RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of α-bisabolol (BISA)-based mouthwashes in the oral hygiene of patients submitted to oral and maxillofacial surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled, triple-blind clinical trial was conducted with 30 patients, undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. Three types of mouthwashes were developed, based at 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.5% BISA, and 0.12% chlorhexidine + 0.5% BISA. The patients were evaluated in the preoperative and postoperative period, divided into three groups according to the mouthwash to be used. In the postoperative period, the oral hygiene quality of the patients was evaluated through the simplified oral hygiene index; the healing of the wounds was evaluated observing the presence of suture dehiscence and/or infection, and the pain was established using the Visual Analogue Scale. The antiseptic effect of the mouthwashes was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS: There were no differences in the efficacy of BISA-containing mouthwashes for oral hygiene, healing, and pain, compared to chlorhexidine based at 0.12%. There were no differences in the antiseptic activity of chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine + α-bisabolol-based mouthwashes. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that BISA-based mouthwashes have clinical efficacy, in the improvement of oral hygiene and wound healing, as well as in the reduction of postoperative pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Considering that BISA has analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, it is relevant to evaluate the efficacy of BISA-based mouthwashes in the oral hygiene of patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery, seeking a better postoperative recovery.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacologia , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos , Índice de Higiene Oral , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
The effects of Matricaria recutita and alpha-bisabolol, a bioactive component from Chamomile species, were investigated against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol (96%, 1 mL per animal) in rats. The effects of M. recutita extract and alpha-bisabolol on gastric mucosal damage were assessed by determination of changes in mean gastric lesion area. Mechanistic studies were carried out at with 100 mg=kg alpha-bisabolol. We further examined the possible participation of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and KATP+ channels in its mechanism. M. recutita reduced gastric damage in all doses tested. Alpha-bisabolol at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg=kg markedly attenuated the gastric lesions induced by ethanol to the extent of 87% and 96%, respectively. Pretreatments with the nitric oxide antagonist N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10 mg=kg, i.p.) or with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, failed to block effectively the gastroprotective effect of alpha-bisabolol. Furthermore, the alpha-bisabolol effect was significantly reduced in rats pretreated with glibenclamide, an inhibitor of KATP+ channel activation. Thus we provide evidence that alpha-bisabolol reduces the gastric damage induced by ethanol, at least in part, by the mechanism of activation of KATP+ channels.
Assuntos
Canais KATP/metabolismo , Matricaria/química , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/administração & dosagem , Gastropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Gastropatias/metabolismoRESUMO
We described earlier that an alkaloid-rich fraction (F(3-5)) from Aspidosperma ulei (Markgr) induces penile erection-like behavioral responses in mice. This study verified a possible relaxant effect of this fraction on isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC) strips precontracted by phenylephrine (1 microM) or K+ 60 mM. F(3-5) (1-300 microg ml(-1)) relaxed the RbCC strips in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. The relaxant effect of F(3-5) (100 microg ml(-1)) on phenylephrine contraction was unaffected in the presence of atropine, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one and by preincubation with tetrodotoxin, glibenclamide, apamine and charybdotoxin suggesting that mechanisms other than cholinergic, nitrergic, sGC activation or potassium channel opening are probably involved. However, the phasic component of the contraction induced by K+ 60 mM as well as the maximal contraction elicited by increasing external Ca2+ concentrations in depolarized corpora cavernosa was inhibited by F(3-5). We conclude that F(3-5) relaxes the RbCC smooth muscle, at least in part, through a blockade of calcium influx or its function.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Aspidosperma , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Ereção Peniana/efeitos dos fármacos , Pênis/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas , CoelhosRESUMO
Guarana, a herbal extract from the seeds of Paullinia cupana Mart. has been evaluated in comparison with caffeine on mouse behaviour in forced swimming and open field tests. Guarana (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and caffeine (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) each significantly reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test suggesting an antidepressant-like effect in mice. At these doses, neither substance affected ambulation in the open field test. However, a high dose of guarana (100 mg/kg) and caffeine (30 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the locomotor activity in the open field test. Caffeine, but not guarana, could effectively block an adenosine agonist, cyclopentyl adenosine (CPA)-induced increase in swimming immobility suggesting that mechanism(s) other than the adenosinergic mechanism are involved in the antidepressant-like activity of guarana.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Paullinia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Ansiolíticos/administração & dosagem , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , NataçãoRESUMO
Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin (CLOR) is a reputed herbal medicine used to combat gastrointestinal functional disorders. Our previous studies show that CLOR prevents gastric ulceration and promotes wound healing. This study examined the effects of CLOR on intestinal damage associated with mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in rat. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six in each. Group 1: Sham operated, Group 2: Vehicle + 45 min of ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion (I/R), Groups 3 and 4: I/R + CLOR (200 and 400 mg /kg, p.o., respectively). All treatments were given 24 h, 12 h and 2 h before I/R. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion period and ileal tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an index of polymorphonuclear leukocytes; malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipoperoxidation; catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme; reduced glutathione (GSH), a key antioxidant; and nitrite, a marker of nitric oxide (NO) production were determined in ileum homogenates. The results show that I/R produces a significant increase in MDA content, MPO, and CAT activities with a significant decrease in GSH and an elevation in nitrite production, as compared to sham control. CLOR treatment caused significant attenuations in I/R-associated increases of MPO, MDA and CAT activities and on nitrite level. Besides, CLOR could effectively prevent the I/R-associated depletion of GSH. The data indicate that the oleo-resin has a protective action against I/R-induced intestinal tissue damage, which appeared to be, at least in part, due to an antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation mechanism.
Assuntos
Bálsamos/uso terapêutico , Íleo/fisiopatologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Análise de Variância , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Íleo/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The monoterpene oxide, 1,8-cineole (cineole, eucalyptol) was examined for its possible influence on the acute phase of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The test compound, 1,8-cineole (200 and 400 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml, 2% Tween 80) was instilled rectally, 24, and 2 h before (pre-treatment) or 2 and 24 h after (post-treatment) the induction of colitis by intracolonic administration of TNBS (0.25 ml of 25 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol). Rats were killed 48 h after colitis induction and colonic segments were analysed for gross damage scores, changes in wet weights, myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of neutrophilic infiltration and glutathione level, a major cellular antioxidant. TNBS induced an extensive inflammation and ulceration in the colon. Colonic damage was associated with an increase in myeloperoxidase activity and by a decrease in glutathione. When compared to vehicle-treated TNBS controls, a marked reduction in gross damage scores and wet weights (mg/cm) of colonic segments were evident in animals pre-treated but not post-treated with 1,8-cineole. Cineole also significantly reduced the myeloperoxidase activity, and caused repletion of glutathione. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory action of 1,8-cineole and suggest its potential value as a dietary flavoring agent in the prevention of gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Cicloexanóis/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico , Doença Aguda , Administração Retal , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Colite/metabolismo , Colite/patologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Cicloexanóis/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eucaliptol , Glutationa/metabolismo , Instilação de Medicamentos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Monoterpenos/administração & dosagem , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/toxicidadeRESUMO
The effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract were analyzed in rats on acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin and were compared to those produced by caffeine, a methylxanthine. Guarana (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o.) pretreated animals showed a significant reduction in the severity of gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol in a manner similar to caffeine (20 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, guarana at a higher dose offered significant protection but caffeine was ineffective at the doses tested. In 4 h pylorus-ligated rats, both guarana and caffeine caused significant diminution in the gastric secretory volume as well as the total acidity. Gastrointestinal transit in mice was not significantly affected by either of these agents. These findings indicate that guarana has a gastroprotective property that needs further elucidation as regards to its mechanism.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Paullinia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Animais , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Cafeína , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanol , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Indometacina , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Ternatin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid from Egletes viscosa Less., was examined for its possible influence on thioglycolate-elicited neutrophil influx into the rat peritoneal cavity in vivo and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. The neutrophil influx induced by thioglycolate was found to be significantly lower in ternatin (25 and 50 mg/kg, s. c.) pre-treated rats with a similar magnitude of inhibition produced by dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, s. c.), a known anti-inflammatory agent. Also, peritoneal macrophages from ternatin (25 mg/kg)-treated mice that were exposed to LPS demonstrated significantly less production of nitric oxide (NO). These results suggest that ternatin exerts its anti-inflammatory action, at least in part, through inhibition of neutrophil migration and modulation of macrophage function.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Asteraceae , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Lipopolissacarídeos , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , TioglicolatosRESUMO
The crude leaf extracts of Croton cajucara Benth. were studied for their antinociceptive property in chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. All the tested extracts (hexanic, chloroformic and methanolic), at oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg demonstrated significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing and the second phase response of formalin, but did not manifest a significant effect in hot-plate test.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Euphorbiaceae , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Acético , Administração Oral , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Formaldeído , Temperatura Alta , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
This study examined trans-dehydrocrotonin (t-DCTN), a nor-clerodane diterpene isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant Croton cajucara Benth., for a possible antioestrogenic activity using immature rats as a model system for bioassay of oestrogen, and for an antiimplantation effect in regularly cycling rats of proven fertility. In the antioestrogen test, t-DCTN (25 and 50 mg/kg) effectively prevented oestrogen-induced increases of uterine wet weights. In addition, the vaginal openings provoked by oestrogen were completely prevented by t-DCTN. However, blastocyst-implantation was only insignificantly affected in t-DCTN pretreated animals. These results suggest that t-DCTN may be an antioestrogen and warrants further studies with regard to its mechanism of action.