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This study evaluated peripheral intravenous catheter insertion by licensed practical nurses in a simulated scenario. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in a general hospital's simulation center located in Brazil, from January to October 2020. The authors developed a tool from the leading guidelines to measure peripheral intravenous catheter insertion performance in 60 licensed practical nurses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with proportions for categorical variables and analytical statistics to denote significance, using SPSS version 22.0. Ethical aspects were respected. Despite the sample comprising professionals who declared an average experience with peripheral intravenous catheter insertion of 6.4 years, at least 50% failed in some tool element. This low score on peripheral intravenous catheter insertion performance is because automation is possible without efforts to improve it. Adding years of practice does not generate better performance. The licensed practical nurses' performance was lower than expected, considering their reported experience, which poses a risk to patient safety. The training of these professionals needs to be discussed in countries where the practice is legal. Skills training should include simulation to approximate clinical practice; nurses must exercise their role in supervising the team.

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SUMMARY STATEMENT: An integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl's 5-stage approach (problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation) was conducted to synthesize the evidence on the theoretical, conceptual, and operational aspects of simulation training with rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP). After the literature search, 2 reviewers independently read and critically evaluated primary studies using the eligibility criteria. A third more experienced reviewer solved disagreements between the reviewers.This review included 31 articles. Eight themes were identified and grouped into 2 pre-established categories: theoretical/conceptual and operational aspects. The first category had the following 3 themes: definition of RCDP, concepts related to the principles of RCDP, and theories underpinning RCDP. The second category had the following 5 themes: total training time, number of participants in the training, training system, first scenario without intervention, and progressive difficulty. This review showed that knowledge about RCDP is still under construction. As a new simulation strategy, there are some theoretical, conceptual, and operational differences in the studies applying RCDP interventions as simulation training.

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An observational study was developed with 108 nursing professionals who managed vascular access devices in 4 intensive care units of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the practice of the nursing staff in performing flushing for the maintenance of vascular access devices in critically ill patients. Data were collected by observing the flushing procedure using a structured checklist and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In 23% of the 404 observations, there was no flushing. When performed at some point during catheter management (77%), flushing was predominant after drug administration with 1 or 2 drugs administered. There were flaws in the flushing technique applied in terms of volume and method of preparation. Time of professional experience >5 years, knowledge about recommendations, and training on flushing were variables associated with technique performance. It was concluded that the flushing procedure did not meet the recommendations of good practices, with failures that constituted medication errors.

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AIM: to compare the effect of rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation training with skill-training simulation on peripheral intravenous catheter insertion for Licensed Practical Nurses. BACKGROUND: The use of peripheral intravenous catheters is associated with high rates of complications, although it is widely used in clinical practice. Training strategies to ensure good performance can minimize the risks inherent to this procedure. DESIGN: A randomized simulation experimental pre-post interventional study. METHODS: Sixty participants were allocated to intervention (n = 30) or control (n = 30) groups. Participants allocated to the intervention group were trained through the Rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation strategy, while participants in the control group were trained through the skill-training simulation strategy. A pre-test was applied before any intervention and a post-test after intervention. The primary outcome was the performance in the peripheral intravenous catheter insertion skill. The comparison of correct performance in the tests was analyzed intergroup and intragroup. The effect size of the interventions was also analyzed. The t-Student and Mann-Whitney tests compared the difference between the groups. The training effect was calculated by Cohen's dm and Glass's Δ measures. RESULTS: Performance between the pre-post-test increased from 59.4% to 96% (p < 0.001) in the intervention group and from 57.8% to 93.5% in the control group (p < 0001). There was no statistical difference between the groups after intervention (p = 0225). Cohen's dm measurement was 2.95 and 3.59 in the control and intervention groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation strategy resulted in Licensed Practical Nurses' performance improvements in peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, evidenced by the increase of correct performance actions in the post-test compared to the pre-test. However, with no statistical difference compared to the skill-training simulation strategy.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to elaborate, based on the assessment of the nursing team's flushing practice, a care technology prototype aimed at promoting good practices in intravenous catheter maintenance in intensive care. Method: a technology elaboration study, developed in three stages: flushing practice assessment through a questionnaire completed by 108 nursing professionals working in intravenous catheter maintenance in intensive care settings of a public hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data collection took place from November 2019 to January 2020, with descriptive and inferential data analysis; analysis of this practice regarding the existence of errors according to the main guidelines and scientific evidence, with classification of types of errors in the light of the conceptual framework of patient safety; and technology prototype development. Results: 88% of participants perform flushing in their practice; 49.5% apply the continuous pressure technique on the syringe plunger; 22% perform flushing before, between and after medication administration; predominance of use of volume and syringes with gauges of 5 ml and 10 ml. Variables related to knowledge were associated with not performing flushing. There were active and latent errors that guided the technology prototype construction. Conclusion: a care guide was built that aims to increase nursing team's knowledge about good flushing practices and is configured as a barrier to error recurrence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar, a partir de la evaluación de la práctica de flushing del equipo de enfermería, un prototipo de tecnología asistencial con el objetivo de promover buenas prácticas en el mantenimiento de catéteres intravenosos en cuidados intensivos. Método: estudio de elaboración de tecnología, desarrollado en tres etapas: evaluación de la práctica de flushing a través de un cuestionario completado por 108 profesionales de enfermería que actúan en el mantenimiento de catéteres intravenosos en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital público ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La recolección de datos ocurrió de noviembre de 2019 a enero de 2020, con análisis de datos descriptivo e inferencial; análisis de esta práctica en cuanto a la existencia de errores según las principales guías y evidencias científicas, con clasificación de tipos de errores a la luz del marco conceptual de seguridad del paciente; y desarrollo del prototipo tecnológico. Resultados: el 88% de los participantes realizan flushing en su consulta; el 49,5% aplica la técnica de presión continua sobre el émbolo de la jeringa; el 22% realiza flushing antes, entre y después de la administración de medicamentos; hubo predominio del uso de volumen y jeringas con calibres de 5 ml y 10 ml. Las variables relacionadas con el conocimiento se asociaron con no realizar el flushing. Existieron errores activos y latentes que orientaron la construcción del prototipo tecnológico. Conclusión: se elaboró ​​una guía de atención que tiene como objetivo aumentar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería sobre las buenas prácticas de flushing y se configura como una barrera para la recurrencia de errores.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar, com base na avaliação da prática do flushing da equipe de enfermagem, um protótipo de tecnologia de cuidado voltado a promover as boas práticas na manutenção dos cateteres intravenosos em terapia intensiva. Método: estudo de elaboração de tecnologia, desenvolvido em três etapas: avaliação da prática do flushing através de questionário preenchido por 108 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na manutenção dos cateteres intravenosos em cenários de terapia intensiva de um hospital público localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, com análise descritiva e inferencial dos dados; análise dessa prática quanto à existência de erros segundo as principais diretrizes e evidências científicas, com classificação dos tipos de erros à luz do referencial conceitual da segurança do paciente; e elaboração do protótipo da tecnologia. Resultados: 88% dos participantes realizam o flushing na sua prática; 49,5% aplicam a técnica de pressão contínua no êmbolo da seringa; 22% realizam o flushing antes, entre e após a administração de medicamentos; predomínio da utilização do volume e de seringas com calibres de 5 ml e 10 ml. Variáveis relacionadas ao conhecimento associaram-se à não realização do flushing. Houve erros ativos e latentes que orientaram a construção do protótipo da tecnologia. Conclusão: construiu-se um Guia de Cuidado que objetiva ampliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre as boas práticas do flushing e se configura como uma barreira à recorrência dos erros.

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Resumo Objetivo Descrever o desenvolvimento e as características de um protótipo de chatbot destinado à coleta e ao registro de dados de avaliação da maturação da fístula arteriovenosa pelo enfermeiro. Métodos Estudo metodológico aplicado para a construção de um chatbot conduzido nas seguintes fases: construção da base de conhecimento; seleção do tipo de assistente virtual; roteirização do conteúdo; criação do diálogo no chatbot; e revisão do diálogo. Resultados Foi construída a base de conhecimento de um chatbot, denominado de "FAViana", a partir do conteúdo de um protocolo de avaliação da maturação da fístula aplicando-se a inspeção, palpação e ausculta. A roteirização do conteúdo deu base para a simulação de um diálogo estruturado em questionário no Google Forms® que foi transformado em conversação por meio do complemento Chat Forms®. As características do "FAViana" foram alinhadas à primeira etapa do processo de enfermagem para documentação dos dados da avaliação e anormalidades da maturação da FAV e ao oferecimento de suporte para a interpretação dos dados anormais, indicando a provável complicação e sugerindo recomendações sobre a possível complicação. Conclusão O protótipo do chatbot poderá fornecer uma alternativa inovadora para a implementação do processo de enfermagem na assistência a pacientes nefrológicos.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el desarrollo y las características de un prototipo de chatbot destinado a la recopilación y al registro de datos de evaluación de la maduración de la fístula arteriovenosa por enfermeros. Métodos Estudio metodológico aplicado para la elaboración de un chatbot conducido en las siguientes etapas: construcción de la base de conocimiento; selección del tipo de asistente virtual; elaboración del guion del contenido; creación del diálogo en el chatbot; y revisión del diálogo. Resultados Se construyó la base del conocimiento de un chatbot, denominado "FAViana", a partir del contenido de un protocolo de evaluación de la maduración de la fístula, en que se aplica la inspección, palpación y auscultación. La producción del guion del contenido estableció la base para la simulación de un diálogo estructurado en un cuestionario de Google Forms® que fue transformado en una conversación por medio del complemento Chat Forms®. Las características de "FAViana" fueron elaboradas de acuerdo con la primera etapa del proceso de enfermería para la documentación de los datos de la evaluación y de anormalidades de la maduración de la FAV y con el ofrecimiento de asistencia para la interpretación de los datos anormales, indicando la complicación probable y sugiriendo recomendaciones sobre la posible complicación. Conclusión El prototipo del chatbot podrá servir como una alternativa innovadora para la implementación del proceso de enfermería en la atención a pacientes nefrológicos.

Abstract Objective To describe the development and characteristics of a chatbot prototype intended for data collection and recording for arteriovenous fistula maturation assessment by nurses. Methods This is a methodological study applied to the construction of a chatbot conducted in the following phases: knowledge base construction; virtual assistant type selection; content scripting; dialogue creation in the chatbot; and dialogue review. Results The knowledge base of a chatbot, called "FAViana", was built from the content of a fistula maturation assessment protocol applying inspection, palpation and auscultation. Content scripting provided the basis for simulating a dialogue structured in a questionnaire on Google Forms®, which was transformed into a conversation using the Chat Forms® add-on. "FAViana" characteristics were aligned with the first step of the Nursing Process for documenting assessment data and abnormalities of AVF maturation and providing support for abnormal data interpretation, indicating the likely complication and suggesting recommendations on the possible complication. Conclusion A chatbot prototype could provide an innovative alternative for the Nursing Process implementation in assisting nephrological patients.

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OBJECTIVES: to synthesize the evidence on intravenous device labeling used to identify medications administered to patients in Intensive Care Units, with a view to preventing medication errors. METHODS: an integrative review, in the LILACS, IBECS, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, from November to December 2021, using descriptors and selection criteria. Data were collected in 11 articles and subsequently classified, summarized and aggregated. RESULTS: pre-designed labels, with pre-defined colors and information, help to prevent medication identification errors. There is still a lack of standardization in the practice of labeling syringes, intravenous lines, infusion pumps and saline solution bags. There are errors related to the lack of labeling devices or to their performance with incomplete information. CONCLUSIONS: device labeling is a barrier to defending the medication system safety and should be standardized.

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OBJECTIVE: to evidence the use of flushing to prevent complications from intravenous therapy. METHODS: an integrative review in databases, using descriptors and selection criteria. Data were collected in 12 articles using an instrument and later classified, summarized and aggregated for knowledge synthesis. RESULTS: it was evident that: the pre-filled syringe resulted in a lower occurrence of catheter obstruction; irregular flushing frequency caused advanced phlebitis; the use of Venous Arterial Blood Management Protection (VAMP) generated a lower incidence of blood infection; heparinized solution did not result in a lower central catheter failure rate; flushing volume and frequency were not predictors of catheter failure; flushing practice was not shown to be incorporated among professionals. CONCLUSION: there are disagreements about the volume, frequency, solution and devices used in flushing. New technologies can reduce complications such as obstruction and infection.

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To identify a clinical judgment of susceptibility referring to the development of glycemic fluctuations in adults with Diabetes Mellitus undergoing treatment. Theoretical study with construct analysis. The exploration of the phenomena of glycemic variations provided clues for the description of the blood glucose pattern construct and the proposal of a new risk Nursing diagnosis as a judgment of susceptibility to the balance of this pattern. The risk factors for "Risk for Imbalanced Blood Glucose Pattern" are cognitive dysfunction; excessive alcohol consumption; excessive daily exercise; inadequate follow through with treatment regimen; increased frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose; inadequate knowledge of disease process; inadequate management of amount of food; inadequate regularity of meal consumption; obesity; overweight; smoking; underweight. The elaboration of "Risk for Imbalanced Blood Glucose Pattern" Nursing diagnosis contributes to the advancement in the Nursing classifications and to the elaboration of planning actions and specific interventions.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize the evidence on intravenous device labeling used to identify medications administered to patients in Intensive Care Units, with a view to preventing medication errors. Methods: an integrative review, in the LILACS, IBECS, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, from November to December 2021, using descriptors and selection criteria. Data were collected in 11 articles and subsequently classified, summarized and aggregated. Results: pre-designed labels, with pre-defined colors and information, help to prevent medication identification errors. There is still a lack of standardization in the practice of labeling syringes, intravenous lines, infusion pumps and saline solution bags. There are errors related to the lack of labeling devices or to their performance with incomplete information. Conclusions: device labeling is a barrier to defending the medication system safety and should be standardized.

RESUMEN Objetivos: sintetizar las evidencias sobre el etiquetado de dispositivos intravenosos utilizados para identificar medicamentos administrados a pacientes en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, con el objetivo de prevenir errores de medicación. Métodos: revisión integradora, en las bases de datos LILACS, IBECS, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science y CINAHL, de noviembre a diciembre de 2021, utilizando descriptores y criterios de selección. Los datos fueron recolectados en 11 artículos y posteriormente clasificados, resumidos y agregados. Resultados: etiquetas prediseñadas, con colores e información predefinidos, ayudan a prevenir errores de identificación de medicamentos. Todavía hay una falta de estandarización en la práctica de etiquetado de jeringas, líneas intravenosas, bombas de infusión y bolsas de suero. Hay errores relacionados con la falta de etiquetado de los dispositivos o con su realización con información incompleta. Conclusiones: el etiquetado de los dispositivos es una barrera para defender la seguridad del sistema de medicamentos y debe ser estandarizado.

RESUMO Objetivos: sintetizar as evidências sobre a rotulagem de dispositivos intravenosos utilizada para a identificação de medicamentos administrados nos pacientes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, com vistas à prevenção dos erros de medicação. Métodos: revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science e CINAHL, no período de novembro-dezembro de 2021, com uso de descritores e emprego de critérios de seleção. Os dados foram coletados em 11 artigos e, posteriormente, classificados, sumarizados e agregados. Resultados: rótulos pré-desenhados, com cores e informações pré-definidas contribuem para prevenir os erros de identificação dos medicamentos. Persiste a falta de padronização da prática de rotulagem em seringas, linhas intravenosas, bomba infusoras e bolsas de soro. Há erros relacionados à ausência de rotulagem dos dispositivos ou à sua realização com informações incompletas. Conclusões: a rotulagem dos dispositivos é uma barreira para a defesa da segurança do sistema de medicação, devendo ser padronizada.