RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association and predictive capacity of adiponectin levels, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR indexes with metabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 691 children and adolescents (7-14 y), of both sexes. Demographic (sex, age), anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat), biochemical [total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, fasting glycemia, insulin and adiponectin] and clinical parameters (arterial blood pressure) were analyzed. RESULTS: In multiple linear regression models, metabolic risk were analyzed in relation to adiponectin levels, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR. ROC curve analysis was used to define the cut-off for metabolic syndrome for each method studied. Adiponectin level was inversely correlated with weight (r = -0.12; p = 0.01), waist circumference (WC) (r = -0.12; p = 0.01), and triglycerides (r = -0.11; p = 0.02); it was directly correlated with HDL (r = 0.10; p = 0.03) only in the adolescents. In the final linear regression model, after adjustment, only triglycerides (p = 0.03) and HDL (p = 0.04) remained significant. However, HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR were associated with metabolic risk and were the most suitable methods for metabolic syndrome screening in both age groups. For children, independent variables explained 16.0% and 14.5% of HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR, respectively. For adolescents, R2 was higher in HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR models (R2adjusted = 31.9% and R2adjusted = 29.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HOMA-AD and HOMA-IR are better explained by metabolic markers than adiponectin levels.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome Metabólica , Adiponectina , Adolescente , Glicemia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , HDL-Colesterol , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade , TriglicerídeosRESUMO
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and predatory mirids are among the most effective natural enemies for the control of Tuta absoluta, a key pest of tomato worldwide. In the case of South America, the native EPN Heterorhabditis amazonensis and the predator Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) coexist in tomato. The intraguild interactions of two ENPs, H. amazonensis JPM4 and the widely used Steinernema carpocapsae, with the predator M. basicornis, were studied in laboratory setups with the objective of evaluating the potential interactions between them. We hypothesized that the two natural enemies do not interact negatively. The first nymphal stage of the predator was not affected when exposed to tomato leaves directly sprayed with both EPNs, which we attributed to the small size of its stylet. Individuals treated with H. amazonensis JPM4 had low mortality rates in all developmental stages with a maximum of 1.3%. Mortality was higher when the predator was exposed to S. carpocapsae (28% for adults) and correlated positively with increasing developmental stages. In prey choice tests between larvae infected with H. amazonensis and uninfected larvae, M. basicornis fed indistinctively showing no clear preference. When presented with choice larvae infected with S. carpocapsae, the consumption of healthy larvae was higher. In a no-choice prey acceptance experiment, M. basicornis preyed on both healthy and infected larvae with no difference in larvae consumed. Predators that had fed from infected larvae did not exhibit signs of nematode infection and survived. Our results indicate that the South American native H. amazonensis JPM4 and M. basicornis do not show a negative interaction and are promising candidates for combined use in T. absoluta biological control.
Assuntos
Heterópteros/fisiologia , Mariposas , Nematoides/fisiologia , Comportamento Predatório , Solanum lycopersicum , Animais , Feminino , Herbivoria , Larva , Masculino , Ninfa , Controle Biológico de VetoresRESUMO
Resumen El perito en balística de la Policía Nacional de Colombia, dentro de sus funciones, realiza el procedimiento de cotejo microscópico de vainillas y proyectiles disparados con armas de fuego, dentro del cual se encuentra el análisis de las características de clase, subclase e identidad a proyectiles cuya constitución no es la misma, como es el caso que se ha evidenciado, donde los cartuchos calibre 7.65 mm (para pistola) son utilizados en los revólveres calibre .32 largo; el objetivo del estudio es efectuar un análisis comparativo del micro-rayado de las estrías entre dichos proyectiles; se utilizó el método de observación científica, con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo comparativo, el cual permitió evidenciar que el nivel de uniprocedencias, al realizar cotejos entre estrías de proyectiles calibre 7.65 mm encamisado y .32 largo en plomo, es muy bajo; este resultado se logró documentar y consolidar en una tabla de datos, que al someterla al sistema estadístico obtuvo la cuantificación, disposición y análisis de las observaciones. Se llegó a la conclusión de que no es viable realizar cotejos microscópicos de proyectiles cuyas constituciones sean diferentes, como es el caso de las balas calibre 7.65 mm (encamisado) y .32 largo (plomo); de esta manera se orientan los procedimientos de los profesionales en balística.
Abstract The expert in ballistics of the National Police of Colombia, among its functions is in charge of performing performs the procedure of microscopic comparison of vanillas and projectiles shot with firearms, within which is the analysis of the class, subclass and identity features of projectiles with a constitution differing from each other like in the case having been demonstrated, where 7.65 mm caliber cartridges (for pistols) are used in .32 long caliber revolvers. The objective of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis between micro-scratching present in these projectiles; the scientific observation method was used with a quantitative approach allowing for demonstrating that the level of uni procedences or uni provenances at the time of making comparisons between out grooves of out comparing among to 7.65 mm jacketed he grooves said projectiles; the scientific observation was used, with a quantitative approach of a comparative type, which showed that the level of uni procedences or uni provenances at the time of carrying out en projectiles caliber 7.65 mm jacketed and .32 long lead, is very low; this result was documented and consolidated in a data table, which when subjected to the statistical system obtained the quantification, disposition and analysis of the observations. It was concluded that it is not feasible to perform microscopic comparisons of projectiles whose constitutions are different, as is the case with bullets caliber 7.65 mm (jacketed) and .32 long (lead); in this way the procedures of ballistics professionals are oriented.
Resumo O perito na balística da Policia Nacional da Colômbia, dentro das suas funções, faz o procedimento de comparação microscópica dos cartuchos e os projéteis disparados com armas de fogo, dentro da qual está a análise das características da classe, subclasse e da identidade aos projéteis cuja constituição não é a mesma, como é o caso que foi demonstrado, onde os cartuchos calibre 7.65 milímetros (para a pistola) são usados nos revólveres calibre .32 longo; o objetivo do estudo é realizar uma análise comparativa dos micro-aranhões das estrias entre estes projéteis; o método usado foi a observação científica, com aproximação quantitativa do tipo comparativo, que permitiu demonstrar que o nível das uni-procedências, quando fazer comparações entre estrias dos projéteis calibre 7.65 milímetros encamisado e .32 longo em chumbo, é muito baixo; este resultado logrou-se documentar e consolidar em uma tabela dos dados, que quando é submetida ao sistema estatístico obteve-se a quantificação, a disposição e a análise das observações. A conclusão foi que não é viável fazer comparações microscópicas dos projéteis cujas constituições são diferentes, como é o caso das balas calibre 7.65 milímetros (encamisado) e .32 longo (chumbo); assim os procedimentos dos profissionais na balística são orientados.
Assuntos
Balística Forense , Pesquisa , Polícia , ArmasRESUMO
Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified anorexigenic peptide that has been implicated in appetite regulation, weight loss and/or malnutrition. Anorexia and malnutrition are common features of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that predispose patients to worse outcomes. However, the reasons for the occurrence of anorexia in CKD patients are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nesfatin-1 and protein intake and body composition in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Twenty five HD patients from a private Clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied and compared with 15 healthy subjects that were matched for body mass index (BMI), % body fat mass (by anthropometrics) and age. Appetite was measured using a specific questionnaire, and food intake was evaluated based on 3-day food records. Nesfatin-1 levels were measured by ELISA and leptin, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were determined by a multiplex assay kit. Serum nesfatin-1 levels did not differ between HD patients (0.16±0.07ng/mL) and healthy subjects (0.17±0.10ng/mL). Nesfatin-1 levels showed significant negative correlations with protein intake (r=-0.42; p=0.03), but did not associate with inflammatory markers or appetite scores. Combining patients and controls, we observed positive correlations with BMI (r=0.33; p=0.03), % body fat (r=0.35; p=0.03), leptin (r=0.45; p=0.006) and the triceps skinfold thickness (r=0.36; p=0.02). In multivariate analysis % body fat was the main determinant of nesfatin-1 variance. In conclusion, nesfatin-1 levels did not differ between HD patients and healthy subjects and negatively correlated with protein intake. This pathway is likely not dysregulated in uremia.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/sangue , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/sangue , Ingestão de Alimentos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/sangue , Diálise Renal , Adipocinas/sangue , Adulto , Apetite , Composição Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Leptina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nucleobindinas , Estado Nutricional , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
The L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathways have been implicated in the control of a variety of physiological mechanisms and are believed to participate in the modulation of anxiety in the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS); 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a preferential inhibitor of neuronal NOS; and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, administered into the ventral hippocampus (VH) of rats submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM, an animal model derived from the elevated plus-maze, allows the measurement of two defensive behavioral responses in the same rat: inhibitory avoidance and escape. Results showed that L-NAME and 7-NI impaired the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance and prolonged escape latency in the ETM, suggesting an anxiolytic-like and panicolytic-like effect, respectively. SNP facilitated the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance without interfering with escape performance, suggesting an anxiogenic-like effect. Treatment with methylene blue did not alter per se any of the behavioral responses measured in the ETM, but blocked the effect promoted by SNP. Thus, altogether these results suggest that NO in the VH is critically involved in the modulation of defensive behavior of rats exposed to the ETM.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/metabolismo , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Reação de Fuga/fisiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Reação de Fuga/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Indazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of water storage on resin-dentin bond strengths [microTBS] using different adhesive bonding approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat superficial dentin surfaces of 24 extracted human third molars were exposed and polished to create a standardized smear layer. The teeth were randomly distributed into four different groups: Three-step etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE-SBMP), two-step etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond 2, 3 M ESPE-SB); two-step self-etch (AdheSE, Ivoclar/Vivadent-AD); and self-etch 1 step (Adper Prompt L-Pop, 3M ESPE-LP). Following the adhesive application (n = 6), resin composite was incrementally applied (Filtek Supreme XT-3 M ESPE) in order to obtain bonded sticks, with a cross-sectioned area of 0.81 mm2. The bonded sticks were randomly divided and assigned to be tested after one day [OD] (n 30) or six months [6 M] of water storage [6 M] (n = 30). RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed that none of the adhesives showed degradation after 6 M. SB achieved the highest microTBS both in the [OD] (49.13 MPa) and [6M] (40.27 MPa). Despite the highest values in both time evaluations, the microTBS of SB significantly reduced after 6M. LP showed the lowest microTBS in both periods of evaluation (18.35 and 18.34 MPa). CONCLUSIONS: Although a significant degradation was only observed for SB, this was the adhesive that showed the highest microTBS after 6 M of water storage.
Assuntos
Resinas Compostas/química , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Materiais Dentários/química , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Água/química , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente/métodos , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Cimentos de Resina/química , Estresse Mecânico , Resistência à Tração , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathways are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and have been implicated in the modulation of anxiety. The elevated plus-maze (ETM) is an animal test pharmacologically validated for the study of experimental anxiety in rats, designed to evaluate inhibitory avoidance (AVOID) learning and one-way escape (ESC) from open arms, thought to represent learned (conditioned) and innate (unconditioned) fear, respectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior treatment with the NO-synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on both AVOID and ESC behavior of rats in the ETM, when applied to different cerebral regions associated with defensive behaviors. Central treatment with L-NAME (50, 100, 400 and 800 nmol) did not impair the AVOID response through the trials and had no effect on the ESC behavior. Nevertheless, animals treated with L-NAME at 200 nmol into the lateral ventricle (LV), basolateral amygdala (BLA), dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG) matter, lateral septal nucleus (LSN), but not in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), displayed impaired AVOID2 in comparison to the control group. Thus, our results suggest that NO may underlie learned fear in the ETM via BLA, dlPAG and LSN, but not BNST. These results are compatible with the proposal that NO exerts a positive modulatory role on defensive reactions in rats, exerting among them an anxiogenic-like effect as evaluated in rats submitted to ETM.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/enzimologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Reação de Fuga/fisiologia , Medo/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Reação de Fuga/efeitos dos fármacos , Medo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Microinjeções , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Tumores tireoideanos são raros na infância e adolescência. Foram revisados os prontuários de quinze pacientes (8 do sexo feminino) com idades entre 5,8 e 15,2 anos, atendidos na Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica (UEP) do HC-UFPR entre fevereiro de 1988 e março de 2003. Nódulo cervical anterior foi a queixa inicial mais freqüente. Dez pacientes eram portadores de carcinoma papilífero (CP), quatro apresentavam carcinoma medular (CMT; dos quais, três com NEM-2B) e um, carcinoma folicular. Dois pacientes com NEM-2B apresentam mutação de novo (Met918Thr) do proto-oncogene RET. PAAF, efetuada em dez pacientes, foi positiva para neoplasia em cinco deles. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tireoidectomia total. Terapia adjuvante com 131I foi realizada em dez pacientes. Dois pacientes faleceram por doença não relacionada ao tumor. Nove pacientes não apresentam evidência clínica ou laboratorial do tumor; um (CP) apresentou recidiva 5 anos após o tratamento inicial e três (1 CP, 2 CMT) ainda têm evidência da doença. Nossos dados estão de acordo com a literatura em relação ao prognóstico e manifestações clínicas. Entretanto, a prevalência de CMT (27 por cento), a distribuição por sexo e os resultados da PAAF diferem da maioria das casuísticas publicadas, o que pode ser atribuído ao número de casos aqui relatado.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Seguimentos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgiaRESUMO
Thyroid tumors are rare in childhood and adolescence. A retrospective analysis was done of fifteen patients (8 female) with thyroid carcinoma attended in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of the HC-UFPR, from February 1988 to March 2003. The most frequent initial complaint was an anterior cervical nodule. Ten patients were papillary carcinoma (PTC) bearers, four had medullary carcinoma (MTC; three of them with MEN-2B) and one had follicular carcinoma. Two patients with MEN-2B have de novo proto-oncogene RET mutation (Met918Thr). Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in ten patients and was malignancy positive in only five of them. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Adjuvant radioiodine (131I) therapy was made in ten patients. Two patients died from unrelated diseases. Nine patients presented no clinical or laboratorial evidence of disease; one (PTC) developed recurrence 5 years after initial treatment and three (1 PTC, 2 MTC) have disease evidence yet. Our prognosis and clinical manifestations data are according to the literature. However, MTC prevalence (27%), sex distribution and FNA results differ from the majority of published casuistics, that can be attributed to the number of cases reported here.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgiaRESUMO
The influence of the first exposure length upon the effect of midazolam (MDZ) administration prior to the second exposure in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) was investigated. Drug-free rats were assigned to freely explore the EPM for 1, 2 or 5 min (Trial 1). Twenty-four hours later, each group was subdivided in two further groups, which were retested in the EPM for 5 min, 30 min after either saline or MDZ (1.5 mg kg(-1)) administration (Trial 2). The data showed that during Trial 2, the percentage of entries (%Open arm entries) and time spent in the open arms (%Open arm time) were decreased if rats were pre-exposed to the EPM for 2- or 5-min Trial 1, while the group submitted to 1-min Trial 1 length displayed decreased %Open arm time only. The anxiolytic effect of MDZ prior to Trial 2 was present in the group submitted to 1-min, impaired in the group submitted to 2-min and absent in the group submitted to 5-min Trial 1 length. Data are analyzed taking into account the emotional learning which underlies the exploratory behavior during the EPM Trial 2.