RESUMO

This literature review explores cutting-edge microencapsulation techniques designed to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils in dairy products. As consumer demand for natural preservatives rises, understanding the latest advancements in microencapsulation becomes crucial for improving the shelf life and safety of these products. The bibliometric analysis utilized in this review highlighted a large number of documents published on this topic in relation to the following keywords: essential oils, AND antimicrobials, AND dairy products, OR microencapsulation. The documents published in the last 11 years, between 2013 and 2023, showed a diversity of authors and countries researching this topic and the keywords commonly used. However, in the literature consulted, no study was identified that was based on bibliometric analysis and that critically evaluated the microencapsulation of essential oils and their antimicrobial potential in dairy products. This review synthesizes findings from diverse studies, shedding light on the various encapsulation methods employed and their impact on preserving the quality of dairy goods. Additionally, it discusses the potential applications and challenges associated with implementation in the dairy industry. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, food scientists, and industry professionals seeking to optimize the use of essential oils with antimicrobial properties in dairy formulations.

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Malnutrition is considered one of the major public health problems worldwide and negatively affects the growth, development and learning of schoolchildren. This study developed and evaluated a fermented milk drink with added Umbu (Spondias tuberosa) pulp in the weight gain and renutrition of mice submitted to malnutrition by calorie restriction, and in malnourished children. The supplementation with this fermented milk drink contributed to an increase of 7.2 % in body weight, and 64.3 % in albumin, and a reduction of 35 % in cholesterol in malnourished mice. In humans, a group of nine malnourished children consumed a daily 200 mL serving of the milk drink (for 60 days). For humans, the fermented milk drink allowed an increase of 16.5 % in body weight, and 20.9 % in body mass index in malnourished children. In conclusion, fermented milk drink has a positive effect on the re-nutrition of malnourished mice and helps to improve the nutritional status of malnourished children.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional profile and the physicochemical characteristics during storage of newly developed formulations of fermented milk drinks with added pineapple, mango and passion fruit pulp. The fermented drinks showed a high content of protein, iron, and calcium. The passion fruit milk drink had the lowest pH (4.13) and highest acidity (0.95%, expressed in % of lactic acid), which was significantly different (p<0.05) from the pineapple and mango drinks. As for syneresis and sedimentation, the pineapple milk drink had the highest rates at 14 days storage, with 34.33% and 6.50%, respectively and was significantly different (p≤0.05) when compared to the mango and passion fruit milk drinks. In conclusion, newly developed fermented milk drinks with added fruit pulp were a source of several nutrients. We observed physical-chemical characteristics suitable for a fermented milk product during storage.

El objetivo de este estudio fue el desarrollo de nuevas formulaciones de bebidas lácteas fermentadas adicionadas de piña, mango y maracuyá, para evaluar el perfil nutricional y las características fisicoquímicas durante el almacenamiento. Las bebidas fermentadas mostraron un alto contenido en proteínas, hierro y calcio. En cuanto a las características fisicoquímicas durante el almacenamiento, la bebida láctea de maracuyá presentó el pH más bajo (4,13) y la acidez más alta (0,95%, expresada en % de ácido láctico), con una diferencia significativa (p < 0,05), en comparación con las bebidas de piña y mango. En cuanto a sinéresis y sedimentación, la bebida láctea de piña presentó los mayores índices a los 14 días de almacenamiento, con 34,33% y 6,50%, respectivamente, y con diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0,05) al compararla con las bebidas lácteas de mango y maracuyá. En conclusión, las bebidas lácteas fermentadas con adición de pulpa de fruta son una fuente de varios nutrientes, y de características físico-químicas adecuadas para un producto lácteo fermentado durante el almacenamiento.

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Mead is an alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of a diluted honey solution by the action of yeast. Recently, research has shown the potential of S. boulardii for brewing beer and in the development of probiotic alcoholic beverages and, to date, no research has examined for mead production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth conditions of S. boulardii for the development of potentially probiotic mead. The findings show that initial wort soluble solids conditions of 30°Brix and initial concentration of 0.030 g/L of S. boulardii obtain potentially probiotic mead with viable yeast cells of 6.53 Log10 CFU/mL, alcohol content of 5.05%, and has the presence of total phenolics (17.72 mg GAE/100 mL) and natural antioxidants (62.79 and 1.37 µmol TE/100 mL for ABTS and FRAP methods, respectively). In conclusion, S. boulardii has a potential for the development of probiotic mead.

RESUMO

Whey is a by-product of the dairy industry of great importance due to its high nutritional value, and can be used for the manufacture of fermented dairy drinks which, combined with fruit, increase the nutritional value and add characteristic flavors. Therefore, a fermented dairy beverage with caja-mango pulp (Spondias dulcis) was elaborated and its nutritional information as well as the physical-chemical stability were evaluated during storage. The results showed that the nutritional information met the requirements stipulated by the Brazilian legislation. The physical-chemical stability of the dairy fermented drink in terms of pH, acidity, syneresis and sedimentation was influenced by the storage time, possibly associated with uncontrolled factors in this study, such as the initial and final dairy culture concentration of the processed product, protein biodegradation during storage and low solids contents. It is concluded that the elaborated drink constitutes a food source of several nutrients, and may complement the daily diet of children, adolescents and adults, supplying nutritional deficiencies.(AU)

O soro lácteo é um subproduto da indústria de laticínios de grande importância devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo, podendo ser utilizado para fabricação de bebida láctea fermentada que, associada a frutas, aumenta o valor nutricional e agrega sabores característicos. A partir disso, foi elaborada uma bebida láctea fermentada adicionada de polpa de cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis), sendo avaliada sua informação nutricional bem como a estabilidade físico-química, durante o armazenamento. Os resultados mostram que a informação nutricional atendeu os requisitos estipulados pela legislação brasileira. A estabilidade físico-química da bebida, quanto aos parâmetros analisados de pH, acidez, sinerese e sedimentação, sofreu influência pelo o tempo de armazenamento, possivelmente, associados a fatores não controlados neste estudo como a concentração de cultura láctea iniciadora e final do produto elaborado, a biodegradação de proteínas durante a estocagem e baixos teores de sólidos. Conclui-se que a bebida elaborada constitui um alimento fonte de diversos nutrientes, e poderá complementar a alimentação diária de crianças, adolescentes e adultos, suprindo as carências nutricionais.(AU)

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RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Whey is a by-product of the dairy industry of great importance due to its high nutritional value, and can be used for the manufacture of fermented dairy drinks which, combined with fruit, increase the nutritional value and add characteristic flavors. Therefore, a fermented dairy beverage with caja-mango pulp (Spondias dulcis) was elaborated and its nutritional information as well as the physical-chemical stability were evaluated during storage. The results showed that the nutritional information met the requirements stipulated by the Brazilian legislation. The physical-chemical stability of the dairy fermented drink in terms of pH, acidity, syneresis and sedimentation was influenced by the storage time, possibly associated with uncontrolled factors in this study, such as the initial and final dairy culture concentration of the processed product, protein biodegradation during storage and low solids contents. It is concluded that the elaborated drink constitutes a food source of several nutrients, and may complement the daily diet of children, adolescents and adults, supplying nutritional deficiencies.

RESUMO: O soro lácteo é um subproduto da indústria de laticínios de grande importância devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo, podendo ser utilizado para fabricação de bebida láctea fermentada que, associada a frutas, aumenta o valor nutricional e agrega sabores característicos. A partir disso, foi elaborada uma bebida láctea fermentada adicionada de polpa de cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis), sendo avaliada sua informação nutricional bem como a estabilidade físico-química, durante o armazenamento. Os resultados mostram que a informação nutricional atendeu os requisitos estipulados pela legislação brasileira. A estabilidade físico-química da bebida, quanto aos parâmetros analisados de pH, acidez, sinerese e sedimentação, sofreu influência pelo o tempo de armazenamento, possivelmente, associados a fatores não controlados neste estudo como a concentração de cultura láctea iniciadora e final do produto elaborado, a biodegradação de proteínas durante a estocagem e baixos teores de sólidos. Conclui-se que a bebida elaborada constitui um alimento fonte de diversos nutrientes, e poderá complementar a alimentação diária de crianças, adolescentes e adultos, suprindo as carências nutricionais.

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Studies about preservative and antioxidant activity of essential oils have been encouraged in recent years, given their importance to food industry. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of essential oils deriving from Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia alba against lactic and pathogenic bacteria responsible for food-borne diseases. Essential oil antibacterial activity was assessed through disc diffusion and macrodilution tests conducted in a mixed lactic culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903) and of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017) strains. Based on the chromatographic analysis results, the essential oils shown to be composed of eugenol (79.41%) which was the prevalent compound in S. aromaticum, geranial (31.89%), neral (24.52%) and β-myrcene (25.37%) in C. citratus, as well as of geranial (33.80%) and neral (25.63%) in L. alba. The observed antibacterial activity confirmed the dose-dependent effect of these three oils on all the assessed bacteria; there was halo inhibition at concentration 20μL mL-1. The essential oil of S. aromaticum presented better antioxidant activity, with IC50 equal to 5.76μg mL-1 and antioxidant activity index of 6.94, and it was considered strong (AAI>2.0) in comparison to the other evaluated oils. This essential oil also presented excellent antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than the one required to inhibit lactic cultures. Based in this outcome, the essential oil from S. aromaticum can be used as preservative agent in processed food whose formulation presents lactic cultures.(AU)

A atividade conservante e antioxidante de óleos essenciais são importantes ferramentas para uso na indústria de alimentos e pesquisas são estimuladas na atualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes e a atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratuse Lippia alba (LA) contra bactérias lácticas e patogênicas com importância em doenças transmitidas por alimentos. A atividade antibacteriana dos óleos foi avaliada por testes de disco-difusão e macrodiluição em caldo, utilizando-se cultura láctica mista de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903), e Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017). Os compostos dos óleos essenciais foram identificados por cromatografia, mostrando eugenol (79,41%) como composto predominante em S. aromaticum, geranial (31,89%), neral (24,52%) e β-mirceno (25,37%) em C. citratus, e o geranial (33,80%) e neral (25,63%) em L. alba. A atividade antibacteriana confirmou o efeito dose-dependente dos três óleos para todas as bactérias avaliadas, apresentando halos de inibição a partir da concentração de 20μL mL-1. O óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante, com IC 50 IC50 (at concentration capable of generating 50% inhibition) igual a 5.76μg mL-1 e índice de atividade antioxidante (AAI) de 6,94, considerado forte (AAI>2,0) em relação aos demais óleos avaliados. O óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou excelente atividade antioxidante em menor concentração que anecessário para inibir a cultura láctica, indicando que este óleo pode ser usado como conservante em alimentos processados contendo culturas lácticas.(AU)

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Studies about preservative and antioxidant activity of essential oils have been encouraged in recent years, given their importance to food industry. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of essential oils deriving from Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia alba against lactic and pathogenic bacteria responsible for food-borne diseases. Essential oil antibacterial activity was assessed through disc diffusion and macrodilution tests conducted in a mixed lactic culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903) and of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017) strains. Based on the chromatographic analysis results, the essential oils shown to be composed of eugenol (79.41%) which was the prevalent compound in S. aromaticum, geranial (31.89%), neral (24.52%) and β-myrcene (25.37%) in C. citratus, as well as of geranial (33.80%) and neral (25.63%) in L. alba. The observed antibacterial activity confirmed the dose-dependent effect of these three oils on all the assessed bacteria; there was halo inhibition at concentration 20μL mL-1. The essential oil of S. aromaticum presented better antioxidant activity, with IC50 equal to 5.76μg mL-1 and antioxidant activity index of 6.94, and it was considered strong (AAI>2.0) in comparison to the other evaluated oils. This essential oil also presented excellent antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than the one required to inhibit lactic cultures. Based in this outcome, the essential oil from S. aromaticum can be used as preservative agent in processed food whose formulation presents lactic cultures.

RESUMO: A atividade conservante e antioxidante de óleos essenciais são importantes ferramentas para uso na indústria de alimentos e pesquisas são estimuladas na atualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes e a atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratuse Lippia alba (LA) contra bactérias lácticas e patogênicas com importância em doenças transmitidas por alimentos. A atividade antibacteriana dos óleos foi avaliada por testes de disco-difusão e macrodiluição em caldo, utilizando-se cultura láctica mista de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903), e Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017). Os compostos dos óleos essenciais foram identificados por cromatografia, mostrando eugenol (79,41%) como composto predominante em S. aromaticum, geranial (31,89%), neral (24,52%) e β-mirceno (25,37%) em C. citratus, e o geranial (33,80%) e neral (25,63%) em L. alba. A atividade antibacteriana confirmou o efeito dose-dependente dos três óleos para todas as bactérias avaliadas, apresentando halos de inibição a partir da concentração de 20μL mL-1. O óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante, com IC 50 IC50 (at concentration capable of generating 50% inhibition) igual a 5.76μg mL-1 e índice de atividade antioxidante (AAI) de 6,94, considerado forte (AAI>2,0) em relação aos demais óleos avaliados. O óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou excelente atividade antioxidante em menor concentração que anecessário para inibir a cultura láctica, indicando que este óleo pode ser usado como conservante em alimentos processados contendo culturas lácticas.

RESUMO

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) describes diabetes-associated changes in the structure and function of myocardium that are not directly linked to other factors such as hypertension. Currently there are some models of DC; however, they take a large time period to mimic key features. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a short-term high-fat/high salt diet (HFHS) treatment on myocardial function and structure, and vascular reactivity in C57BL/6 male mice. After 14 weeks HFHS induced hypertension (MAP = 144.95 ±â€¯16.13 vs 92.90 ±â€¯18.95 mm Hg), low glucose tolerance (AUC = 1049.01 ±â€¯74.79 vs 710.50 ±â€¯52.57 a.u.), decreased insulin sensitivity (AUC = 429.83 ±â€¯35.22 vs 313.67 ±â€¯19.55 a.u.) and increased adiposity (epididymal fat weight 0.96 ±â€¯0.10 vs 0.59 ±â€¯0.06 OW/BW × 102), aspects present in metabolic syndrome. Cardiac evaluation showed diastolic dysfunction (E/A ratio = 1.20 vs 1.90 u.a.) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (cardiomyocyte area = 502.82 ±â€¯31.46 vs 385.58 ±â€¯22.11 µm2). Lastly, vascular reactivity was impaired with higher contractile response (136.10 ±â€¯3.49 vs 120.37 ±â€¯5.43%) and lower response to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (74.01 ±â€¯4.35 vs 104.84 ±â€¯3.57%). In addition, the diet was able to induce an inward coronary remodeling (vascular total area: SCNS 6185 ±â€¯800.6 vs HFHS 4085 ±â€¯213.7 µm2). Therefore, we conclude that HFHS short-term treatment was able to induce metabolic syndrome-like state, cardiomyopathy and vascular injury working as an important tool to study cardiometabolic diseases.

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Phytase plays a prominent role in monogastric animal nutrition due to its ability to improve phytic acid digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing phosphorus and other micronutrients that are important for animal development. Moreover, phytase decreases the amounts of phytic acid and phosphate excreted in feces. Bioinformatics approaches can contribute to the understanding of the catalytic structure of phytase. Analysis of the catalytic structure can reveal enzymatic stability and the polarization and hydrophobicity of amino acids. One important aspect of this type of analysis is the estimation of the number of ß-sheets and α-helices in the enzymatic structure. Fermentative processes or genetic engineering methods are employed for phytase production in transgenic plants or microorganisms. To this end, phytase genes are inserted in transgenic crops to improve the bioavailability of phosphorus. This promising technology aims to improve agricultural efficiency and productivity. Thus, the aim of this review is to present the characterization of the catalytic structure of plant and microbial phytases, phytase genes used in transgenic plants and microorganisms, and their biotechnological applications in animal nutrition, which do not impact negatively on environmental degradation.