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Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the...(AU)

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Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the...

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Background: The hemangiossarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originated from the alterations of vascular endothelialcells. As it has an aggressive behavior, it is indicated, as initial treatment, wide surgical excision, such as the exenteration, which results in the surgical removal of the ocular bulb and adjacent tissues. The referred technique has as a resulta concave orbit and aesthetically unacceptable. Therefore, various materials, used as orbital implants, have been studiedand used in several species. Thus, it was aimed to report the use of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to fill the orbitalcavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival HSA.Case: A 10-year-old male Pitbull dog was assisted, with a clinical history of growth of a reddish tissue in the left eye, causingconstant hemorrhage, with an evolution of two months. At ophthalmic examination of the left eye, in the temporal bulbar conjunctive was found a reddish neoformation, with an irregular surface, measuring approximately 4 x 2 x 2 cm. The biopsy andaspiration cytology of the neoformation, revealed cells that inferred that they were those of conjunctival HSA. The hemogramrevealed normocytic anemia; the biochemical profile was with the standards of normality and no metastasis were found in theultrasonography and X-ray. The treatment of choice was the exenteration. Initially, the palpebral borders were approximatedusing continuous simple suture wit monofilament nylon thread. An incision was made in the skin, along the orbital rim andthen was performed a rhombus dissection of the conjunctive and all the extraocular muscles. Next, the eye globe, together withthe neoplasia, soft tissues of the orbital cavity and third eyelid were removed. The PMMA was obtained from a mixture of thepowder (polymer) and of the liquid (monomer) in the ratio of 1:1 in a sterile recipient, in...(AU)

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Background: The hemangiossarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originated from the alterations of vascular endothelialcells. As it has an aggressive behavior, it is indicated, as initial treatment, wide surgical excision, such as the exenteration, which results in the surgical removal of the ocular bulb and adjacent tissues. The referred technique has as a resulta concave orbit and aesthetically unacceptable. Therefore, various materials, used as orbital implants, have been studiedand used in several species. Thus, it was aimed to report the use of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to fill the orbitalcavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival HSA.Case: A 10-year-old male Pitbull dog was assisted, with a clinical history of growth of a reddish tissue in the left eye, causingconstant hemorrhage, with an evolution of two months. At ophthalmic examination of the left eye, in the temporal bulbar conjunctive was found a reddish neoformation, with an irregular surface, measuring approximately 4 x 2 x 2 cm. The biopsy andaspiration cytology of the neoformation, revealed cells that inferred that they were those of conjunctival HSA. The hemogramrevealed normocytic anemia; the biochemical profile was with the standards of normality and no metastasis were found in theultrasonography and X-ray. The treatment of choice was the exenteration. Initially, the palpebral borders were approximatedusing continuous simple suture wit monofilament nylon thread. An incision was made in the skin, along the orbital rim andthen was performed a rhombus dissection of the conjunctive and all the extraocular muscles. Next, the eye globe, together withthe neoplasia, soft tissues of the orbital cavity and third eyelid were removed. The PMMA was obtained from a mixture of thepowder (polymer) and of the liquid (monomer) in the ratio of 1:1 in a sterile recipient, in...

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Este artigo revisa os principais aspectos relacionados às abordagens diagnóstica e terapêutica da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães, que se constitui numa das mais freqüentes causas de claudicação atendidas pelos clínicos de pequenos animais.(AU)

This article reviews the major aspects related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of the cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs, one of the most frequent causes of lameness care for small animal clinician.(AU)

Este artigo trae una revisión de los principales aspectos relacionados as abordajes diagnóstica e terapéutica de la ruptura del ligamento cruzado cranial en perros, que es una das más frecuentes causas de cojera atendidas pelos clínicos de los pequeños animales.(AU)

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O metilmetacrilato, resina acrílica de uso odontológico, foi empregado no preenchimento da cavidade orbitária de três cães, acometidos, respectivamente, por neoplasia retrobulbar, neoplasia do bulbo do olho e neoplasia palpebral com extensão para a órbita. O material foi moldado à órbita, ainda na fase pastosa da auto-polimerização. Em todos os casos, o acompanhamento se deu ao 10° e 40° dias e aos 18 meses após a cirurgia. Complicações não foram observadas e efeitos plásticos foram obtidos.

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A osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo medial do fêmur é condição raramente observada como causa de claudicação em membro pélvico de pequenos animais. Descreve-se a ocorrência de quatro casos de osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral medial em dois cães da raça Rottweiler e dois cães Retriever do Labrador, machos, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses e massa corpórea entre 26 e 35Kg. Os animais apresentavam claudicação de aparecimento subagudo, pouco responsiva a drogas antiinflamatórias previamente administradas. Ao exame físico, observou-se claudicação unilateral em três animais e bilateral em um, acompanhada de efusão e crepitação articular discreta, com sensibilidade dolorosa em 2 animais. O exame radiográfico, em projeção cranio-caudal, demonstrou lesão cística radiolucente localizada na superfície articular do côndilo medial sugestiva de osteocondrose, nos quatro cães. Os animais foram submetidos à artrotomia parapatelar lateral, por meio da qual pôde-se confirmar a presença de retalho de cartilagem articular, caracterizando a osteocondrite dissecante. O tratamento consistiu na remoção do ôflapõ, seguida de curetagem e perfuração do osso subcondral com fio de Kirschner. Após a cirurgia foi indicado repouso por um período mínimo de 7 dias, com retorno gradual às atividades. Devido ao infreqüente acometimento da articulação femorotibiopatelar pela afecção em tela, torna-se importante o seu reconhecimento e sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial das claudicações do membro pélvico em cães em fase de crescimento, de modo que formas auxiliares de diagnóstico e tratamento eficaz sejam realizados no intuito de restabelecer a função do membro e retardar a progressão da doença articular degenerativa.(AU)

Osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle is an infrequent cause of hindlimb lameness in litlle animals. This report describes four cases of osteochondritis dissecans of medial femoral condyle in two Rottweilers and in two Labrador Retrievers, both male, between five and nine months of age and weighting between 26 to 35 Kg. The dogs presented subacute onset of hindlimb lameness and low response to antiinflammatory drugs previously administered. Clinical examination showed unilateral lameness in three dogs and bilateral in the other, accompanied by joint effusion, discreet crepitus and pain in two dogs. The radiographic exam in craniocaudal projection shown radiolucent cystic lesion located in the articular surface of the medial condyle, suggesting osteochondrosis. The dogs were submitted to a lateral parapatelar arthrotomy, where an articular flap could be visualised, characterizing osteochondritis dissecans. The treatment consisted of flap removal followed by curettage and perforation of the subcondral bone with Kirschner wire. After surgery, rest was indicated for seven days, with gradual return to physical activities. Due to its infrequent incidence, ostheocondrosis in the femorotibial joint must be included in the differential diagnostic list of hindlimb lameness in growing dogs, so that auxilliary diagnostic tools and effective treatment can be acomplished to restore limb function and delay progression of degenerative joint disease.(AU)

La osteocondritis disecante del cóndilo medial del fémur es una afección raramente observada como causa de claudicación en miembro pélvico de pequeños animales. En este trabajo se mencionan cuatro casos de osteocondritis disecante del cóndilo medial del fémur, dos de los cuales son caninos de raza Rottweiler y dos Labrador Retriever, machos, con edades entre 5 a 9 meses y con un peso entre 26 a 35Kg. Los animales presentaban claudicación subaguda en los miembros pélvicos, con leve respuesta al tratamiento a base de antiinflamatorios. En el examen clínico, se confirmó claudicación unilateral en tres de los animales y bilateral en uno de ellos, acom1pañada de efusión articular y crepitación discreta, además de sensibilidad dolorosa en 2 animales. En el examen radiográfico, vista cranio-caudal, se encontró una lesión quística radiolucida localizada en la superficie articular del cóndilo medial, sugestiva a una osteocondrosis. Los animales fueron sometidos a artrotomía parapatelar lateral, por medio de la cual se pudo confirmar la presencia de un “Flap” articular, característico de una osteocon dritis disecante. El tratamiento consistió en la remoción del “Flap”, seguida de un curetaje del hueso subcondral y una perforación con pino fino de Kirschner. Después de la cirugía, fue indicado reposo por un periodo mínimo de 7 días, con retorno gradual de las actividades. Debido a que la presentación de esta afección en la articulación femoro-tibio-patelar no es muy común, es importante el reconocimiento de ésta y su inclusión en los diagnósticos diferenciales de las claudicaciones del miembro pélvico en caninos en fase de crecimiento, de modo que examenes auxiliares de diagnóstico y tratamientos eficaces de esta afección sean realizados en el intento de restablecer la función del miembro y retardar así la enfermedad articular degenerativa.(AU)

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A osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo medial do fêmur é condição raramente observada como causa de claudicação em membro pélvico de pequenos animais. Descreve-se a ocorrência de quatro casos de osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral medial em dois cães da raça Rottweiler e dois cães Retriever do Labrador, machos, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses e massa corpórea entre 26 e 35Kg. Os animais apresentavam claudicação de aparecimento subagudo, pouco responsiva a drogas antiinflamatórias previamente administradas. Ao exame físico, observou-se claudicação unilateral em três animais e bilateral em um, acompanhada de efusão e crepitação articular discreta, com sensibilidade dolorosa em 2 animais. O exame radiográfico, em projeção cranio-caudal, demonstrou lesão cística radiolucente localizada na superfície articular do côndilo medial sugestiva de osteocondrose, nos quatro cães. Os animais foram submetidos à artrotomia parapatelar lateral, por meio da qual pôde-se confirmar a presença de retalho de cartilagem articular, caracterizando a osteocondrite dissecante. O tratamento consistiu na remoção do ôflapö, seguida de curetagem e perfuração do osso subcondral com fio de Kirschner. Após a cirurgia foi indicado repouso por um período mínimo de 7 dias, com retorno gradual às atividades. Devido ao infreqüente acometimento da articulação femorotibiopatelar pela afecção em tela, torna-se importante o seu reconhecimento e sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial das claudicações do membro pélvico em cães em fase de crescimento, de modo que formas auxiliares de diagnóstico e tratamento eficaz sejam realizados no intuito de restabelecer a função do membro e retardar a progressão da doença articular degenerativa

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Os achados clínicos e radiográficos após reparo intra-articular do ligamento cruzado cranial com prótese de poliéster, utilizando a técnica over-the-top modificada, foram avaliados em seis cäes. Sete cirurgias foram realizadas devido ao acometimento bilateral em um dos animais. A avaliaçäo clínica foi realizada ao 3§, 10§ e 40§ dias de pós-operatório, e a avaliaçäo radiográfica realizada ao 5§ e 24§ meses após a cirurgia em cinco cäes, por meio da qual se confirmou a progressäo da doença articular degenerativa. A resoluçäo dos sinais clínicos foi observada entre o 25§ e 68§ dias após a cirurgia, segundo avaliaçäo realizada pelos proprietários. A funçäo do membro operado foi considerada boa. Dois cäes apresentaram desgaste e ruptura da prótese após a cirurgia. Concluiu-se que a prótese de poliéster, da forma como foi implantada neste estudo, näo pode ser considerada como substituto satisfatório, uma vez que resultados superiores podem se obtidos com técnicas menos invasivas e mais simples.

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A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial é uma das principais doenças ortopédicas que afetam os cäes. Muitas técnicas cirúrgicas foram descritas no intuito de aliviar a dor, restaurar a estabilidade biomecânica do joelho e prevenir a progressäo da osteoartrite. Fáscia lata, fio de poliéster trançado e fio de poliamida foram empregados na estabilizaçäo do joelho após excisäo do ligamento cruzado cranial em cäes, os quais foram submetidos à avaliaçäo radiográfica e macroscópica da articulaçäo. Neste estudo, foram utilizados 18 cäes com massa corporal superior a 15Kg (peso médio - 19,67kg), separados em 3 grupos eqüitativos correspondentes a cada técnica, avaliados durante 30 e 60 dias. Ao exame radiográfico, independentemente de grupo, os cäes apresentaram evidência de efusäo articular moderada a severa, distensäo da cápsula articular e tecidos moles periarticulares, erosäo da cartilagem articular dos côndilos femorais em todos os grupos e afrouxamento dos fios nos cäes submetidos às técnicas de estabilizaçäo extra-articular com fio de poliéster trançado e fio de poliamida.

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