RESUMO
Meniscal tears account for approximately 15% of all knee injuries and almost 25% of them require surgical procedures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used for noninvasive assessment of the knee joint and is considered reliable and a powerful tool for the detection of soft tissue injuries of the knee. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the meniscal tears repair in sports practitioners. 104 incoming consecutive patients who underwent knee joint ligament reconstruction and/or arthroscopy for the treatment of meniscal injury at knee joint were imaged using a 1.5-T MRI scanner prior to arthroscopy. MRI images were evaluated for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), articular cartilage, and meniscal injury. Images were correlated with arthroscopic findings, used as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in predicting meniscal repair were 61.1%, 65.94%, and 64.58%, respectively. The agreement between MRI and arthroscopy yielded a kappa index of 0.236, indicating fair agreement. When the menisci were evaluated separately, 65.85% sensitivity, 45.45% specificity, and 54.16% accuracy were found for the medial meniscus, while 46.15%, 79.51%, and 75.0% for the lateral meniscus, respectively. The accuracy was 62.09% in whose patients that arthroscopy was performed up to 3 months after MRI and 67.18% in those that this time frame was more than 3 months before surgery. The 54 meniscal injuries occurred more frequently in the posterior horn; most injuries had a longitudinal pattern and were located in the red-red (vascular) zone. We suggest that magnetic resonance imaging is only moderately accurate for the prediction of meniscus reparability.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Traumatismos do Joelho , Lesões do Menisco Tibial , Atletas , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/cirurgiaRESUMO
Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether estrogen deficiency is a sole risk factor for osteoporosis or is also associated with age, through indicators such as gender, age, and time since menopause. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted evaluating 938 postmenopausal women who underwent bone mineral densitometry. We collected the following data: age, ethnic group, body mass index, smoking, and time since menopause. These data were correlated to the presence of osteoporosis, according to the T-score of the femur and lumbar spine. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 37.8%. Ethnic group (p = 0.47) and smoking habits (p = 0.19) were not associated with osteoporosis. In the group of women with osteoporosis, mean age was significantly higher (p < 0.001), mean body mass index was significantly lower (p < 0.001), and time since menopause was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the group of women with no osteoporosis. After multivariate analysis was performed, the only variables that remained independently associated with osteoporosis were body mass index and time since menopause. Higher body mass index was a protective factor (odds ratio = 0.80 [95% confidence interval 0.76; 0.84], p < 0.001). Time since menopause represented a risk factor for osteoporosis (odds ratio = 1.04 [1.02; 1.06], p < 0.001). When divided into categories, the risk increased after 20 years of menopause and gradually every 5 years. Conclusion: Time since menopause and body mass index were the most important factors associated with osteoporosis, confirming that estrogen deficiency, and not age, is the major cause of the disease.
Assuntos
Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/epidemiologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fêmur , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares , Menopausa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The genus Capsicum ranks as the second most exported vegetable in Brazil, which is also considered to be a center of diversity for this genus. The aim of this study was to rescue genetic variability in the genus Capsicum in the southwest region of Mato Grosso, and to characterize and estimate the genetic diversity of accessions based on morphoagronomic descriptors and inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers. Data were obtained following the criteria of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, renamed Bioversity International for Capsicum. Data were analyzed using different multivariate statistical techniques. An array of binary data was used to analyze molecular data, and the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard index was used to estimate the genetic dissimilarity among accessions. Six well-defined groups were formed based on the morphological characterization. The most divergent accessions were 142 and 126, with 125 and 126 being the most similar. The groups formed following agronomic characterization differed from those formed by morphological characterization, and there was a need to subdivide the groups for better distinction of accessions. Based on molecular analysis, accessions were divided into two groups, and there was also a need to subdivide the groups. Based on joint analysis (morphological + agronomic + molecular), six groups were formed with no duplicates. For all groups, the cophenetic correlation coefficient was higher than 0.8. These results provide useful information for the better management of the work collection. All correlations between the combined distance matrix were significant by the Mantel test.
Assuntos
Capsicum/genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Brasil , Capsicum/classificação , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Repetições de MicrossatélitesRESUMO
Recent reports identified DGAT1 (EC 2.3.1.20) harboring a lysine to alanine substitution (K232A) as a candidate gene with a strong effect on milk production traits. Our objective was to estimate the frequency of the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism in the main Zebu and Taurine breeds in Brazil as well as in Zebu x Taurine crossbreds as a potential QTL for marker-assisted selection. Samples of 331 animals from the main Brazilian breeds, Nellore, Guzerat, Red Sindhi, Gyr, Holstein, and Gyr x Holstein F1 were genotyped for DGAT1 K232A polymorphism (A and K alleles) using the PCR-RFLP technique. The highest frequency of the A allele was found in the Holstein sample (73%) followed by Gyr x Holstein F1 (39%). Gyr and Red Sindhi showed low frequencies of A alleles (4 and 2.5%, respectively). The A allele was not found in the Nellore and Guzerat samples. Our results could be used to guide association studies between this locus and milk traits in these breeds.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Diacilglicerol O-Aciltransferase/genética , Leite/química , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Animais , Brasil , Cruzamento , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
Losses caused by bovine tick burdens in tropical countries have a tremendous economic impact on production systems. Besides reducing production, this parasite can cause death in the most susceptible animals. The use of commercial acaricides has been the major method of control, but their misuse has led to tick resistance to many chemicals. More recently, vaccines have been used in some countries without solving the problem completely. An alternative could be the development of resistant animals and the use of genetic markers and candidate genes that could help with the enormous task of selecting resistant animals. The bovine lymphocyte antigen genes (BoLA) have been shown to be associated with some parasitic infestations and disease incidence. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with tick resistance in cattle. The study was conducted on 231 F2 (Gyr x Holstein) animals that were artificially infested with 10,000 tick larvae. Log of tick count +1 was used as the dependent variable in a mixed animal model with allele substitution effects in addition to fixed effects of year and season at tick count, sex of calves, age of animal at tick count, hair type (short-straight, short-curl, long-straight, and long-curl), coat color (white, >75% white, 50- 75% white, and 25-50% white), and additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects as random. Females showed fewer ticks than males. Animals with short-straight hair were more resistant to tick infestation than animals with long-curl hair, and animals with whiter coat color also had fewer ticks. An association between BoLA alleles and lower tick number was found for alleles DRB3.2 *18, *20 and *27 at the 5% significance level. Also, one allele (DRB3.2*16) showed an association at the 10% level. Allele *27 was the most frequent in the population (30.7%), followed by alleles *16 (10.8%), *20 (8.7%) and *18 (2.4%). These results suggest that BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles could be used to help in the selection of animals resistant to tick infestation. However, further studies involving a larger population of cattle in combination with other BoLA genes may help to understand the mechanisms of resistance to parasites.
Assuntos
Alelos , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos/imunologia , Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Estações do Ano , Infestações por Carrapato/genética , Infestações por Carrapato/imunologiaRESUMO
Recent reports identified DGAT1 (EC 2.3.1.20) harboring a lysine to alanine substitution (K232A) as a candidate gene with a strong effect on milk production traits. Our objective was to estimate the frequency of the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism in the main Zebu and Taurine breeds in Brazil as well as in Zebu x Taurine crossbreds as a potential QTL for marker-assisted selection. Samples of 331 animals from the main Brazilian breeds, Nellore, Guzerat, Red Sindhi, Gyr, Holstein, and Gyr x Holstein F1 were genotyped for DGAT1 K232A polymorphism (A and K alleles) using the PCR-RFLP technique. The highest frequency of the A allele was found in the Holstein sample (73%) followed by Gyr x Holstein F1 (39%). Gyr and Red Sindhi showed low frequencies of A alleles (4 and 2.5%, respectively). The A allele was not found in the Nellore and Guzerat samples. Our results could be used to guide association studies between this locus and milk traits in these breeds.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Bovinos/genética , Diacilglicerol O-Aciltransferase/genética , Leite/química , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Brasil , Cruzamento , Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
Losses caused by bovine tick burdens in tropical countries have a tremendous economic impact on production systems. Besides reducing production, this parasite can cause death in the most susceptible animals. The use of commercial acaricides has been the major method of control, but their misuse has led to tick resistance to many chemicals. More recently, vaccines have been used in some countries without solving the problem completely. An alternative could be the development of resistant animals and the use of genetic markers and candidate genes that could help with the enormous task of selecting resistant animals. The bovine lymphocyte antigen genes (BoLA) have been shown to be associated with some parasitic infestations and disease incidence. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with tick resistance in cattle. The study was conducted on 231 F2 (Gyr x Holstein) animals that were artificially infested with 10,000 tick larvae. Log of tick count +1 was used as the dependent variable in a mixed animal model with allele substitution effects in addition to fixed effects of year and season at tick count, sex of calves, age of animal at tick count, hair type (short-straight, short-curl, long-straight, and long-curl), coat color (white, >75% white, 50- 75% white, and 25-50% white), and additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects as random. Females showed fewer ticks than males. Animals with short-straight hair were more resistant to tick infestation than animals with long-curl hair, and animals with whiter coat color also had fewer ticks. An association between BoLA alleles and lower tick number was found for alleles DRB3.2 *18, *20 and *27 at the 5% significance level. Also, one allele (DRB3.2*16) showed an association at the 10% level. Allele *27 was the most frequent in the population (30.7%), followed by alleles *16 (10.8%), *20 (8.7%) and *18 (2.4%)...
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Alelos , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Bovinos/imunologia , Bovinos/parasitologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Modelos Genéticos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Estações do Ano , Infestações por Carrapato/genética , Infestações por Carrapato/imunologiaRESUMO
A associação entre os alelos do loco BoLA-DRB3.2, identificados pela técnica de PCR-RFLP, e a produção de leite na raça Gir foi estudada por meio da análise de dados moleculares e fenotípicos de 424 vacas Gir, utilizando um modelo misto, sob modelo animal. Os dados moleculares consistiam dos genótipos dos animais para os alelos do loco BoLA-DRB3.2 e os dados fenotípicos eram referentes à produção de leite em até 305 dias de lactação. O loco é altamente polimórfico nesta raça, sendo identificados sete alelos (BoLA-DRB3.2*4, *8, *11, *19, *28, *41 e *48) que não haviam sido encontrados em animais zebuínos. Dois alelos (*16 e *29) estavam significativamente associados com maiores produções de leite, sugerindo que o próprio loco BoLA-DRB3.2 ou um QTL a ele ligado influencia a produção de leite de vacas Gir.(AU)
The association between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles identified by PCR-RFLP and milk production in Gir breed was studied using molecular and phenotypic data of 424 Gir cows. Genetic data consisted of animal genotypes for BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and 305-day-milk-yield. The association between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and a putative QTL affecting the trait was investigated by mixed model with an animal model. BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was found to be highly polymorphic in Gir breed, showing seven alleles (BoLA-DRB3.2*4, *8, *11, *19, *28, *41 e *48) that have not been yet described in Zebu animals. Two BoLA-DRB3 alleles (*16 e *29) were significantly associated with milk production, suggesting that BoLA-DRB3.2 locus itself or a linked QTL influences 305-day-milk yield of Gir cows.(AU)
Assuntos
Alelos , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/imunologia , Produção de Alimentos , Bovinos , Lactação/genética , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
A associação entre os alelos do loco BoLA-DRB3.2, identificados pela técnica de PCR-RFLP, e a produção de leite na raça Gir foi estudada por meio da análise de dados moleculares e fenotípicos de 424 vacas Gir, utilizando um modelo misto, sob modelo animal. Os dados moleculares consistiam dos genótipos dos animais para os alelos do loco BoLA-DRB3.2 e os dados fenotípicos eram referentes à produção de leite em até 305 dias de lactação. O loco é altamente polimórfico nesta raça, sendo identificados sete alelos (BoLA-DRB3.2*4, *8, *11, *19, *28, *41 e *48) que não haviam sido encontrados em animais zebuínos. Dois alelos (*16 e *29) estavam significativamente associados com maiores produções de leite, sugerindo que o próprio loco BoLA-DRB3.2 ou um QTL a ele ligado influencia a produção de leite de vacas Gir.
Assuntos
Alelos , Bovinos , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/imunologia , Produção de Alimentos , Lactação/genética , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudo fue determinar la frecuencia y la incidencia de la tromboembolia venosa (TEV), objetivamente diagnosticada, en un hospital universitario argentino. Se utilizó un diseño retrospectivo, obsevacional y longitudinal. Se analizaran las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes mayores de 16 años que habítan egresado o fallecido en las unidades de internación clínica, obstétrica y quirúrgica del Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin con el diagnóstico de TEV durante un período de 24 meses. La frecuencia y laincidencia de TEV fueron 0.92% y 0.40% ( intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC 95%) : 0.37 a 0.42%) respectivamente. La incidencia más alta de TEV se presentó en la novena década de la vida ( 0.80%; IC 95%: 0.78% a ).82% ). Solamente el 31% de los pacientes que desarrollaron TEV durante la interación habían recebido tromboprofilaxis con heparina. La mortalidad intra hospitalaria global de los pacientes con TEV fue 19%.