RESUMO
RESUMO A dengue está entre as doenças virais de propagação vetorial mais importante no mundo, causando sérios impactos de morbidade e mortalidade. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a composição química e a toxicidade do óleo essencial de Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey) D.C. frente Aedes aegypti e Artemia salina. Folhas de M. sylvatica foram coletadas no Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, no município de Carolina (MA) no mês de fevereiro de 2012. O óleo foi obtido por hidrodestilação e sua composição química foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (CG/EM). O bioensaio frente Artemia salina e às larvas de 3° estádio de Aedes aegypti foram realizados em diferentes concentrações. Os dados de mortalidade foram avaliados por regressão linear para determinar os valores de CL50. Obteve-se 0,5% de rendimento, sendo o (E)-cariofileno o constituinte majoritário. O óleo essencial apresentou uma CL50 = 79,44 µg/mL frente A. salina, sendo considerado altamente tóxico. No entanto, este óleo não demonstrou efeito sobre as larvas de A. aegypti. Considerando que o teste de Artemia salina tem correlação com atividades biológicas de grande interesse terapêutico como antitumoral, o óleo essencial das folhas de M. sylvatica demonstrou potencial para desenvolvimento de produtos farmacêuticos.
ABSTRACT Dengue is among the most important viral diseases of vector spread in the world, causing serious impacts of morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition and toxicity of the Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey.) DC essential oil against Aedes aegypti and Artemia salina Leach. Leaves of M. sylvatica. were collected in the Tables Chapada National Park, in the municipality of Carolina (MA) in february 2012. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical composition was determined by GC / MS. The bioassay front and Artemia salina larvae of the 3° stage of Aedes aegypti were performed at different concentrations. Mortality data were evaluated by linear regression to determine the LC50. Was obtained 0.5% yield values, and (E) -caryophyllene the major constituent. The essential oil showed a LC50 = 79.44 mg / mL front A. saline and is considered highly toxic. However, this oil showed no effect on larvae of A. aegypti. Whereas the brine shrimp test has regard to several biological activities, as antitumoral property, the essential oil from the leaves of M. sylvatica demonstrated potential for development of medicines.
Assuntos
Toxicidade , Óleos Voláteis/química , Química , Aedes/classificação , Myrtaceae/química , Artemia/classificação , LarvicidasRESUMO
The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) represents one of the major cheapest sources of non-isoprenoid phenolic lipids, which have a variety of biological properties: they can act as molluscicides, insecticides, fungicides, have anti-termite properties, have medicinal applications, and demonstrate antioxidant activity in vitro. Immature cashew nut-shell liquid (iCNSL) is a unique natural source of unsaturated long-chain phenols. Their use has stimulated much research in order to prepare drug analogues for application in several fields. The objective of the present study was to determine whether iCNSL has antioxidant properties when used in strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to measure the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase. The constituents were identified using thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance. The iCNSL contains anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol, and 2-methyl cardol. Immature cashew nut oil contains triacylglycerols, fatty acids, alkyl-substituted phenols, and cholesterol. The main constituents of the free fatty acids are palmitic (C(16:0)) and oleic acid (C(18:1)). iCNSL has excellent protective activities in strains of S. cerevisiae against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity. iCNSL may have an important role in protecting DNA against damage induced by reactive oxygen species, as well as hydrogen peroxide, generated by intra- and extracellular mechanisms.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Anacardium/química , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Anacárdicos/análise , Colesterol/análise , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/análise , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/química , Resorcinóis/análise , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Triglicerídeos/análiseRESUMO
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in three areas of Brazil was surveyed by a recently developed faecal culture method (an agar plate culture). The Strongyloides infection was confirmed in 11.3% of 432 subjects examined. The diagnostic efficacy of the agar plate culture was as high as 93.9% compared to only 28.5% and 26.5% by the Harada-Mori filter paper culture and faecal concentration methods, when faecal samples were examined simultaneously by these three methods. Among the 49 positive samples, about 60% were confirmed to be positive only by the agar plate culture. These results indicate that the agar plate culture is a sensitive new tool for the correct diagnosis of chronic Strongyloides infection.