RESUMO
Breeding strategies based on molecular markers have been adopted by ex-situ conservation programs to assess alternative parameters for the genetic diversity estimates. In this work we evaluated molecular and studbook data for captive populations of black-lion-tamarin (BLT), an endangered primate endemic to Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Pedigree analyses were performed using BLT studbook information collected from 1973 to 2018. We analyzed the whole captive population since its foundation; the current captive population (CCP); and all extant BLTs in the Brazilian captive population (BCP), separately. Microsatellite analyses were implemented on the BCP individuals from the eighth generation (BCP-F8) only to avoid generation overlap. The expected heterozygosity for BCP-F8, using molecular, data was 0.45, and the initial expected heterozygosity was 0.69. Kinship parameters showed high genetic relationships in both pedigree and molecular analyses. The genealogy-based endogamy evidenced a high inbreeding coefficient, while the molecular analyses suggested a non-inbreeding signature. The Mate Suitability Index showed detrimental values for the majority of potential pairs in the CCP. Nevertheless, some individuals evidenced high individual heterozygosity and allele representation, demonstrating good potential to be used as breeders. Thus, we propose the use of molecular data as a complementary parameter to evaluate mating-pairs and to aid management decision-making.
Assuntos
Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional/métodos , Leontopithecus/genética , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Brasil , Cruzamento , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Florestas , Genética Populacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Genótipo , Heterozigoto , Masculino , Linhagem , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La deficiencia de hierro es uno de los problemas nutricionales más prevalentes a nivel mundial y afecta principalmente a la población vulnerable como niños menores de 5 años. Los alimentos fortificados de consumo infantil hacen parte de las estrategias de intervención y se elaboran a partir de la mezcla ingredientes como cereales, frutas, leguminosas, entre otros. La arveja, es una leguminosa que puede ser empleada con el fin de aprovechar sus propiedades nutricionales. Objetivo: Diseñar un alimento infantil con arveja (Pisum sativum) listo para consumir, fortificado con hierro e higienizado por pasteurización. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionó el porcentaje de arveja adecuado en el alimento mediante análisis sensorial. La selección de la sal de hierro se realizó mediante análisis fisicoquímico y sensorial empleando sulfato ferroso y hierro aminoquelado. Posteriormente se evaluó el crecimiento de microorganismos mesófilos con el fin de seleccionar el tratamiento térmico de pasteurización. La evaluación de vida útil se llevó a cabo a través de pruebas sensoriales. Finalmente se realizó la evaluación fisicoquímica, composicional y microbiológica del alimento higienizado. Resultados: La adición de arveja en porcentajes no mayores al 6,5% dentro de la formulación del alimento resultó aceptable para los padres de niños menores de 5 años. Por otra parte la sal seleccionada por generar menos cambios sobre el color y la acidez del alimento durante el almacenamiento fue hierro aminoquelado. Los resultados de tratamiento térmico mostraron que para reducir la concentración inicial de mesófilos y obtener un alimento de buena calidad de acuerdo con la normativa colombiana vigente fue necesario someter el alimento a 85°C durante 13 minutos (0,45 D), con lo que se consiguió mantener la calidad inicial del alimento durante 12 días bajo refrigeración. Conclusiones: El alimento desarrollado cumple con los criterios sensoriales y microbiológicos exigidos en la normativa colombiana vigente y es apto para el consumo, además se puede catalogar como alto en hierro y buena fuente de proteína, aportando el 25% y el 15% de la recomendación diaria en Colombia respectivamente.
Abstract Introduction: Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional problems at the global level which mainly affects the vulnerable population as children under 5 years of age. Fortified foods of child consumption are part of the intervention strategies, which are made from the mixture of ingredients such as cereals, fruits, legumes, among others. Pea is a legume that can be used in order to take advantage of its nutritional properties. Objective: To design a ready-to-eat child food with peas (Pisum sativum), fortified with iron and sanitized by pasteurization. Materials and methods: The appropriate percentage of peas in the food was selected by sensory analysis. The selection of iron salt was made by physicochemical and sensory analysis using ferrous sulphate and chelate iron. Subsequently, the growth of mesophilic microorganisms was evaluated in order to select the pasteurization heat treatment. The useful life evaluation was carried out through sensory tests. Finally, the physico-chemical, compositional and microbiological evaluation of the sanitized food was implemented. Results: The addition of peas in percentages not greater than 6.5% within the food formulation was acceptable for parents of children under 5. On the other hand, the selected salt to generate less changes on the color and acidity of the food during storage was chelate iron. The results of heat treatment showed that for reducing the initial concentration of mesophiles and obtaining a good quality food according to the Colombian regulations in force, it was necessary to submit the food to 85 °C for 13 minutes (0.45 D), which managed to maintain the initial quality of the food for 12 days under refrigeration. Conclusions: The developed food complies with the sensory and microbiological criteria demanded in the Colombian regulations in force and is suitable for consumption. Besides, it can be catalogued as high in iron and a good source of protein, contributing with 25% and 15% of the daily recommendation in Colombia, respectively.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Alimentos Fortificados , Alimentos Infantis , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Necessidades Nutricionais , Pasteurização , Pisum sativumRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: Non-compressible torso haemorrhage is the leading cause of death in trauma cases. This has led to the development of new devices to control bleeding, including Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). Objective: To perform a non-systematic review of the literature on the use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in trauma. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search through Medline was conducted. Articles relevant to our objective were selected. A qualitative and narrative synthesis of results is presented. Results: Our qualitative and narrative results show that Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta could be a safe and effective intervention for the control of haemorrhage in abdomino-pelvic trauma. Its use is controversial in thoracic trauma. Finally, the performance of this intervention may cause complications. Conclusion: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta is an alternative that can be used in damage control surgery. It could be effective for early control of bleeding in patients with non-compressible torso haemorrhage. As a complex intervention, REBOA is in its development phase, and the evidence available preclude us from providing strong recommendations.
Resumen Introducción: La hemorragia no compresible del torso es la principal causa de muerte asociada al trauma. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos para el control hemorrágico, y uno de estos es el balón de resucitación aórtico endovascular (REBOA). Objetivo: Realizar una revisión no sistemática de la literatura con respecto al uso del REBOA en trauma. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en Medline, se seleccionaron los artículos relevantes para el logro de nuestro objetivo ycon estos se realizó una síntesis cualitativa y narrativa de la literatura disponible. Resultados: Nuestra síntesis cualitativa y narrativa muestra que el REBOA podría ser una intervención segura yefectiva para el control de la hemorragia en trauma abdominopélvico. Su uso es controvertido en trauma torácico. Finalmente, el uso del balón de resucitación aórtico endovascular puede causar complicaciones relacionadas con su aplicación. Conclusión: El REBOA es una alternativa en la cirugía de control de daños que podría ser efectiva en el control de la hemorragia no compresible del torso de origen abdominopélvico. Al ser una intervención compleja, el REBOA se encuentra todavía en fase de desarrollo yla evidencia disponible no es suficiente para proveer recomendaciones fuertes.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
This is the first study analyzing genetic diversity in captive individuals of the endangered black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, and also comparing genetic diversity parameters between wild populations and captive groups using the same set of molecular markers. We evaluated genetic diversity and differentiation for the Brazilian and European captive groups and a wild population through 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity levels were similar among Brazilian captive, European captive and wild animals from the National Forest of Capão Bonito. Expected heterozygosity showed values ranging from 0.403 to 0.462, and significant differences were not observed among the populations. Different allele frequencies were observed among the groups, which showed the presence of distinct private alleles. The PCoA analysis evidenced three main clusters suggesting that the captive Brazilian and European groups are markedly differentiated both from one another and from the wild population of Capão Bonito. Likewise, the most likely number of genetic clusters (K) revealed by Structure was three. Such a structure is probably the result of the strength of drift and non-random reproduction in these small and isolated groups. Despite this differentiation, all groups still have similar genetic diversity levels, comparable to other callitrichids. The data obtained herein are important to increasing knowledge of the genetics of tamarins and supporting breeding programs to prevent loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression.
Assuntos
Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Leontopithecus/genética , Animais , Animais Selvagens/genética , Animais de Zoológico/genética , Brasil , Ilhas Anglo-Normandas , Feminino , França , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of REBOA, compared to resuscitative thoracotomy, on mortality and among non-compressible torso hemorrhage trauma patients. METHODS: Relevant articles were identified by a literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE. We included studies involving trauma patients suffering non-compressible torso hemorrhage. Studies were eligible if they evaluated REBOA and compared it to resuscitative thoracotomy. Two investigators independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected studies for final analysis. We conducted meta-analysis using random effect models. RESULTS: We included three studies in our systematic review. These studies included a total of 1276 patients. An initial analysis found that although lower in REBOA-treated patients, the odds of mortality did not differ between the compared groups (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.17-1.03). Sensitivity analysis showed that the risk of mortality was significantly lower among patients who underwent REBOA, compared to those who underwent resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68-0.97). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis, mainly from observational data, suggests a positive effect of REBOA on mortality among non-compressible torso hemorrhage patients. However, these results deserve further investigation.
Assuntos
Aorta/cirurgia , Oclusão com Balão/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Oclusão com Balão/normas , Oclusão com Balão/tendências , Constrição , Procedimentos Endovasculares/normas , Procedimentos Endovasculares/tendências , Humanos , Ressuscitação/métodos , Ressuscitação/mortalidade , Choque Hemorrágico/terapia , Análise de Sobrevida , Traumatismos Torácicos/terapiaRESUMO
Objetivos La oclusión ideal es un estándar hipotético basado en las relaciones morfológicas de los dientes, se caracteriza por una perfección en la anatomía y posición dental, contactos mesiodistales, alineamiento en el arco e interdigitación dental. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico de la oclusión dental en escolares del municipio de envigado de instituciones públicas, del área urbana y rural, durante el primer semestre de 2010. Materiales y Métodos Se realizo un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes con edades entre los 5 y los 12 años de edad. Se calculo un tamaño de muestra de 436 estudiantes, distribuidos en 6 instituciones educativas del área rural y 6 del área urbana. Se realizó un examen clínico de la cavidad oral donde se evaluaron diferentes variables oclusales en los tres planos del espacio: sagital, trasversal y vertical. Resultados Se evaluaron un total 436 sujetos, con una edad promedio de 8 años (8±1,9), la maloclusión con mayor prevalencia para la dentición permanente, fue del 49,7 % (176/354) para la maloclusión clase I, 43,5 % (154/354) para la maloclusión clase II y del 6,8 % (24/354) para la maloclusión clase III. Conclusión La maloclusión clase I de Angle fue la más prevalente con alteraciones en los planos vertical y trasversal y problemas de espacio en el segmento anterior.
Objectives Ideal occlusion is a hypothetical standard based on teeth's morphological relationships and is characterised by perfection in anatomy and dental position, mesiodistal contacts, arch alignment and dental interdigitation. This investigation was aimed at determining the epidemiological profile of dental occlusion of children attending urban and rural public schools in Envigado during the first semester, 2010. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out on patients ranging from 5 to 12 years of age. A sample size of 436 students from 6 rural schools 6 urban institutions was calculated. The oral cavity was clinically examined and different occlusal variables on the three planes of space were evaluated: sagittal, transversal, and vertical. Results 436 subjects were evaluated; average age was 8 years (±1.9). The most prevalent malocclusion for permanent dentition was Angle's Class I (49.7%, 176/354), followed by Angle's Class II (43.5%, 154/354) and Angle's Class III (6.8%, 24/354). Conclusion Angle's Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent condition with alterations in both vertical and transversal planes and space problems in the anterior segment.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oclusão Dentária , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Dente Decíduo , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dentição Mista , Dentição Permanente , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Ideal occlusion is a hypothetical standard based on teeth's morphological relationships and is characterised by perfection in anatomy and dental position, mesiodistal contacts, arch alignment and dental interdigitation. This investigation was aimed at determining the epidemiological profile of dental occlusion of children attending urban and rural public schools in Envigado during the first semester, 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out on patients ranging from 5 to 12 years of age. A sample size of 436 students from 6 rural schools 6 urban institutions was calculated. The oral cavity was clinically examined and different occlusal variables on the three planes of space were evaluated: sagittal, transversal, and vertical. RESULTS: 436 subjects were evaluated; average age was 8 years (±1.9). The most prevalent malocclusion for permanent dentition was Angle's Class I (49.7%, 176/354), followed by Angle's Class II (43.5%, 154/354) and Angle's Class III (6.8%, 24/354). CONCLUSION: Angle's Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent condition with alterations in both vertical and transversal planes and space problems in the anterior segment.