RESUMO
Anisophya arreguii sp. nov. is added as third species of the genus in Buenos Aires Province. A population living in humid meadows near La Plata, regularly observed during the last five years, was found to be different from A. punctinervis. It appears in two distinct annual generations. The male produces a continuous ultrasound calling song, to which the female responds with short signals after particular syllables. The verification of all Anisophya observations from Argentina on iNaturalist helped clarifying the distinctiveness of the new species. Some ecological aspects are briefly discussed, such as a vulnerable population in the city of La Plata.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , ArgentinaRESUMO
Conocephalus cinnamonifrons sp. nov. is distinguished by a cinnamon brown head and a distinctly upcurved ovipositor from South American congeners with usually green heads and practically straight ovipositors. The short-winged species lives in wetlands near the coast of the Río de la Plata, and has also been recorded from Entre Ríos Province. The calling song of the male shows a distinctive pattern of long syllable trains alternating with short sequences of a few isolated syllables, quite different to the songs of the syntopically occurring C. doryphorus and C. longipes. Some ecological aspects are briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Masculino , Animais , Argentina , Distribuição Animal , Áreas AlagadasRESUMO
The katydid Mikrischyrum musicum sp. nov. is described as third species of the genus, along with the remarkable low-ultrasound musical calling song of the male. It is the first species of the genus with known females, which are considerably larger than males and lack the conspicuous white spots on the pronotum. Pure-tone songs among pseudophyllines and development of pronotum markings of Platyphyllini are briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Animais , Equador , Feminino , Masculino , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
The southernmost record of the neotropical genus Xenicola is documented. An apparently tiny population of X. dohrni, a species described long ago from southern Brazil without other published records, lives at the shore of the Río de la Plata, 1000 km further south. Perhaps it has been established there by means of floating vegetation. The acoustic communication of this species is also very interesting: The male produces with its minuscule tegmina brief signals with a carrier frequency range between 80 and 100 kHz. The female responds, and the male modifies its song when engaged in a duet. It modifies it further, when the female responds from very close. The paper includes a review of the records of Xenicola species on biodiversity observation platforms.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Acústica , Animais , Argentina , Comunicação , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Acuscercus eudaldoleondiazi n. gen et n. sp. from the Eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes is described, a typical long-winged member of the tribe Cocconotini, distinguished by peculiar morphology of male cerci. On the other hand, the Dominican genus Anacaona is moved from Cocconotini to the tribe Copiphorini (Conocephalinae). The status and tribal boundaries of Cocconotini and Eucocconotini are briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Colômbia , MasculinoRESUMO
Conocephalus doryphorus (Karny, 1907), a member of the lesser meadow katydids, with around 150 recognized species in this genus with worldwide distribution, and around 25 of them living in South America, has been described from a unique immature female from an unknown locality in Uruguay.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Feminino , Pradaria , América do Sul , UruguaiRESUMO
The species of brachypterous Phaneropterinae (Tettigoniidae) inhabiting the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná, Brazil, were studied. Four species have been recognized, Anisophya melanochloris (Rehn, 1911) and three new species described here: Anisophya una sp. n., as well as Xenicola taroba sp. n. and Xenicola xukrixi sp. n. We present relevant characters used in Orthoptera taxonomy, such as male genitalia, male and female stridulatory files, cerci and subgenital plates for all four species. Calling songs of three species are also described. X. xukrixi sp. n. stands out by its high carrier frequency with a peak above 70 kHz.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Parques RecreativosRESUMO
The family Anostostomatidae comprises about 250 known species of robust insects, similar to crickets, which are widely distributed predominantly in the southern hemisphere. They are divided into eight subfamilies, of which five occur in the Neotropics (Cadena-Castañeda Cortés-Torres 2013). While there are six species described from central and southern Chile (three in each of the genera Cratomelus and Leiomelus), the only published record of the Anostostomatidae for Argentina refers to two old specimens of Apotetamenus clipeatus in the collection of the Muséum National d'Historie Naturelle in Paris (Griffini 1912, Karny 1935, Cadena-Castañeda Cortés-Torres 2013).
Assuntos
Gryllidae , Ortópteros , Animais , Argentina , Chile , Insetos , ParisRESUMO
Three species of Conocephalus and two of Euxiphidion from several localities of the Central-West Region of Brazil were studied. Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977, C. saltator (Saussure, 1859) and C. versicolor (Redtenbacher, 1891) are recorded for the first time from Mato Grosso do Sul, one new species Euxiphidion veroni sp. nov. is described, and a new combination, Euxiphidion caizanum comb. nov. is proposed. The calling songs of C. saltator, C. versicolor, and E. veroni sp. nov. are described. All these three species call very continuously, also in the daytime. The three species of Conocepha-lus have mitotic metaphases with 2nâ = 33 = 32 + X and 2nâ = 34 = 32 + XX. Euxiphidion caizanum comb. nov. and E. veroni sp. nov. have 2nâ = 31 = 30 + X and 2nâ = 32 = 30 + XX. Most of the autosomes of C. saltator and C. versicolor are meta/submetacentric, differing from C. goianus that has seven biarmed and nine monoarmed autosomes. Both Euxiphidion species present mostly telo/subtelocentric autosomes. The X chromosome is metacentric, and the largest element of the karyotype in the five species. No interstitial telomeric site (ITS) was observed in mitotic metaphases submitted to telomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization. Ecological aspects of the studied species are discussed.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Animais , Brasil , Pradaria , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , CariótipoRESUMO
Eight katydid species of the leaf-mimicking specialist genus Typophyllum were found in the southeast of Ecuador in an area comprising part of the eastern Andean cordillera and foothills toward the Cordillera del Cóndor in elevations between 850 and 3000 m. They are described along with the peculiar calling songs and other interesting aspects of their biology. Three of these species are new: T. morrisi sp. nov., T. onkiosternum sp. nov. and T. vignoni sp. nov. A fourth species represented by a single male is possibly new as well. In males and females of a species considered as identical with T. egregium Hebard 1924, which was previously known from a unique female specimen, was found a remarkable variation of coloration, in addition to the striking sexual dimorphism typical for the genus, with the females being twice as large as the small males. The latter is related to the curious mating behaviour, which is documented for this species and T. erosifolium Walker 1870. The two other species found in the region are T. bolivari Vignon 1925 and T. mortuifolium Walker 1870. The calling songs of four species were recorded. In T. erosifolium and T. morrisi sp. nov. the sounds are almost pure sine waves at the lower boundary of ultrasound. In T. egregium and T. onkiosternum sp. nov. the spectrum of the carrier frequency is broader, which might be related to lower and denser vegetation at higher elevation. Based on the intraspecific variety found in T. egregium and T. erosifolium, which includes variation in tegmina shape and venation pattern, are established several syonymies among Typophyllum species from western South America. T. erosifolium is found to be identical with T. peruvianum Pictet 1888 syn. nov. Additionally are considered identical T. inflatum Vignon 1925 and T. gibbosusm Vignon 1925 syn. nov., T. trigonum Vignon 1925 and T. quadriincisum Vignon 1925 syn. nov., and finally T. lacinipenne Enderlein 1917 and T. acutum Vignon 1925 syn. nov. and T. undulatum Caudell 1918 syn. nov. The discussion treats the problematic taxonomy of the little walking leaves, bioacoustics, the pre-copulatory riding behaviour, the sophisticated mimesis, and very briefly the uncertain position within the katydid phylogeny.