. No significant between-group differences were observed for Schirmer's tear test, intraocular pressure, or ocular dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia-affected horses exhibit decreased corneal thickness in several regions of the cornea, increased corneal curvature, increased corneal diameter, and mild corneal opacity. Additional research is required to determine whether the increased corneal curvature significantly impacts the visual accuracy of horses with HERDA.
Assuntos
Astenia/veterinária , Córnea/patologia , Oftalmopatias/veterinária , Olho/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Animais , Astenia/genética , Astenia/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Córnea/anatomia & histologia , Paquimetria Corneana/veterinária , Olho/anatomia & histologia , Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Oftalmopatias/genética , Oftalmopatias/patologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/genética , Cavalos/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Tonometria Ocular/veterinária , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This prospective experimental study evaluated the surgical procedure and results of modular hybrid total hip arthroplasty in dogs. METHODS: Ten skeletally mature healthy mongrel dogs with weights varying between 19 and 27 kg were used. Cemented modular femoral stems and uncemented porous-coated acetabular cups were employed. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed before surgery and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 days post-operation. RESULTS: Excellent weight bearing was noticed in the operated limb in seven dogs. Dislocation followed by loosening of the prosthesis was noticed in two dogs, which were therefore properly treated with a femoral head osteotomy. Femoral fracture occurred in one dog, which was promptly treated with full implant removal and femoral osteosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The canine modular hybrid total hip arthroplasty provided excellent functionality of the operated limb.
Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/veterinária , Cimentação/veterinária , Displasia Pélvica Canina/cirurgia , Prótese de Quadril/veterinária , Acetábulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Acetábulo/fisiologia , Animais , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Cimentação/métodos , Cães , Fraturas do Fêmur/veterinária , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Fêmur/fisiologia , Membro Posterior/fisiologia , Luxação do Quadril/veterinária , Displasia Pélvica Canina/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Resultado do Tratamento , Suporte de CargaRESUMO
A uveíte peri e pós-operatória é o maior problema da cirurgia para extração de catarata no cão, sendo considerada o fator mais importante para o sucesso cirúrgico, imediato e tardio. Diversos protocolos pré e pós-operatórios utilizando agentes anti-inflamatórios esteroidais e não-esteroidais têm sido empregados na tentativa de controle da uveíte cirurgicamente induzida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a reação inflamatória pós-operatória, clinicamente e por meio da pressão intraocular (PIO), após a cirurgia de facoemulsificação para extração de catarata em cães, com e sem implante de lente intraocular (LIO) em piggyback. Empregaram-se, 25 cães portadores de catarata, subdivididos em dois grupos: G1 (com implante de LIO), G2 (sem implante de LIO). A técnica cirúrgica adotada foi a facoemulsificação bimanual unilateral. Avaliações clínicas e mensurações da PIO foram aferidas antes do procedimento cirúrgico (0) e nos tempos 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 60 dias após o ato cirúrgico. Cães do grupo G1 apresentaram sinais clínicos de uveíte visivelmente mais intensos, relativamente aos do G2. Entretanto, a PIO não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os dois grupos analisados, nem entre os olhos operados e os contralaterais. A utilização de duas LIOs humanas em piggyback no cão é exequível, porém suscita mais inflamação e complicações no pós-operatório.(AU)
Perioperative and postoperative uveitis is the main problem in cataract surgery in dogs, affecting short-term and long-term postoperative success. Numerous therapeutic methods involving both steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been used to reduce surgically-induced uveitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postoperative inflammatory reaction and intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification surgery for cataract extraction with and without intraocular piggyback lens (IOL) implantation in dogs. A total of 25 dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 (with IOL implantation) and Group 2 (without IOL implantation). The performed surgical technique consisted of unilateral bimanual phaco-emulsification. Clinical assessment and intraocular pressure were measured before surgery (0) and at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60 days after the surgery. Clinical assessment revealed inflammatory reaction more severe in dogs of G1 when compared to G2. Intraocular pressure did not differ significantly either between G1 and G2 or operated and non-operated eyes. Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using piggyback technique with human IOL is a possible method to be performed in canine ophthalmology. However, nursing care is necessary as the the procedure induces inflammation and complications in the postoperative period.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Facoemulsificação/efeitos adversos , Implante de Lente Intraocular/efeitos adversos , Afacia/cirurgia , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Facoemulsificação/reabilitação , Silicones/uso terapêutico , Afacia Pós-Catarata/complicações , Extração de Catarata/métodos , Pressão IntraocularRESUMO
A uveíte peri e pós-operatória é o maior problema da cirurgia para extração de catarata no cão, sendo considerada o fator mais importante para o sucesso cirúrgico, imediato e tardio. Diversos protocolos pré e pós-operatórios utilizando agentes anti-inflamatórios esteroidais e não-esteroidais têm sido empregados na tentativa de controle da uveíte cirurgicamente induzida. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a reação inflamatória pós-operatória, clinicamente e por meio da pressão intraocular (PIO), após a cirurgia de facoemulsificação para extração de catarata em cães, com e sem implante de lente intraocular (LIO) em piggyback. Empregaram-se, 25 cães portadores de catarata, subdivididos em dois grupos: G1 (com implante de LIO), G2 (sem implante de LIO). A técnica cirúrgica adotada foi a facoemulsificação bimanual unilateral. Avaliações clínicas e mensurações da PIO foram aferidas antes do procedimento cirúrgico (0) e nos tempos 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 60 dias após o ato cirúrgico. Cães do grupo G1 apresentaram sinais clínicos de uveíte visivelmente mais intensos, relativamente aos do G2. Entretanto, a PIO não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os dois grupos analisados, nem entre os olhos operados e os contralaterais. A utilização de duas LIOs humanas em piggyback no cão é exequível, porém suscita mais inflamação e complicações no pós-operatório.
Perioperative and postoperative uveitis is the main problem in cataract surgery in dogs, affecting short-term and long-term postoperative success. Numerous therapeutic methods involving both steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have been used to reduce surgically-induced uveitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postoperative inflammatory reaction and intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification surgery for cataract extraction with and without intraocular piggyback lens (IOL) implantation in dogs. A total of 25 dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 (with IOL implantation) and Group 2 (without IOL implantation). The performed surgical technique consisted of unilateral bimanual phaco-emulsification. Clinical assessment and intraocular pressure were measured before surgery (0) and at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60 days after the surgery. Clinical assessment revealed inflammatory reaction more severe in dogs of G1 when compared to G2. Intraocular pressure did not differ significantly either between G1 and G2 or operated and non-operated eyes. Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using piggyback technique with human IOL is a possible method to be performed in canine ophthalmology. However, nursing care is necessary as the the procedure induces inflammation and complications in the postoperative period.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Afacia/cirurgia , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Facoemulsificação/efeitos adversos , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Afacia Pós-Catarata/complicações , Extração de Catarata/métodos , Facoemulsificação/reabilitação , Pressão Intraocular , Silicones/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Pretendeu-se avaliar a eficácia do sulfato de condroitina A como tratamento de úlceras de córnea experimentais em coelhos, analisando-se seu potencial antinflamatório, além da redução de tecido cicatricial por ele promovida. Utilizaram-se 15 coelhos, divididos em tratados e não tratados, subdivididos em três grupos de cinco animais cada, sacrificados no sétimo, 14º e 30º dias após a ceratectomia. Esta, do tipo lamelar, foi feita em ambos os olhos, sendo um deles tratado com Ciprovet® colírio (sulfato de condroitina A e ciprofloxacina associados) e o contralateral, como controle, com colírio de ciprofloxacina. Os olhos foram avaliados quanto aos sinais clínicos, bem como suas córneas, em exame histopatológico. Quanto aos sinais, verificou-se hiperemia de conjuntiva e blefarospasmo nos dois primeiros dias e teste de fluorenceína positivo até, no máximo, 0 5º dia. Não se observou diferença quanto aos sinais clínicos entre os grupos tratados e não tratados. No corte histológico, puderam ser vistos maior organização lamelas, melhor distribuição de colágeno e fibrócitos e menor edema estromal, no grupo tratado com (Ciprovet®), indicando assim uma cicatrização mais eficiente(AU)
The objective of this test was to measure the efficacy of chondroitin sulfate A as a treatment to experimental corneal ulcer in rabbits. We observed, through exams, its anti-inflammatory potential, as well as a reduction of cicatricial tissue. We utilized 15 rabbits that were divided into two categories: treated and non-treated. The rabbits were also subdivided into three groups with five animals, on the seventh, 15 and 30 days after lamellar ceratectomy. This one was done in both eyes. Only one eye was treated with (Ciprovet) eyewash (chondroitin sulfate A and ciproflaxacin associated) and the other, as a control, was treated only with ciprofloxacin. The signs observed were: hyperemic conjuctiva and blefarospasm in the two first days, and a positive fluorescein test within the following five days. There were no real significant differences in the clinical signs obtained from the treated and non-treated groups. In the histological exam, though, there was more lamellar organization, and a better collagen and fibrocytes distribution. There was less stromal edema in the group treated with Ciprovet, with indication of a more efficient cicatrisation(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Coelhos , Úlcera da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera da Córnea/veterinária , Doenças da Córnea/veterináriaRESUMO
Pretendeu-se avaliar a eficácia do sulfato de condroitina A como tratamento de úlceras de córnea experimentais em coelhos, analisando-se seu potencial antinflamatório, além da redução de tecido cicatricial por ele promovida. Utilizaram-se 15 coelhos, divididos em tratados e não tratados, subdivididos em três grupos de cinco animais cada, sacrificados no sétimo, 14º e 30º dias após a ceratectomia. Esta, do tipo lamelar, foi feita em ambos os olhos, sendo um deles tratado com Ciprovet® colírio (sulfato de condroitina A e ciprofloxacina associados) e o contralateral, como controle, com colírio de ciprofloxacina. Os olhos foram avaliados quanto aos sinais clínicos, bem como suas córneas, em exame histopatológico. Quanto aos sinais, verificou-se hiperemia de conjuntiva e blefarospasmo nos dois primeiros dias e teste de fluorenceína positivo até, no máximo, 0 5º dia. Não se observou diferença quanto aos sinais clínicos entre os grupos tratados e não tratados. No corte histológico, puderam ser vistos maior organização lamelas, melhor distribuição de colágeno e fibrócitos e menor edema estromal, no grupo tratado com (Ciprovet®), indicando assim uma cicatrização mais eficiente
The objective of this test was to measure the efficacy of chondroitin sulfate A as a treatment to experimental corneal ulcer in rabbits. We observed, through exams, its anti-inflammatory potential, as well as a reduction of cicatricial tissue. We utilized 15 rabbits that were divided into two categories: treated and non-treated. The rabbits were also subdivided into three groups with five animals, on the seventh, 15 and 30 days after lamellar ceratectomy. This one was done in both eyes. Only one eye was treated with (Ciprovet) eyewash (chondroitin sulfate A and ciproflaxacin associated) and the other, as a control, was treated only with ciprofloxacin. The signs observed were: hyperemic conjuctiva and blefarospasm in the two first days, and a positive fluorescein test within the following five days. There were no real significant differences in the clinical signs obtained from the treated and non-treated groups. In the histological exam, though, there was more lamellar organization, and a better collagen and fibrocytes distribution. There was less stromal edema in the group treated with Ciprovet, with indication of a more efficient cicatrisation