RESUMO
Aging and overweight are involved in prostatic lesion development, due to their association with cell proliferation, hormonal imbalance and angiogenesis. The jaboticaba fruit is rich in bioactive compounds, showing potential chemopreventive action such as the capacity to modulate hormones and angiogenesis hallmarks. This study aimed to evaluate the jaboticaba extract (PJE) effect on the prostate morphology and on molecules related to hormone signaling and angiogenesis, during aging and/or high-fat diet (HFD) intake. Seventy FVB mice were distributed into experimental groups: YG group (young: 3 month old mice), AG group (aged: 11 month old mice), HfAG group (aged + HFD), JAGI group (aged + 2.9 g kg-1 PJE), JAGII group (aged + 5.8 g kg-1 PJE), HfJAGI group (aged + HFD + 2.9 g kg-1 PJE) and HfJAGII group (aged + HFD + 5.8 g kg-1 PJE). The ventral prostate was collected for morphological, immunohistochemistry and western-blotting analysis after 60 days of treatment. All PJE treatments promoted hormonal signaling balance and inhibited angiogenesis in the prostates of aged or HFD-fed aged mice, leading to the maintenance of healthy prostate morphology. A high dose of the PJE (JAGII and HfJAGII groups) led to the best capacity to reduce AR (58.40% and 74.42%; p = 0.0240 and p = 0.0023), ERα (30.29% and 45.12%; p = 0.0004 and p < 0.0001), aromatase (39.54% and 55.94%; p = 0.0038 and p = 0.0020), and VEGF (50.81% and 67.68%; p < 0.0001) and increase endostatin immunoexpression. Moreover, HFD intake intensified the hormonal and angiogenic alterations in the aged mouse prostates, contributing to the increase in premalignant lesion incidence. The PJE exerted a dose-dependent positive effect on aged or HFD-fed aged mouse prostates, contributing to the gland microenvironment recovery, mainly due to the hormonal and angiogenic balance. Therefore, we suggest that the PJE can be a potential candidate for prostatic lesion prevention.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Myrtaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
The aim was to characterize and correlate steroid hormone receptors with the FGF2, FGF7 and FGF8 reactivities in the prostatic epithelium and stroma in senile rats. Fifty male senile rats and 10 young male rats were divided into the young (YNG), the senile groups (SE), the castrated group (CAS), the estrogen-deficient group (ED), the castrated + estrogen group (CASE), and the estrogen-deficient + androgen group (EDTEST). The ventral prostate was submitted to immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses. The results showed decreased AR and ERß levels and increased ERα in the senile animals in relation to YNG group. Increased ERα and ERß reactivities presenting differential localization were characterized in the CASE group compared to the CAS group. Increased FGF2 level was observed in the stroma of the CAS and ED groups in relation to the SE group and in the epithelium of the ED group in relation to the other groups. Increased and differential immunolocalization of FGF7 levels were observed in the CAS, ED and CASE groups. The FGF8 levels showed differential localization in the CAS and ED groups compared to the senile group. The intense hormone ablation was favorable to the autocrine signaling of FGF2 and FGF8. FGF7 could be activated in the androgen-independent via considering the increased FGF7 in the castrated rats. We concluded that hormone ablation in senescence was favorable to activation or/and to fibroblast signaling in the prostatic microenvironment.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Microambiente Celular , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/metabolismo , Próstata/citologia , Próstata/metabolismo , Animais , Estrogênios/deficiência , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/análise , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/análise , Masculino , Orquiectomia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Androgênicos/análise , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Testosterona/análise , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of steroid hormone receptors (SHRs), dystroglycans (DGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR-1), and laminin (Lam) in both prostatic stromal and epithelial compartments showing different diseases in elderly men. METHODS: Sixty prostatic samples were obtained from 60- to 90-year-old patients (mean 63 years) with and without prostatic lesions from Hospital of the School of Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The Samples were divided into standard (no lesions); high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN); prostatic cancer (PC); and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) groups. The samples were submitted to immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses. Research Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine, University of Campinas/UNICAMP (number 0094.0.146.000-08). RESULTS: The results showed increased IGFR-1 and MMPs protein levels in the PC and HGPIN groups. Decreased αDG and ßDG protein levels were verified in the PC and HGPIN groups. Androgen receptor (AR) reactivity was similar among all groups. Estrogen receptor α (Erα) immunoreactivity was more intense in the epithelium in the PC and HGPIN groups. Estrogen receptor ß (ERß) immunoreactivity was weak in the epithelium of the HGPIN and PC groups. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, there was an association among IGFR-1, MMPs, and SHRs, indicating IGFR-1 as a target molecule in prostate therapy, considering the IGF proliferative properties. Also, the distinct SHRs reactivities in the lesions in both prostatic compartments indicated different paracrine signals and pointed out the importance of estrogenic pathways in the activation of these disorders.
Assuntos
Distroglicanas/análise , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/análise , Doenças Prostáticas/patologia , Receptores de Esteroides/análise , Somatomedinas/análise , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento , Western Blotting , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Laminina/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
The study analyzed the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the ultrastructure of the lining epithelium of the hard palatine mucosa of rats UChA and UChB (lines with voluntary alcohol consumption) in order to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of alcohol abuse for the morphology of the digestive system. Thirty female adult animals aged 120 days were divided into three experimental groups. (1) Ten UChA rats (genetically low ethanol consumer) with voluntary intake of 10% v/v (5.45 g/kg/day) ethanol solution and water. (2) Ten UChB (genetically high ethanol consumer) rats with voluntary intake of 10% v/v (7.16 g/kg/day) ethanol solution and water. (3) Ten Wistar rats with voluntary ad libitum water intake (control group). Both groups received Nuvital pellets ad libitum. The IGFR-I expression was intense in both experimental groups. The epithelial cells of the alcoholic rats UChA and UChB showed many alterations such as the presence of lipid droplets, altered nuclei, nuclei in corneum layer and disrupted mitochondria. It was concluded that ethanol intake induces ultrastructural lesions in the hard palatine mucosa.
Assuntos
Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura , Animais , Feminino , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Renal vascular anatomic variations, especially of the renal arteries, have been observed in about 20-30 percent of cases, which are very often verified in the left antimere. These variations showed two or three renal arteries stemming directly from the aorta. These anatomic variations have been considered extremely important risk factors in surgical proceedings by different authors. The dissection of a cadaver showed an uncommon venous feature in addition to renal artery variation, specially, in the left antimere. A direct venous communication between left and right kidneys was verified without there being any relation to the inferior cava vein or common iliac veins. Thus, the knowledge of blood vessel anatomic variation is an important element to improve surgical techniques as well as to provide precise analyses of urological and radiological proceedings in different renal diseases. Specially, taking into consideration that hard traction of the renal pedicle could rupture the vessels, leading to lethal hemorrhaging.
Se han observado variaciones anatómicas vasculares renales, especialmente de las arterias renales, en una frecuencia alrededor del 20 a 30 por ciento de los casos, cuya incidencia se verifica a menudo en el antímero izquierdo. En estas variaciones, de acuerdo con lo que se notó, dos o tres arterias renales provenían directamente de la aorta. Distintos autores han considerado que estas variaciones anatómicas son factores de riesgo extremadamente importantes en los procedimientos quirúrgicos. En esta investigación, por medio de la disección de un cadáver, se observó una característica venosa rara, además de la variación de la arteria renal, especialmente en el antímero izquierdo. Se verificó una comunicación venosa directa entre los ríñones izquierdo y derecho, pese al hecho que no sea común cualquier relación con la vena cava inferior o las venas ilíacas comunes. Así, el conocimiento de la variación anatómica del vaso sanguíneo es un elemento importante para implementar técnicas quirúrgicas, así como proporcionar análisis exactos de procedimientos urológicos y radiológicos en diversas enfermedades renales, pues se debe considerar además que la tracción dura del pedículo renal podría romper los vasos y ocasionar una hemorragia mortal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Veias Renais/anatomia & histologia , Veias Renais/anormalidades , Veias Renais/ultraestrutura , Anatomia Regional , DissecaçãoRESUMO
Diabetes causes harmful effects on prostatic function. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize morphological and proliferative features of the prostate of diabetic mice after long-term glycemic control and testosterone and estrogen replacement. A total of 48 mice (Nod and BALBc) were used. After 20 days in a diabetic state, the mice were divided into six groups: the control group received a 5mL/kg dose of peanut oil; the diabetic group received the same treatment as the control group; the diabetic-insulin group received 4IU doses of insulin; the diabetic-testosterone group received a 5mg/kg dose of testosterone cypionate; the diabetic-estrogen group received a 25 microg/kg dose of 17beta-estradiol; the diabetic-insulin-testosterone-estrogen group received insulin, testosterone and estrogen at the same concentration as the other groups. After 20 days, the ventral lobe was processed for morphological and immunological analyses. The results showed structural disorganization, which was more intense in the diabetic group than in the other groups. The diabetic state showed a proliferation and apoptosis rate that was two times higher than that found in the control group. To conclude, diabetes disturbed the prostatic secretory activity and the association of insulin, testosterone and estrogen was crucial for glandular structural restoration, characterizing the complex activity of the prostate. The imbalance verified between the proliferation process and apoptosis in diabetic mice showed diabetes to be a triggering factor for prostatic pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Androgênios/farmacologia , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Próstata , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Cinética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Próstata/patologia , Próstata/ultraestrutura , Células Estromais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Estromais/ultraestrutura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Periodontal disease constitutes the most frequent chronic diseases in human dentition. Bacterial plaque is the main etiologic agent, although it is the host immune response that causes periodontal tissue destruction. Diabetes is considered an important risk factor, not only for the onset but also for progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze structural changes in the rat gingival epithelium and connective tissue in response to the experimental periodontal disease induced by the ligature technique, under the influence of diabetes. The results showed that experimental periodontal disease is characterized by marked inflammation, affecting both the epithelial and connective tissues, causing degeneration of the dermal papilla, increase in the number of inflammatory cells, destruction of reticulin fibers, and accumulation of dense collagen fibers (fibrosis). These changes were worsened by diabetes, apparently by hampering the inflammatory response and affecting tissue repair of the affected tissues.
Assuntos
Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Epitélio/patologia , Gengiva/patologia , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Animais , Peso Corporal , Movimento Celular , Colágeno/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/induzido quimicamente , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Inflamação , Cinética , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Solubilidade , EstreptozocinaRESUMO
The effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the structure of the glandular epithelium of the seminal vesicle of the rodent Calomys callosus were analyzed in 24 adult animals aged 3 months divided into three experimental groups. The control group received a solid diet and tap water, the alcoholic group received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v) for 4 months. The abstinent group received the same liquid diet of the alcoholic one for the same period and after that the alcoholic diet was changed by water for a period of 3 months. After treatment, all animals were anesthetized, weighed and sacrificed. At the end of treatment, mean body weight did not differ between animal groups. The glandular epithelial cells of the alcoholic and abstinent groups showed atrophy and ultrastructural alterations such as the presence of altered nuclei, intense dilatation of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, intense digestive vacuoles and lipid droplets. Ethanol ingestion provokes marked lesions on the epithelium of the seminal vesicle probably interfering on the glandular secretion.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/patologia , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Glândulas Seminais , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Camundongos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Glândulas Seminais/citologia , Glândulas Seminais/efeitos dos fármacos , Sigmodontinae/anatomia & histologia , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Nicotine and alcohol adversely affect prostate gland function. In this work, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the immunoreactivity and distribution of androgen and alpha, beta-oestrogen receptors following chronic treatment with alcohol, nicotine or a combination of both substances, as well as to relate these results to the development of possible prostatic pathologies. Forty male rats were divided into four groups: the Control group received tap water; the Alcoholic group received diluted 10% Gay Lussac ethanol; the Nicotine group received a 0.125 mg/100 g body weight dose of nicotine injected subcutaneously on a daily basis (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA); the Nicotine-Alcohol group received simultaneous alcohol and nicotine treatment. After 90 days of treatment, samples of the ventral lobe of the prostate were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry, light microscopy and the quantification of serum hormonal concentrations. The results showed significantly decreased serum testosterone levels and increased serum oestrogen levels in the animals from the nicotine-alcohol, the alcoholic and the nicotine groups, as well as their hormonal receptor levels. Then, it was concluded that ethanol and nicotine compromised the prostatic hormonal balance, which is a crucial factor to maintain the morphological and physiological features of this organ.
Assuntos
Etanol/farmacologia , Nicotina/farmacologia , Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores Androgênicos/análise , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Animais , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/análise , Estrogênios/sangue , Masculino , Próstata/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Clinical studies analyzing simultaneous nicotine-alcohol use by patients showed important alterations in various organic systems such as: respiratory, digestory, and genital. Also, the prostatic morphology and physiology have been analyzed, specially due to large occurrence of prostatic diseases. Then, this work aimed at determining the structure and ultrastructure of the prostatic stroma and epithelium, as well as the stroma epithelium interactions from rats submitted to simultaneous long-term alcohol-nicotine treatment. A total of 40 male rats were divided into four groups: control group (10 animals) received tap water; alcoholic group (10 animals) received diluted 10% Gay Lussac ethanol; nicotine group (10 animals) received a 0.125mg/100g of body weight dose of nicotine injected subcutaneosly on a daily basis; nicotine-alcohol group (10 animals) received simultaneous alcohol and nicotine treatment. After 90 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and samples from the ventral lobe of the prostate were collected and processed for transmission electron and light microscopies. The results showed atrophied epithelium; prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia; dilated cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, large amounts of collagen fibers besides inflammatory cells, specially in the alcoholic and nicotine-alcohol groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that the association between alcohol and nicotine caused the impairment of the prostatic secretory process. Moreover, this association is related to prostatic pathogenesis, which could lead to late glandular malignancy.