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AIMS: To assess the capability of Pichia kudriavzevii strains isolated from wine, cider, and natural environments in North Patagonia to produce ciders with reduced malic acid levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fermentation kinetics and malic acid consumption were assessed in synthetic media and in regional acidic apple musts. All P. kudriavzevii strains degraded malic acid and grew in synthetic media with malic acid as the sole carbon source. Among these strains, those isolated from cider exhibited higher fermentative capacity, mainly due to increased fructose utilization; however, a low capacity to consume sucrose present in the must was also observed for all strains. The NPCC1651 cider strain stood out for its malic acid consumption ability in high-malic acid Granny Smith apple must. Additionally, this strain produced high levels of glycerol as well as acceptable levels of acetic acid. On the other hand, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ÑIF8 reference strain isolated from Patagonian wine completely consumed reducing sugars and sucrose and showed an important capacity for malic acid consumption in apple must fermentations. CONCLUSIONS: Pichia kudriavzevii NPCC1651 strain isolated from cider evidenced interesting features for the consumption of malic acid and fructose in ciders.

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This study aimed to evaluate markers of the CLOCK gene rs1801260 and rs4864548 in Mexican adolescents, addressing clinical and biological aspects previously associated with ADHD. 347 Mexican adolescents were assessed for mental disorders, metabolic disruption and related conditions, circadian preference, as well as genotyping for the CLOCK. We found a significant association between ADHD and the AA and AG genotypes of rs1801260. Also, we identified in the ADHD group that the total Triiodothyronine and total Thyroxine values were respectively 10 ng/dl units and 0.58 ug/dl units lower in females than in males. Previously reported common variations of the CLOCK gene have been associated with ADHD like the Rs1801260 polymorphism hereby we could consider it as risk factor, but genetic, biochemical and clinical studies in the Mexican population are entailed.

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The history of colonization and dispersal of fauna among deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems remains enigmatic and poorly understood. The distribution of squat lobsters of the genus Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 can be influenced by the rich organic matter and associated organism communities of chemosynthetic ecosystems. The present work analyzed the molecular relationships and morphology of individuals from different populations of Munidopsis exuta Macpherson & Segonzac, 2005 and M. geyeri Pequegnat & Pequegnat, 1970 in such ecosystems along the Atlantic Equatorial Belt, including the Chapopote Knoll, in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Munidopsis geyeri is re-described based on the present findings and reference to the literature. This analysis documented the genetic distances, as well as range of variation in the diagnostic characters that support the separation of M. exuta and M. geyeri. Our results confirm that the two species coexist in seep ecosystems and have an amphi-Atlantic distribution.

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RESUMEN La insuficiencia renal aguda es definida como la pérdida de función del riñón ocasionada por diversas causas, entre ellas infección e ingesta de fármacos. Esta entidad tiene alta morbilidad y mortalidad en las unidades de cuidados críticos. El tratamiento de la misma va desde la propia protección renal hasta la sustitución artificial de las funciones del riñón lesionado. En la actualidad la terapia de reemplazo renal continua se ha utilizado como soporte renal, y ofrece mayor estabilidad clínica a los pacientes más inestables. En esta revisión se comentan conceptos, indicaciones y los más recientes estudios que validan el uso de esta terapéutica, así como el método de programación que se utilizó en un paciente con diagnóstico de una leptospirosis icterohemorrágica (síndrome de Weil), que estuvo en shock séptico con disfunción multiorgánica, donde se empleó esta terapia con resultados satisfactorios (AU).

ABSTRACT Acute kidney failure is defined as the loss of kidney function caused by various causes, including infection and drug intake. This entity has high morbidity and mortality in critical care units. Treatment ranges from renal protection to artificial replacement of the functions of the injured kidney. Currently, continuous renal replacement therapy has been used as renal support, and offers greater clinical stability to the most unstable patients. In this review, authors discuss concepts, indications and the most recent studies that validate the use of this therapeutic, as well as the programming method that was used in a patient with diagnosis of icteric-hemorrhagic leptospirosis (Weil syndrome), who was in septic shock with multiorgan dysfunction, where this therapy was used with satisfactory results (AU).

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RESUMEN El Blastocystis sp. es un parásito frecuente en el humano, identificado por el laboratorio en muestras de heces fecales. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 5 años atendido en consulta de Gastroenterología en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente Provincial Eliseo Noel Caamaño, de Matanzas, por presentar dolor abdominal, heces pastosas, náuseas y vómitos desde hacía un año. Llevó tratamiento con ranitidina, omeprazol y domperidona, sin mejoría clínica. Se realizó estudio coproparasitológico en muestras de heces fecales seriadas, con la presencia del Blastocystis hominis. Se indicó tratamiento con metronidazol, sin mejoría clínica, y posteriormente se indicó como alternativa la nitazoxanida. Se evaluó a los 15 días, sin sintomatología y con negativización de las heces fecales seriadas. Resulta frecuente el desconocimiento y la poca importancia que los profesionales sanitarios muestran ante esta infestación, aunque cada vez más se confirma la participación del parásito en manifestaciones clínicas (AU).

ABSTRACT Blastocystis sp. is a frequent parasite in humans, identified in the laboratory in samples of fecal feces. The case of a 5-year-old patient is presented; he assisted the consultation of Gastroenterology in the Provincial Teaching Pediatric Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño in Matanzas, suffering abdominal pain, mash feces, nauseas and vomits for one year, and was treated with ranitidine, omeprazole and domperidone without clinical improvement. A coproparasitological study was carried out in serial fecal feces samples with the presence of Blastocystis hominis. Treatment with metronidazole was indicated without clinical improvement and them, as an alternative, nitazoxanide was indicated. He was evaluated at 15 days without symptoms and with negative serial fecal feces. The ignorance and the little importance that health professionals show towards this infestation are frequent, although more and more frequently it is confirmed the participation of the parasite in clinical manifestations (AU).

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Abstract Background A relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity has been consistently documented. Obesity and metabolic syndrome have been associated with misalignment between daily activities and circadian rhythm. ADHD patients have a high prevalence of delayed sleep phase syndrome, which is a circadian rhythm disorder. Understanding this relationship is important for the evaluation of obese population at risk. Objective The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the information updated until 2019 about the role of circadian rhythms in obese ADHD individuals. Method A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar database. The terms ADHD, obesity, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, adolescent, adult, Adolesc, circadian, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and child were combined with logical functions. Results A total of 132 articles were reviewed. Evidence showed that ADHD subjects have an increased risk to present obesity and circadian rhythms disorders. Some possible pathways for this relationship have been hypothesized including obesity as a risk factor, an underpinned common biological dysfunction, and behavioral and cognitive features of individuals with ADHD. As most of the articles are methodologically cross-sectional, it is not possible to establish causative associations. Discussion and conclusion This review points out the importance of early recognizing and treating circadian rhythms disorders and obesity in ADHD patients. Future studies must be carried out with a longitudinal design to establish the effect of each comorbidity in the treatment of individuals with ADHD.

Resumen Antecedentes La relación entre el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y la obesidad se ha documentado consistentemente. Por otro lado, el síndrome metabólico y la obesidad se han asociado con un desfase del ritmo circadiano. En poblaciones clínicas con TDAH se han encontrado una alta prevalencia del trastorno de fase de sueño retrasada, el cual es un trastorno del ritmo circadiano. Entender la relación entre estos padecimientos es importante para evaluar la población en riesgo de obesidad. Objetivo Resumir la información actualizada hasta 2019 sobre el rol del ritmo circadiano en individuos obesos con TDAH. Método Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y Google Scholar. Los términos TDAH, obesidad, ritmos circadianos, trastornos del sueño, adolescentes, adultos y niños se combinaron con operadores lógicos. Resultados Se revisaron un total de 132 artículos. La evidencia demostró que los sujetos con TDAH tienen un alto riesgo de sufrir obesidad y ritmos circadianos alterados. Existen algunas hipótesis para establecer esta relación, incluyendo la obesidad como factor de riesgo para TDAH, la disfunción biológica común entre estos trastornos y las características conductuales y cognitivas de los individuos con TDAH. Sin embargo, como la mayoría de los artículos son transversales, no es posible establecer una asociación causal. Discusión y conclusión Esta revisión señala la importancia del reconocimiento temprano y tratamiento de los trastornos del ritmo circadiano y obesidad en pacientes con TDAH. Estudios futuros deben realizarse de manera longitudinal para establecer el efecto de estas comorbilidades en el tratamiento de los individuos con TDAH.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: Las diferencias emocionales de género han sido poco estudiadas desde el enfoque del juicio moral. En particular, se desconoce la incidencia de las emociones morales primarias en el juicio moral, y si los hombres y las mujeres frente al horror moral, a través del orgullo y la culpa, razonan de manera diferente sobre lo correcto y lo incorrecto. Objetivo: identificar las diferencias de género frente al horror moral manifiesto de un parricidio. Métodos: estudio descriptivo explicativo, que se aplicó el Cuestionario Moral Emocional a 170 participantes (118 mujeres y 52 hombres). Se realizó la prueba de confiabilidad de los subíndices de culpa y orgullo, cuya consistencia interna resultó buena. La prueba t de Student se realizó para demostrar las hipótesis sobre las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Resultados: el valor medio del subíndice de horror moral obtenido por las mujeres fue mayor que el de los hombres. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias importantes en el juicio moral emocional, ni con respecto a los índices de culpa u orgullo. Conclusión: las mujeres expresan mayor horror ante un estímulo moral violento. Se observó cierto comportamiento inverso entre culpa y orgullo en los participantes. Las diferencias de género, significativas o no, pueden deberse a la regulación emocional.

ABSTRACT Background: Emotional gender differences have been little studied from the perspective of moral judgment. In particular, the incidence of primary moral emotions on moral judgment is unknown, and whether men and women in the face of moral horror, through pride and guilt, think differently about right and wrong. Objective: to identify gender differences facing the manifest moral horror of a parricide. Methods: descriptive explanatory study, which applied the Emotional Moral Questionnaire to 170 participants (118 women and 52 men). The reliability test of the guilt and pride subscripts was performed, whose internal consistency was good. Student's t-test was performed to demonstrate the hypotheses about the differences between men and women. Results: the average value of the moral horror subscript obtained by women was higher than that of men. However, there were no significant differences in emotional moral judgment, nor with respect to rates of guilt or pride. Conclusion: women express greater horror at a violent moral stimulus. A certain reverse behavior between guilt and pride was observed in the participants. Gender differences, significant or not, may be due to emotional regulation.

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Resumen Introducción: los pólipos del colon son los tumores más comunes del tracto gastrointestinal. Se presentan relativamente frecuentes en niños. El método eficaz para su diagnóstico es la colonoscopia que permite su tratamiento mediante la polipectomía. Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas, endoscópicas e histológicas de los pólipos colorrectales, diagnosticados en niños atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial "Eliseo Noel Caamaño", de la ciudad de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en niños diagnosticados con pólipos colorrectales y atendidos en el hospital. En el período comprendido del 2010 al 2018. Se estudiaron 141 pacientes menores de 18 años, con diagnóstico de pólipos por colonoscopia confirmado en el estudio histológico. Se excluyeron los pacientes con diagnósticos diferentes a pólipos y aquellos que no se pudieron estudiar histológicamente. Resultados: se observó mayor frecuencia de pacientes con pólipos en las edades entre 1 y 10 años (37,6 %), del sexo masculino (57,4 %). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el sangramiento digestivo bajo, (96,3 %) y prolapso de masa T por el recto, (27 %). Los pólipos estudiados se localizaron con mayor frecuencia en rectosigmoide (73, 4 %), predominando los pólipos únicos (78 %), pediculados (56,2 %), de 1-2 cm de tamaño (53,2 %). Histológicamente predominaron los pólipos juveniles, (62,1 %) seguidos de los inflamatorios (33 %). Conclusiones: los pólipos fueron más frecuentes en las edades de 1 y 10 años y en el sexo masculino. Se demostró la importancia de la colonoscopia en el diagnóstico precoz de estas lesiones (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: colon polyps are the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They are found relatively frequently in children. The efficacious method for their treatment is the colonoscopy, allowing their treatment through polypectomy. Objective: to determine the histological, endoscopic and clinical characteristics of colorectal polyps diagnosed in children who attended the Pediatric Provincial Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño", of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a retrospective, descriptive study was carried out in children diagnosed with colorectal polyps in the hospital in the period from 2010 to 2018. 141 patients under 18 years-old were studied, all with diagnosis of polyps by colonoscopy confirmed in the histological study. The patients with different diagnosis but polyps were excluded, and also those who could not be histologically studied. Results: the highest frequency of patients with polyps was found in ages between 1 and 10 years (37,6 %), and the male sex (57.4 %). The most frequent symptoms were low digestive bleeding (96.3 %) and Mass T prolapse through the rectum (27 %). The studied polyps were more frequently located in the rectosigmoid (73.4 %). The single polyps predominated (78 %)m and the pedunculated ones (56.2 %) of 1-2 cm size (53.2 %). Histologically predominated young polyps (62.1 %), followed by the inflammatory ones (33 %). Conclusions: polyps were more frequent at the ages from 1 to 10 years and in the male sex. The authors showed the importance of colonoscopy in the precocious diagnosis of these lesions (AU).

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RESUMEN El reflujo gastroesofágico presenta variaciones en cuanto a su definición, pero continúa causando una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, a pesar que las estadísticas no recogen cifras exactas, su manejo sigue siendo controversial. En la práctica médica, se podría decir que el reflujo gastroesofágico fisiológico, no patológico, usualmente se acompaña de regurgitación, y que en esta enfermedad el síntoma principal de presentación en los niños, es el vómito. Cuando el reflujo gastroesofágico es mantenido, persistente, a pesar de la medidas posturales y dietéticas indicadas, provocando sintomatología digestiva y extradigestiva, se considera patológico, capaz de provocar una enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. En neumología, no todo niño que tiene sibilancias es un asmático, en gastroenterología no todo niño que vomita o regurgita tiene un reflujo gastroesofágico. Actualmente, se conocen ciertas patologías y condiciones de tórpida evolución que por su historia natural y morbimortalidad, se catalogan como reflujo gastroesofágico refractario, cuyo pronóstico implica una diferente orientación terapéutica. El niño con reflujo gastroesofágico incluye las medidas antirreflujo, tratamiento medicamentoso y quirúrgico (AU).

ABSTRACT The Gastroesophageal Reflux presents variations as for its definition, but it continues causing a high morbility and mortality, to weigh that the statistics don't pick up exact report, its handling continues being controversial. In the medical practice, one could say that the reflux physiologic gastroesophageal, not pathological, usually accompanies of regurgitation, and that in this illness the main symptom of presentation in the children, is the vomit. When RGE is maintained, persistent, in spite of the measures posturales and dietary suitable, provoking digestive symptoms and extradigestive, it is considered pathological, able to provoke an illness for reflux gastroesophageal . In Neumology, not all boy that has lung sonority is an asthmatic one, in Gastroenterology not all boy that vomits or it regurgitation he has a reflux gastroesophageal. At the moment, certain pathologies and conditions of torpid evolution are known that for their natural history and morbimortality, they are classified as reflux refractory gastroesophageal whose presage implies a therapeutic different orientation. The boy with reflux gastroesophageal includes the measures antirreflux, treatment prescribes and surgical (AU).

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Oenococcus oeni UNQOe19 is a native strain isolated from a Patagonian pinot noir wine undergoing spontaneous malolactic fermentation. Here, we present the 1.83-Mb genome sequence of O. oeni UNQOe19, the first fully assembled genome sequence of a psychrotrophic strain from an Argentinean wine.