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SUMMARY: Although almost all studies exclude lip conditions because they would affect furrow patterns, some authors maintain that they should be considered temporary or permanent disabilities, all of which require further research in this context.We present a study in which we associate lip conditions with lip print patterns to associate both morphological elements for fieldwork purposes. Fifty-seven women and 48 men aged between 19 and 38 years who resided in Temuco (Chile) were included. The lip conditions and their prints were recorded, and an analysis, comparison, evaluation, and verification protocol (ACE-V) for lip prints was applied. Of the participants, 27.4 % had healthy lips, while 71.7 % had some type of condition. Although patterns related to temporary and permanent lip conditions were recognized in the lip prints in a non-significant way, the diagnosis of "healthy" or "altered" lip status could be made significantly by a calibrated examiner. Although these conditions do not represent identifying variables without empirical studies to validate them, they can affect the quality of the evaluated lip print; therefore, they should be recognized during the analyses considering the prevalence of these conditions.

Aunque casi todos los estudios excluyen las afecciones labiales pues afectarían los patrones de sus surcos y huellas, algunos autores sostienen que deben ser consideradas alteraciones temporales o permanentes, por lo que se requiere mayor investigación en este aspecto. Se presenta un estudio en el que se asocian afecciones labiales con sus patrones de huellas para evaluar conjuntamente ambos elementos morfológicos con fines de trabajo forense de campo. Se incluyeron 57 mujeres y 48 hombres con edades entre 19 y 38 años residentes en Temuco (Chile). Se registraron las afecciones de los labios y sus huellas, y se aplicó un protocolo de análisis, comparación, evaluación y verificación (ACE-V) para las huellas labiales. De los participantes, el 27,4 % tenía labios sanos, mientras que el 71,7 % presentaba algún tipo de afección. Aunque los patrones relacionados con afecciones labiales temporales y permanentes se reconocieron en las huellas labiales de manera no significativa, un examinador calibrado podría realizar significativamente el diagnóstico de estado labial "sano" o "alterado". Si bien estas condiciones no representan variables de identificación sin estudios empíricos que las validen, pueden afectar la calidad de la impresión labial evaluada; por lo tanto, deben ser reconocidos durante los análisis considerando la prevalencia de estas condiciones.

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Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer progression is under mitochondrial control. Mitochondrial fission plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cancer cell homeostasis. The inhibition of DRP1, the main regulator of mitochondrial fission, with the mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) had been associated with cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutics and decrease proliferation. Here, using breast cancer cells we find that mdivi-1 induces the detachment of the cells, leading to a bulk of floating cells that conserved their viability. Despite a decrease in their proliferative and clonogenic capabilities, these floating cells maintain the capacity to re-adhere upon re-seeding and retain their migratory and invasive potential. Interestingly, the cell detachment induced by mdivi-1 is independent of DRP1 but relies on inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, mdivi-1 induces cell detachment rely on glucose and the pentose phosphate pathway. Our data evidence a novel DRP1-independent effect of mdivi-1 in the attachment of cancer cells. The generation of floating viable cells restricts the use of mdivi-1 as a therapeutic agent and demonstrates that mdivi-1 effect on cancer cells are more complex than anticipated.

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In 2013, midpalatal suture maturation stage assessment was proposed for the evaluation of patients before performing maxillary expansion. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between the midpalatal suture maturation stages assessed by CBCT, according to the method described by Angelieri et al., and other objective methods used to assess skeletal maturation or bone fusion. A computerized database search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus, without language restriction. Unpublished literature was searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Authors were contacted when necessary, and reference lists of the included studies were screened. Search terms included midpalatal suture, maturation, correlation, diagnostic performance, classification, evaluation, assessment, and relationship. Quality assessment was performed using the Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Of all the studies included, 81.9% had fair qualit y and 18.1% good quality, respectively. Eight out of eleven studies assessed the correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation method and the skeletal maturity evaluated by CVM method (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.244-0.908). Two out of eleven studies evaluated the correlation between midpalatal suture maturation method and the skeletal maturity assessed by HWM method (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.904-0.905) Even though midpalatal suture maturation stage assessment needs an exhaustive training and calibration process, it is a valid method to evaluate skeletal maturation or bone fusion. From a clinical perspective, for patients at CS4, CS5 and CS6, an assessment of the midpalatal suture on CBCT is indicated. A similar assessment should be done in patients at SMI 7-9.

En 2013, se propuso un nuevo método para la evaluación del estadio de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana para la evaluación de los pacientes antes de realizar la expansión maxilar. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre las etapas de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana evaluada en CBCT, según el método descrito por Angelieri et al., y otros métodos objetivos utilizados para evaluar la maduración esquelética o la fusión ósea. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science y Scopus, sin restricción de idioma. Se buscó literatura no publicada en ClinicalTrials.gov, el Registro Nacional de Investigación y la base de datos Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis. Se estableció contacto con los autores cuando fue necesario y se revisaron las listas de referencias de los estudios incluidos. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron sutura palatina mediana, maduración, correlación, rendimiento diagnóstico, clasificación, evaluación, valoración y relación. La evaluación de la calidad se realizó mediante la herramienta de Estudios transversales y de cohortes observacionales desarrollada por el Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre. Once estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Del total de estudios incluidos, el 81.9% tuvo calidad regular y el 18.1% calidad buena, respectivamente. Ocho de once estudios evaluaron la correlación entre el método de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana y la madurez esquelética evaluada por el método CVM (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman: 0.244-0.908). Dos de once estudios evaluaron la correlación entre el método de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana y la madurez esquelética evaluada por el método HWM (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman: 0.904-0.905). Aunque la evaluación del estado de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana necesita un proceso exhaustivo de entrenamiento y calibración, es un método válido para evaluar la maduración esquelética o la fusión ósea. Desde una perspectiva clínica, para pacientes en CS4, CS5 y CS6, está indicada una evaluación de la sutura palatina mediana en CBCT. Se debe realizar una evaluación similar en pacientes con SMI 7-9.

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Mandibular movement recording is relevant for the planning and evaluation of mandibular function. These movements can include mandibular border movements (MBM) or mastication. Our objective was to characterize the kinematics of MBM and mastication among skeletal classes I, II, and III in the three spatial planes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 participants. Instructions were provided on how to form Posselt's envelope and to perform masticatory. After data processing, we obtained numerical values for the areas, trajectories, and ranges of MBM that formed Posselt's envelope and the values for speed, masticatory frequency, and the areas of each masticatory cycle. Significant differences were found in the area of Posselt's envelope in the horizontal plane between skeletal classes I and III and in the range of right laterality between skeletal classes II and III. Mastication showed significant differences in the area of the masticatory cycles in the horizontal plane between classes I and III and between classes II and III. In conclusion, there were differences in MBM and mastication between skeletal classes III and I in the horizontal plane. This study supports the need to establish normal values for mandibular kinematics in skeletal class III.

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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of midpalatal maturational stages in a Chilean urban sample of adolescents, post-adolescents and young adults, associated with chronological age and sex, by assessing CBCT scan images. Tomographic images in axial sections of the midpalatal sutures from 116 adolescents and young adults (61 females and 55 males, 10-25 years old) were classified according to their morphologic characteristics in five maturational stages (A, B, C, D and E), as proposed by Angelieri et al. The sample was divided into three groups: adolescents, post-adolescents and young adults. Three previously calibrated examiners (radiologist, orthodontist and general dentist) analyzed and classified the images. Stages A, B and C were considered to be an open midpalatal suture, and D and E were considered to be a partially or totally closed midpalatal suture. The most frequent stage of maturation was D (37.9%), followed by C (24%) and E (19.6%). The possibility of finding closed midpalatal sutures in individuals of 10 to 15 years was 58.4%, and in subjects aged 16 to 20 and 21 to 25 years, it was 51.7% and 61.7%, respectively. In males, Stages D and E were present in 45.4%; for females, this prevalence was 68.8%. Individual assessment of the midpalatal suture in each patient is of crucial importance before making the clinical decision of which is the best maxillary expansion method. Due to the extensive calibration and training required, it is advisable to always request a report from a radiologist. Individual evaluation with 3D imaging is recommended because of the great variability observed in the ossification of midpalatal sutures in adolescents, post-adolescents and young adults.

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The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells requires that a variety of subcellular organelles perform unique tasks, even though they form highly dynamic communication networks. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, their functional coupling relies on the physical interaction between their membranes, mediated by domains known as mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs act as shuttles for calcium and lipid transfer between organelles, and for the nucleation of other subcellular processes. Of note, mounting evidence shows that they are heterogeneous structures, which display divergent behaviors depending on the cell type. Furthermore, MERCs are plastic structures that remodel according to intra- and extracellular cues, thereby adjusting the function of both organelles to the cellular needs. In consonance with this notion, the malfunction of MERCs reportedly contributes to the development of several age-related disorders. Here, we integrate current literature to describe how MERCs change, starting from undifferentiated cells, and their transit through specialization, malignant transformation (i.e., dedifferentiation), and aging/senescence. Along this journey, we will review the function of MERCs and their relevance for pivotal cell types, such as stem and cancer cells, cardiac, skeletal, and smooth myocytes, neurons, leukocytes, and hepatocytes, which intervene in the progression of chronic diseases related to age.

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Mesiodens are the most common supernumerary teeth and are detected incidentally during routine radiographic examination, so late diagnosis complications are very common. The dentist must make a timely diagnosis and thus avoid clinical complications. Despite advances in knowledge of dental morphogenesis and differentiation, the etiology of mesiodens remains unclear. Therefore, several theories have been postulated to explain how and why they develop. It was described in the literature that heredity could play an important role in the appearance of supernumerary teeth, with a higher rate of appearance in relatives of those affected. This article reports three cases, a mother and two children, who present mesiodens, which shows that supernumerary teeth may involve a genetic factor. In addition, a literature review was carried out to assess the importance of the genetic factor as a possible cause of mesiodens. The relevance and implications of timely diagnosis in clinical practice to avoid manifestations of clinical complications are discussed. Therefore, the identification of the genetic risk factors responsible for the formation of supernumerary teeth is essential for developing a screening tool to determine an individual's genetic risk.

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El bullying es un fenómeno definido como una forma de agresión intencional que incluye actos verbales, físicos o psicológicos que ocurren en una relación con otras personas de manera reiterada, sistemática y sostenida en el tiempo. La mayor parte de los estudios se concentran en el bullying y las consecuencias en población escolar normotípica, sin embargo, existe poca exploración en el bullying que es resultado de un trastorno comunicativo. Es por ello que la labor de los fonoaudiólogos insertos en ámbitos educativos no es clara en explicitar los lineamientos de acciones terapéuticas que favorezcan la prevención de este fenómeno. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer las principales concepciones que los fonoaudiólogos tienen sobre el bullying en personas con trastornos de la comunicación en edad escolar. Con este objetivo, se realizó una investigación con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, mediados por encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad respectivamente. Se encontró que más del 65% del bullying entre personas dentro de los establecimientos educacionales se relaciona con niños de entre 9 y 12 años de edad con trastornos de la comunicación. En cuanto a la autopercepción del rol fonoaudiológico en el tema de la prevención e/o intervención en temas de bullying, emergen los conceptos de favorecer los aspectos del lenguaje y/o del habla en los niños que tienen dificultad, la sensibilización de los actores involucrados, el refuerzo del autoestima y el trabajo en equipo interdisciplinario. Finalizando el tratamiento analítico de las entrevistas, se establece que la Fonoaudiología cumpliría un papel fundamental en el abordaje del bullying en poblaciones con trastornos de la comunicación, siendo el profesional que actúa directamente sobre la salud comunicativa.

Bullying is a phenomenon defined as a form of intentional aggression that includes verbal, physical or psychological acts that occur in a relationship with other people in a repeated, systematic and sustained manner over time. Most of the studies focus on bullying and its consequences in the normal school population, however, there is little exploration of bullying that is the result of a communication disorder. This is why the work of speech therapists inserted in educational settings is not clear in explaining the guidelines for therapeutic actions that favor the prevention of this phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to know the main conceptions that speech-language pathologists have about bullying in people with communication disorders at school age. With this objective, an investigation was carried out with quantitative and qualitative methods, mediated by surveys and in-depth interviews, respectively. It was found that more than 65% of bullying between people within educational establishments is related to children between 9 and 12 years of age with communication disorders. Regarding the self-perception of the speech-language pathology role in the issue of prevention and/or intervention in bullying issues, the concepts of favoring aspects of language and/or speech in children who have difficulty emerge, raising awareness of the actors involved, the reinforcement of self-esteem and interdisciplinary teamwork. Completing the analytical treatment of the interviews, it is established that speech therapy would play a fundamental role in addressing bullying in populations with communication disorders, being the professional who acts directly on communicative health.

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Scarce genomic resources have limited the development of breeding programs for serrasalmid fish Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) and Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), the key native freshwater fish species produced in South America. The main objectives of this study were to design a dense SNP array for this fish group and to validate its performance on farmed populations from several locations in South America. Using multiple approaches based on different populations of tambaqui and pacu, a final list of 29,575 and 29,612 putative SNPs was selected, respectively, to print an Axiom AFFYMETRIX (THERMOFISHER) SerraSNP array. After validation, 74.17% (n = 21,963) and 71.25% (n = 21,072) of SNPs were classified as polymorphic variants in pacu and tambaqui, respectively. Most of the SNPs segregated within each population ranging from 14,199 to 19,856 in pacu; and from 15,075 to 20,380 in tambaqui. Our results indicate high levels of genetic diversity and clustered samples according to their hatchery origin. The developed SerraSNP array represents a valuable genomic tool approaching in-depth genetic studies for these species.

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Sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) is an ectoparasite which causes major production losses in the salmon aquaculture industry worldwide. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are two of the most susceptible salmonid species to sea lice infestation. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify genomic regions associated with resistance to Caligus rogercresseyi in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout by performing single-step Genome-Wide Association studies (ssGWAS), and (2) identify candidate genes related to trait variation based on exploring orthologous genes within the associated regions across species. A total of 2626 Atlantic salmon and 2643 rainbow trout were challenged and genotyped with 50 K and 57 K SNP panels, respectively. We ran two independent ssGWAS for sea lice resistance on each species and identified 7 and 13 regions explaining more than 1% of the genetic variance for the trait, with the most important regions explaining 3% and 2.7% for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively. We identified genes associated with immune response, cytoskeleton function, and cell migration when focusing on important genomic regions for each species. Moreover, we found 15 common orthogroups which were present in more than one associated genomic region, within- or between-species; however, only one orthogroup showed a clear potential biological relevance in the response against sea lice. For instance, dual-specificity protein phosphatase 10-like (dusp10) and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 8 (dusp8) were found in genomic regions associated with lice density in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively. Dusp10 and dusp8 are modulators of the MAPK pathway and might be involved in the differences of the inflammation response between lice resistant and susceptible fish from both species. Our results provide further knowledge on candidate genes related to sea lice resistance and may help establish better control for sea lice in fish populations.

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