RESUMO
El artículo buscó como objetivo identificar el conocimiento acerca de la ira y los instrumentos psicométricos diseñados para evaluarla en el marco de la salud mental. En la metodología se consideró las bases de datos de Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect y Scopus, llegando a 26,290 artículos. De esta cifra, 11,523 artículos fueron eliminados debido a la condición de duplicación, y otros 7,523 por no encontrarse en un idioma elegible o por ser un documento incompleto. Además, se excluyeron 4,933 artículos cuyas temáticas no estaban relacionadas con los test de ira en el marco de la salud mental. Luego, se obtuvieron 2,311 artículos; pero tras una revisión manual, se eliminaron 1,259 más. Posteriormente, fue posible recuperar un total de 1,052. De estos, se seleccionaron 140 para análisis. Finalmente, después analizar la finalidad que buscaba cada artículo, quedaron un total de 50 artículos enfocados en instrumentos psicométricos que evalúan la ira en el marco de salud mental. Estableciéndose en los resultados que, la base de datos con la mayor frecuencia de estudios encontrados es Sciencedirect, con un 36% del total de estudios, además, España es el país con la mayor frecuencia de estudios encontrados, representando el 38% del total. Concluyendo que, los instrumentos más frecuentemente empleados se encuentran el STAXI-2, seguido del DAS y el DAX.
The objective of the article was to identify knowledge about anger and the psychometric instruments designed to evaluate it in the framework of mental health. The methodology considered the databases of Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect and Scopus, reaching 26,290 articles. Of this figure, 11,523 articles were eliminated due to duplication status, and another 7,523 because they were not in an eligible language or because they were an incomplete document. In addition, 4,933 articles were excluded whose topics were not related to anger tests in the framework of mental health. Then, 2,311 articles were obtained; but after a manual review, 1,259 more were removed. Subsequently, it was possible to recover a total of 1,052. Of these, 140 were selected for analysis. Finally, after analyzing the purpose sought by each article, there were a total of 50 articles focused on psychometric instruments that evaluate anger in the mental health framework. Establishing in the results that the database with the highest frequency of studies found is Sciencedirect, with 36% of the total studies, in addition, Spain is the country with the highest frequency of studies found, representing 38% of the total. Concluding that, the most frequently used instruments are the STAXI-2, followed by the DAS and the DAX.
O objetivo do artigo foi identificar o conhecimento sobre a raiva e os instrumentos psicométricos concebidos para avaliá-la no âmbito da saúde mental. A metodologia considerou as bases de dados Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect e Scopus, chegando a 26.290 artigos. Desse número, 11.523 artigos foram eliminados por estarem duplicados e outros 7.523 por não estarem em idioma elegível ou por serem documentos incompletos. Além disso, foram excluídos 4.933 artigos cujos temas não estavam relacionados aos testes de raiva no âmbito da saúde mental. Obtiveram-se então 2.311 artigos; mas após uma revisão manual, mais 1.259 foram removidos. Posteriormente, foi possível recuperar um total de 1.052. Destes, 140 foram selecionados para análise. Por fim, após análise da finalidade buscada por cada artigo, obteve-se um total de 50 artigos focados em instrumentos psicométricos que avaliam a raiva no âmbito da saúde mental. Estabelecendo nos resultados que a base de dados com maior frequência de estudos encontrados é a Sciencedirect, com 36% do total de estudos, além disso, a Espanha é o país com maior frequência de estudos encontrados, representando 38% do total. Concluindo que os instrumentos mais utilizados são o STAXI-2, seguido do DAS e do DAX.
RESUMO
El artículo buscó como objetivo identificar el conocimiento acerca de la ira y los instrumentos psicométricos diseñados para evaluarla en el marco de la salud mental. En la metodología se consideró las bases de datos de Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect y Scopus, llegando a 26,290 artículos. De esta cifra, 11,523 artículos fueron eliminados debido a la condición de duplicación, y otros 7,523 por no encontrarse en un idioma elegible o por ser un documento incompleto. Además, se excluyeron 4,933 artículos cuyas temáticas no estaban relacionadas con los test de ira en el marco de la salud mental. Luego, se obtuvieron 2,311 artículos; pero tras una revisión manual, se eliminaron 1,259 más. Posteriormente, fue posible recuperar un total de 1,052. De estos, se seleccionaron 140 para análisis. Finalmente, después analizar la finalidad que buscaba cada artículo, quedaron un total de 50 artículos enfocados en instrumentos psicométricos que evalúan la ira en el marco de salud mental. Estableciéndose en los resultados que, la base de datos con la mayor frecuencia de estudios encontrados es Sciencedirect, con un 36% del total de estudios, además, España es el país con la mayor frecuencia de estudios encontrados, representando el 38% del total. Concluyendo que, los instrumentos más frecuentemente empleados se encuentran el STAXI-2, seguido del DAS y el DAX
The objective of the article was to identify knowledge about anger and the psychometric instruments designed to evaluate it in the framework of mental health. The methodology considered the databases of Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect and Scopus, reaching 26,290 articles. Of this figure, 11,523 articles were eliminated due to duplication status, and another 7,523 because they were not in an eligible language or because they were an incomplete document. In addition, 4,933 articles were excluded whose topics were not related to anger tests in the framework of mental health. Then, 2,311 articles were obtained; but after a manual review, 1,259 more were removed. Subsequently, it was possible to recover a total of 1,052. Of these, 140 were selected for analysis. Finally, after analyzing the purpose sought by each article, there were a total of 50 articles focused on psychometric instruments that evaluate anger in the mental health framework. Establishing in the results that the database with the highest frequency of studies found is Sciencedirect, with 36% of the total studies, in addition, Spain is the country with the highest frequency of studies found, representing 38% of the total. Concluding that, the most frequently used instruments are the STAXI-2, followed by the DAS and the DAX
O objetivo do artigo foi identificar o conhecimento sobre a raiva e os instrumentos psicométricos concebidos para avaliá-la no âmbito da saúde mental. A metodologia considerou as bases de dados Dialnet, Scielo, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect e Scopus, chegando a 26.290 artigos. Desse número, 11.523 artigos foram eliminados por estarem duplicados e outros 7.523 por não estarem em idioma elegível ou por serem documentos incompletos. Além disso, foram excluídos 4.933 artigos cujos temas não estavam relacionados aos testes de raiva no âmbito da saúde mental. Obtiveram-se então 2.311 artigos; mas após uma revisão manual, mais 1.259 foram removidos. Posteriormente, foi possível recuperar um total de 1.052. Destes, 140 foram selecionados para análise. Por fim, após análise da finalidade buscada por cada artigo, obteve-se um total de 50 artigos focados em instrumentos psicométricos que avaliam a raiva no âmbito da saúde mental. Estabelecendo nos resultados que a base de dados com maior frequência de estudos encontrados é a Sciencedirect, com 36% do total de estudos, além disso, a Espanha é o país com maior frequência de estudos encontrados, representando 38% do total. Concluindo que os instrumentos mais utilizados são o STAXI-2, seguido do DAS e do DAX
Assuntos
Revisão SistemáticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the US-Mexico border wall height extension on traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and related costs. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who presented to the UC San Diego Health Trauma Center for injuries from falling at the border wall between 2016 and 2021 were considered. Patients in the pre-height extension period (January 2016-May 2018) were compared with those in the post-height extension period (January 2020-December 2021). Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 383 patients were identified: 51 (0 TBIs, 68.6% male) in the pre-height extension cohort and 332 (14 TBIs, 77.1% male) in the post-height extension cohort, with mean ages of 33.5 and 31.5 years, respectively. There was an increase in the average number of TBIs per month (0.0 to 0.34) and operative TBIs per month (0.0 to 0.12). TBIs were associated with increased Injury Severity Score (8.8 vs 24.2, p < 0.001), median (IQR) hospital length of stay (5.0 [2-11] vs 8.5 [4-45] days, p = 0.03), and median (IQR) hospital charges ($163,490 [$86,369-$277,918] vs $243,658 [$136,769-$1,127,920], p = 0.04). TBIs were normalized for changing migration rates on the basis of Customs and Border Protection apprehensions. CONCLUSIONS: This heightened risk of intracranial injury among vulnerable immigrant populations poses ethical and economic concerns to be addressed regarding border wall infrastructure.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , México/epidemiologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/epidemiologia , Morbidade , Escala de Gravidade do FerimentoRESUMO
Obesity is a pandemic associated with lifestyles changes. These include excess intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas, like the lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been linked in both homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. Interestingly, these control systems are regulated by the lateral septum (LS), a relay of γ-aminobutyric (GABA) acid neurons (GABAergic neurons) that inhibit the LH and GABAergic interneurons of the VTA. Furthermore, the LS has a diverse receptor population for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, glutamate, GABA and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), among others. Particularly, CRF a key player in the stress response, has been related to the development of overweight and obesity. Moreover, evidence shows that LS neurons neurophysiologically regulate reward and stress, although there is little evidence of LS taking part in homeostatic and hedonic feeding. In this review, we discuss the evidence that supports the role of LS and CRF on feeding, and how alterations in this system contribute to weight gain obesity.
RESUMO
Gut microbiota with a stable, rich, and diverse composition is associated with adequate postnatal brain development. Colonization of the infant's gut begins at birth when parturition exposes the newborn to a set of maternal bacteria, increasing richness and diversity until one to two first years of age when a microbiota composition is stable until old age. Conversely, alterations in gut microbiota by diet, stress, infection, and antibiotic exposure have been associated with several pathologies, including metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases such as obesity, anxiety, depression, and drug addiction, among others. However, the consequences of early-life exposure to antibiotics (ELEA) on the dopamine (DA) mesocorticolimbic circuit are poorly studied. In this context, we administered oral non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotics to pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams during the perinatal period (from embryonic day 18 until postnatal day 7) and investigated their adult offspring (postnatal day 60) to assess methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activity, DA release, DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content in ventral tegmental area (VTA), and expression of key proteins within the mesocorticolimbic system. Our results show that ELEA affect the rats conduct by increasing drug-seeking behavior and locomotor activity induced by methylphenidate of males and females, respectively, while reducing dopamine striatal release and VTA content of DOPAC in females. In addition, antibiotics increased protein levels of DA type 1 receptor in prefrontal cortex and VTA of female rats, and tyrosine hydroxylase in VTA of adult male and female rats. Altogether, these results suggest that ELEA alters the development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis affecting the reward system and the response to abuse drugs in adulthood.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de un hidrogel compuesto con aloe vera, sorbitol, alantoína y glicerol, y estudiar clínicamente los niveles de interleucina 6 (IL-6) para el tratamiento de úlceras venosas (UV). MÉTODO: Se realizó un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado de un solo brazo en 10 sujetos. Cada sujeto fue tratado con el hidrogel durante ocho semanas. Tras completar el período de seguimiento, se realizó una evaluación final de las puntuaciones clínicas y moleculares de cada paciente, que se comparó con los datos iniciales. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes tratados con el hidrogel presentaron una reducción media del área de la UV de -1,12 cm5 (±2,53), reducción media del volumen de -1,47 cm6 (±3,43) y valor medio de IL-6 perilesional de -1,81 pg/mL (±8,07). También, se encontró una reducción media de la puntuación de la gravedad clínica venosa (VCSSr) de -9,3 (±2,62) y de la puntuación del dolor en la escala visual analógica (VAS) de -5,5 (±2,22). CONCLUSIÓN: La IL-6 es un indicador molecular útil para la vigilancia de la cicatrización de heridas. El tratamiento con un hidrogel a base de aloe vera, sorbitol y alantoína favorece la cicatrización de la herida, mejora la calidad de vida y reduce los niveles de dolor de la UV. CONFLICTO DE INTERÉS: El investigador principal, Dr Jorge Ulloa, declara recepción de recursos para investigación por parte de Humany Care. Este proyecto fue financiado por Humany Care.
Assuntos
Aloe , Úlcera Varicosa , Humanos , Alantoína , Glicerol , Hidrogéis , SorbitolRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de un hidrogel compuesto con aloe vera, sorbitol, alantoína y glicerol, y estudiar clínicamente los niveles de interleucina 6 (IL-6) para el tratamiento de úlceras venosas (UV). MÉTODO: Se realizó un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado de un solo brazo en 10 sujetos. Cada sujeto fue tratado con el hidrogel durante ocho semanas. Tras completar el período de seguimiento, se realizó una evaluación final de las puntuaciones clínicas y moleculares de cada paciente, que se comparó con los datos iniciales. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes tratados con el hidrogel presentaron una reducción media del área de la UV de -1,12 cm5 (±2,53), reducción media del volumen de -1,47 cm6 (±3,43) y valor medio de IL-6 perilesional de -1,81 pg/mL (±8,07). También, se encontró una reducción media de la puntuación de la gravedad clínica venosa (VCSSr) de -9,3 (±2,62) y de la puntuación del dolor en la escala visual analógica (VAS) de -5,5 (±2,22). CONCLUSIÓN: La IL-6 es un indicador molecular útil para la vigilancia de la cicatrización de heridas. El tratamiento con un hidrogel a base de aloe vera, sorbitol y alantoína favorece la cicatrización de la herida, mejora la calidad de vida y reduce los niveles de dolor de la UV. CONFLICTO DE INTERÉS: El investigador principal, Dr Jorge Ulloa, declara recepción de recursos para investigación por parte de Humany Care. Este proyecto fue financiado por Humany Care.
Assuntos
Aloe , Úlcera Varicosa , Humanos , Alantoína , Glicerol , Hidrogéis , SorbitolRESUMO
The gastrointestinal lumen is a rich source of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses which, together with bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms comprise the gut microbiota. Pathogenic viruses inhabiting this niche have the potential to induce local as well as systemic complications; among them, the viral ability to disrupt the mucosal barrier is one mechanism associated with the promotion of diarrhea and tissue invasion. This review gathers recent evidence showing the contributing effects of diet, gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system to either support or impair the mucosal barrier in the context of viral attack.
Assuntos
Bacteriófagos/fisiologia , Dieta , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/fisiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/virologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos/fisiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/virologia , Vírus , Defensinas/fisiologia , Digestão , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/virologia , Alimentos/virologia , Mucosa Gástrica/imunologia , Mucosa Gástrica/inervação , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Gastroenterite/virologia , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos/imunologia , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/inervação , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Desnutrição/virologia , Muco/metabolismo , Muco/virologia , Neurônios/virologia , Infecções Oportunistas/virologia , Vírus de Plantas , Viroses/microbiologia , Viroses/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Disruption of intestinal barrier is a key component to various diseases. Whether barrier dysfunction is the cause or effect in these situations is still unknown, although it is believed that translocation of luminal content may initiate gastrointestinal or systemic inflammatory disorders. Since trauma- or infection-driven epithelial permeability depends on Toll-like receptor (TLR) activity, inhibition of TLR signaling has been proposed as a strategy to protect intestinal barrier integrity after infection or other pathological conditions. Recently, selective serotonin recapture inhibitors including sertraline and citalopram were shown to inhibit TLR-3 activity, but the direct effects of these antidepressant drugs on the gut mucosa barrier remain largely unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate this, two approaches were used: first, ex vivo studies were performed to evaluate sertraline and citalopram-driven changes in permeability in isolated intestinal tissue. Second, both compounds were tested for their preventive effects in a rat model of disrupted gut barrier, induced by a low protein (LP) diet. RESULTS: Only sertraline was able to increase transepithelial electrical resistance in the rat colon both when used in an ex vivo (0.8 µg/mL, 180 min) or in vivo (30 mg/kg p.o., 20 days) fashion. However, citalopram (20 mg/kg p.o., 20 days), but not sertraline, prevented the increase in phospho-IRF3 protein, a marker of TLR-3 activation, in LP-rat ileum. Neither antidepressant affected locomotion, anxiety-like behaviours or stress-induced defecation. CONCLUSION: Our data provides evidence to support the investigation of sertraline as therapeutic strategy to protect intestinal barrier function under life-threatening situations or chronic conditions associated with gut epithelial disruption.