RESUMO
Obesity and related diseases are becoming more prevalent. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might be a useful coadjutant treatment helping to decrease fat mass. However, the precise impact of CLA is unclear because the decreased body fat mass is followed by an increase in insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate some of the consequences of a high dose of CLA in rats fed a normal low fat or a high fat diet for 30 days. Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups (each n = 10): Control group receiving 7% fat (soybean oil); CLA group receiving 4% soybean oil and 3% CLA mixture; animal fat (AF) group, receiving 45% fat (lard); and animal fat plus CLA (AF+CLA) group, receiving 42% lard and 3% CLA mixture. The CLA mixture contained 39.32 mole% c9,t11-CLA and 40.50 mole% t10,c12-CLA. After 30 days, both CLA groups (CLA and AF+CLA groups) developed insulin resistance, with an increase in glucose in the fasting state and in an insulin tolerance test. The CLA group had increased liver weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue. Feeding the high fat diet resulted in increased hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and this was exacerbated by dietary CLA. It is concluded that a high dose of CLA mixture increases insulin resistance and exacerbates hepatic steatosis when combined with a high fat diet.
Assuntos
Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Resistência à Insulina , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/administração & dosagem , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
This work investigated the effects of Vitamin E (VE) on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) incidence, oxidative stress parameters (serum and hepatic VE concentration, and homocysteine, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels), and expression of both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) in experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) twice a week, for two weeks (40 mg/kg), except for the Control group. Animals were separated into groups that received different amounts of VE in the diet: 0 IU (0×), 75 IU (recommended daily intake, RDI), 225 IU (3× RDI), or 1500 IU (20× RDI), during (dDMH) or after (aDMH) administration of carcinogen. The 0×dDMH and 3×dDMH groups showed decreased serum VE levels. Hepatic VE concentration was higher in 3×aDMH as compared with the other groups. All the groups, except the Control and the 0×aDMH groups, had reduced GSH levels. The 0×dDMH, 0×aDMH, and 20×aDMH groups exhibited increased MDA levels. The aDMH groups had higher ACF incidence and PCNA expression. The 0×aDMH group presented higher ACF rate, followed by 20×aDMH. Moreover, the 3×aDMH group displayed reduced ACF incidence and COX2 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that GSH modulated homocysteine levels and COX2. These results suggested that 1500 IU of VE is hazardous, whereas 225 IU of VE has beneficial effects on chemical colorectal carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Vitamina E/farmacologia , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina/administração & dosagem , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina/toxicidade , Focos de Criptas Aberrantes/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Carcinógenos/administração & dosagem , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/induzido quimicamente , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glutationa/sangue , Homocisteína/sangue , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/genética , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Recomendações Nutricionais , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
An adult male Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) with blood in the feces was examined for an internal mass in the abdominal caudal region near to the cloaca. During the necropsy, a large tumor mass around the large intestine was observed. The histopathology was suggestive of smooth muscle tumor and the immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for vimentin, desmin, SMA and KIT for the identification of the tumor histogenesis. The results were consistent with intestinal leiomyosarcoma.
Assuntos
Animais , Leiomiossarcoma/patologia , Leiomiossarcoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Intestinais/veterinária , Tentilhões , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
An adult male Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) with blood in the feces was examined for an internal mass in the abdominal caudal region near to the cloaca. During the necropsy, a large tumor mass around the large intestine was observed. The histopathology was suggestive of smooth muscle tumor and the immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for vimentin, desmin, SMA and KIT for the identification of the tumor histogenesis. The results were consistent with intestinal leiomyosarcoma.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Leiomiossarcoma/patologia , Leiomiossarcoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Intestinais/veterinária , Tentilhões , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterináriaRESUMO
Osteoma is an uncommon bone formation documented in avian species and other animals. A blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) with clinical respiratory symptoms was examined because of a hard mass present on the left nostril. Radiographs suggested a bone tumor, and the mass was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination revealed features of an osteoma. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an osteoma in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. Osteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in birds with respiratory distress and swelling of the nostril.
Assuntos
Amazona , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Osteoma/patologia , Animais , Biópsia/veterinária , Doenças das Aves/cirurgia , Masculino , Osteoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma; it accounts for more than 280,000 deaths annually. In this work we investigated the effect of the alkaloidic extract obtained by acid-base extraction of the dried fruits of Solanum lycocarpum on schistosomiasis. We used this extract at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to treat mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni in different phases of the parasite cycle, and we compared its effect with that of the positive control praziquantel (60 mg/kg). We evaluated the results on the basis of the number of macrophages, eggs, and granulomas; we also assessed nitric oxide (NO) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. Animals treated with a daily dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg alkaloidic extract between the 37th and 41st day of infection showed increased number of macrophages, elevated NO and IFN-γ concentrations, and reduced number of eggs and granulomas in the liver. The alkaloidic extract of S. lycocarpum fruits displayed an immunomodulatory effect on mice infected with S. mansoni, so its potential to treat schistosomiasis deserves further studies.
Assuntos
Frutas/química , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Schistosoma mansoni/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquistossomose mansoni/tratamento farmacológico , Alcaloides de Solanáceas/farmacologia , Solanum/química , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Fatores Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Interferon gama/sangue , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/citologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Praziquantel/farmacologia , Praziquantel/uso terapêutico , Schistosoma mansoni/imunologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/imunologia , Alcaloides de Solanáceas/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides de Solanáceas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The aberrant crypt foci (ACF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are putative biomarkers for colon cancer. To study the association between light (1 g of ethanol/kg bw) and moderate (3 g of ethanol/kg bw) doses of ethanol with the chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. The colon fragments were collected for histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses, and the liver samples were collected for oxidative stress analysis, with products of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzymes (glutathione), and vitamin E. The association of light and moderate doses of ethanol with MNNG did not present differences in the oxidative parameters. However, a reduction in vitamin E levels in the carcinogen groups was observed. The association induced a reduction of the COX-2 and PCNA expression. The number of ACF in the group that received a light dose of ethanol had lower rates, while the group that received a moderate dose had the highest rates compared to the control MNNG, demonstrating that the light dose of ethanol could have a protective effect, while the moderate dose could represent a risk during chemical carcinogenesis in rats.