RESUMO
The natural isomers of resveratrol, cis- and trans-resveratrol, are natural phenolic substances synthetized via the shikimate pathway and found in many sources, including grapes, peanuts, blackberries, pistachios, cacao, cranberries, and jackfruits. They have functional and pharmacological properties such as anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities. The aim of this article is to review the data published on resveratrol and its isomers, and their biosynthesis in plants, food sources, health and toxic effects, and the excretion of their metabolites. Due to its contribution to the promotion of human health, it is convenient to gather more knowledge about its functional properties, food sources, and the interactions with the human body during the processes of eating, digestion, absorption, biotransformation, and excretion, to combine this information to improve the understanding of these substances.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Alimentos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Plantas/metabolismo , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Disponibilidade Biológica , Biotransformação , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacocinética , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/toxicidade , Vias de Eliminação de Fármacos , Absorção Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacocinética , Hipoglicemiantes/toxicidade , Isomerismo , Resveratrol/metabolismo , Resveratrol/farmacocinética , Resveratrol/toxicidadeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma education programme in moderate and severe asthma patients in a longitudinal, prospective and randomized study with a control group. Fifty-three asthmatic patients were studied, 26 of whom were assigned to the educational group and 27 to the control group. The educational group attended the programme regularly for a period of 6 months. The programme included information about asthma, instruction on the appropriate use of medication and training in the metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique, and information about the identification and control of asthma attacks and the recognition of early signs of exacerbation. The control group was submitted to the routine care provided at the Asthma Clinic, with no formal instruction regarding asthma control. The groups were identical with regard to severity parameters, skills, lung function and quality of life at the beginning of the trial. At the end of the study, the education group showed significant differences when compared with the control group (education/control (mean values)) with respect to: visits to the asthma emergency room over the previous 6 months, 0.7/2 (p=0.03); nocturnal symptoms, 0.3/0.7 (p=0.04); score of symptoms, 1.3/2 (p=0.04). Improvements were also observed in skills and quality of life, knowledge of how to deal with attacks and how to control the environmental triggering factors, 73/35 (<0.05); correct use of the MDI, 8/4 (0.001); understanding of the difference between relief and anti-inflammatory medication, 86/20 (<0.05); and in the global limitation quality of life score, 28/50 (0.02). It is concluded that the educational programme led to a significant improvement in asthma morbidity and that the implantation of educational programmes is possible for special populations when these programmes are adapted to the socioeconomic profile of the patients, with a significant gain in terms of the reduction of symptoms and improved pulmonary function and quality of life of asthmatics.
Assuntos
Asma/reabilitação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/organização & administração , Carência Psicossocial , Adulto , Asma/fisiopatologia , Asma/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Testes de Função Respiratória , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Classe Social , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
We have developed a 6-month educational plan associated with outpatient follow-up and special clinical care for asthmatic patients in a deprived population, with serious socioeconomic problems and a very low level of education. The objective was to determine the effects of the program on clinical asthma outcomes, lung function, and quality of life. Forty patients were enrolled in the program with a regular schedule of outpatient visits, and 31 finished the 6-month intervention, which included information about asthma, instruction in appropriate use of medication, training in metered-dose inhaler technique, how to identify and control asthma triggers, how to use symptom diary cards, and how to recognize early signs of deterioration. Patients included 8 males and 23 females, 47.8 +/- 16.5 years old, with 77.4% elementary school education and 22.6% illiterate, and an average monthly income of around $450. After the 6-month program there was a significant change in asthma control with a reduction in asthma emergency visits and hospitalization, reduction of score symptoms, and improvement in quality of life. Based on the results, educational programs are recommended and should be adapted to the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the target population.