RESUMO
Pathological studies would aid in finding the real causes of death and in outlining adequate strategies for treatment regarding patients with poor clinical outcome of influenza A H1N1 swine flu. We describe the autopsy findings of six cases of influenza A H1N1 swine flu. The lungs in these cases had an alveolitis with hyaline membranes. Immunohistochemistry for influenza was positive only in lungs (in pneumocytes, in macrophages, in some multinucleate cells in alveoli, and in blood vessel walls) of two cases. Disseminated petechial brain hemorrhage was observed in four of the cases and focally in one case. Focal myocarditis was observed in one case. Coagulation infarcts (ischemic) were observed in the pancreas of two cases and in the spleen of two cases. Our results indicate that there was marked replication of the virus in alveoli in the more recently infected cases, which could explain the extensive diffuse alveolar damage. In our cases, there were important vascular phenomena that resulted in hemorrhage and thrombosis, but without marked decrease of platelet count and coagulation cascade disruptions. This would be attributed to hemodynamic disruption. However, it is possible that the hemorrhagic petechial lesions in the brain are due to vascular lesions or to an increase of endothelial permeability.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Adulto , Autopsia , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Infarto/patologia , Infarto/virologia , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Influenza Humana/virologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/patologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/virologia , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miocardite/patologia , Miocardite/virologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Pâncreas/patologia , Baço/irrigação sanguínea , Baço/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to study the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology in patients with AIDS. Anal smears, obtained with a cytobrush, of 102 HIV-positive patients of the Emilio Ribas Institute (Sao Paulo, Brazil) were collected, and only after that, the patients were submitted to anoscopy. Thirty-two patients had LSIL and 14 others had HSIL. Squamous intra-epithelial lesions were also observed in 38% of the patients without condyloma (18/47): in 9 of the 33 patients without history of condyloma (27%) and in 9 of the 14 patients who had previously treated condyloma (64%). An invasive squamous cell carcinoma was observed in one patient without history of condyloma. In all 13 patients with HSIL, biopsies guided by high resolution anoscopy confirmed high grade dysplasia. Our findings suggest that anal cytology is mandatory in AIDS even in patients without macroscopic anal lesions or without previous history of anal condyloma.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Canal Anal/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Soropositividade para HIV/patologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Organophosphate intoxication induces an acute cholinergic syndrome, but the long-term effects of these compounds in the cardiocirculatory system are not known. The objective of the present work is to investigate if experimental chronic exposition to repetitive sublethal doses of organophosphate methamidophos can induce morphological changes in rat's hearts. Wistar albino adult male rats received a weekly enteral sublethal dose of the organophosphate methamidophos for 12 consecutive weeks. After that we have performed histological and morphometric studies of their hearts. We have observed hypertrophy of cardiac myocites in treated animals, which was confirmed by morphometric studies (measure of smaller diameter of cardiac myocites). One of the possible explanations for the cardiac hypertrophy would be persistent systemic arterial hypertension in treated animals. However, another possible explanation would be direct sympathetic stimulation.
Assuntos
Cardiomegalia/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores da Colinesterase/toxicidade , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Organotiofosforados/toxicidade , Animais , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Colinesterases/sangue , Ventrículos do Coração/citologia , Masculino , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Subtle neurological disturbances have been described in organophosphorus intoxication. Experimental studies have reported neuronal necrosis, particularly in animals experiencing seizures. The objective of the present work was to investigate if in rats (without seizures) exposed to an organophosphate agent, morphological changes occur in specific regions of the brain. The animals received 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg methamidophos once a week for 2 months and were decapitated after 2 months 7 days of drug administration. We observed atrophy of the molecular layer of the parietal cortex without neuronal loss in specific cerebral regions. This would be due to atrophy or loss of neuronal ramifications but without neuronal loss.