RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to map scientific evidence regarding the use of local pressure devices in pain relief during injection procedures in patients. METHODS: scoping review, following the recommendations of the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and PRISMA-ScR, with searches conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and PsycINFO databases, without temporal restrictions and with a cutoff date of March 2023. RESULTS: a total of 1,514 studies were identified, with 20 articles included in the final sample. The ShotBlocker® device was utilized during subcutaneous and intramuscular injections in children and adults, proving beneficial in reducing pain, anxiety, and fear associated with the procedure. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the ShotBlocker® is a low-cost, easy-to-use device that can enhance nursing clinical practice during painful procedures. However, studies involving the Brazilian Pikluc® device are scarce. Further research involving both local pressure devices is recommended.
Assuntos
Manejo da Dor , Humanos , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Manejo da Dor/normas , Pressão/efeitos adversos , Injeções/instrumentação , Injeções/métodosRESUMO
Bacterial meningitis is still a significant public health concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite this, it is still a rare event that requires the bacterial invasion of the meninges. However, some predisposing factors can trigger recurrent episodes of meningitis. This study is aimed at determining the clinical characteristics and the molecular epidemiology of episodes of recurrent community-acquired meningitis with and without predisposing factors. For this purpose, we performed a retrospective study of our laboratory database during the period of 2010 to 2020. Additionally, using molecular tools developed in our previous works, the epidemiology of the pathogens causing these episodes was analyzed using cerebrospinal fluid samples, especially in the absence of isolated strains. We observed a total of 1,779 meningitis cases and 230 were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Of those, 16 were recurrent meningitis episodes (16/1,779; 0.9%) from seven patients. Pneumococcus was the main agent responsible in these recurrent episodes and only two episodes were caused by Haemophilus influenzae. The mean age of these patients was 20 years old and three had predisposing factors which could have led to contracting meningitis. The samples presented different pneumococcal serotypes. Most of them were non-vaccine-covered serotypes and antibiotic susceptible strains. Therefore, it was demonstrated how the practical employment of molecular tools, developed for research, when applied in the routine of diagnosis, can provide important information for epidemiological surveillance. Furthermore, it was shown how pneumococcus was the leading cause of recurrent community-acquired meningitis without predisposing factors, suggesting that pneumococcal vaccination may be necessary, even in those groups of individuals considered to be less susceptible.
Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Meningite Pneumocócica , Recidiva , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Humanos , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Meningite Pneumocócica/epidemiologia , Meningite Pneumocócica/microbiologia , Adulto , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Sorogrupo , Antibacterianos , Haemophilus influenzae/genética , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Haemophilus influenzae/classificaçãoRESUMO
O Comitê de Integridade na Pesquisa do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (CIPIAL), com o objetivo de promover a cultura da integridade científica como um dos valores fundamentais defendidos pela instituição nas suas atividades de pesquisa, considera relevante compartilhar com a comunidade científica a sua implantação, destacando o seu papel no gerenciamento deste tema na instituição. Após a publicação de seu regimento, de acordo com as suas competências primordiais, o CIPIAL elaborou e publicou o Código de Boas Práticas Científicas do IAL com o objetivo de definir as políticas de integridade para orientar os profissionais envolvidos com a pesquisa. (AU)
The Research Integrity Committee of the Adolfo Lutz Institute (CIPIAL), with the aim of promoting the culture of scientific integrity as one of the fundamental values defended by the institution in its research activities, considers it relevant to share its implementation with the scientific community, highlighting its role in managing this issue at the institution. Following the publication of its rules and regulations, in accordance with its core competencies, CIPIAL drew up and published the IAL Code of Good Scientific Practice with the aim of defining integrity policies to guide professionals involved in research. (AU)
Assuntos
Pesquisadores , Má Conduta Científica , Revisão de Integridade Científica , Ética em PesquisaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. METHODS: Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies' level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D-) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. RESULTS: 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (CâA) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). CONCLUSION: Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.
Assuntos
Zumbido , Humanos , Idoso , Zumbido/terapia , Zumbido/psicologia , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Percepção Auditiva , AtençãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Precisely determining the aspects related to an instrument's validity and reliability measures allows for greater assurance of the quality of the results. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the psychometric properties of The Providers Survey in the Brazilian context of mental health services. DESIGN AND SETTING: The instrument validation study was conducted in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The validation study was conducted using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments checklist to analyze its validity and reliability. RESULTS: A committee of expert judges performed content validation after which the Content Validity Index was calculated. Construct validation took place through Exploratory Factor Analysis using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test criterion and Bartlett's Sphericity Test. Reliability was verified using test-retest reliability. The significance level adopted for the statistical tests was 5% (P < 0.05). The final instrument comprised 54 questions. The Content Validity Index was 97%. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.901 and Bartlett's Sphericity Test with P < 0.001. We obtained a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.849. CONCLUSIONS: The Providers Survey, translated and adapted into Portuguese, was named the Work Assessment Instrument for the Recovery of Mental Health. It presented adequate psychometric properties for evaluating work-related practices for the recovery of psychosocial care network users.
RESUMO
Abstract Objectives Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. Methods Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies' level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D−) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. Results 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (C‒A) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). Conclusion Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to map scientific evidence regarding the use of local pressure devices in pain relief during injection procedures in patients. Methods: scoping review, following the recommendations of the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and PRISMA-ScR, with searches conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and PsycINFO databases, without temporal restrictions and with a cutoff date of March 2023. Results: a total of 1,514 studies were identified, with 20 articles included in the final sample. The ShotBlocker® device was utilized during subcutaneous and intramuscular injections in children and adults, proving beneficial in reducing pain, anxiety, and fear associated with the procedure. Final considerations: the ShotBlocker® is a low-cost, easy-to-use device that can enhance nursing clinical practice during painful procedures. However, studies involving the Brazilian Pikluc® device are scarce. Further research involving both local pressure devices is recommended.
RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear evidencia científica sobre el uso de dispositivos de presión local en el alivio del dolor durante la aplicación de inyecciones en pacientes. Métodos: revisión de alcance, siguiendo las recomendaciones del Manual JBI para Síntesis de Evidencia y PRISMA-ScR, con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS y PsycINFO, sin restricciones temporales y con fecha límite hasta marzo de 2023. Resultados: se identificaron un total de 1,514 estudios, con 20 artículos incluidos en la muestra final. El dispositivo ShotBlocker® se utilizó durante las inyecciones subcutáneas e intramusculares en niños y adultos, demostrando ser beneficioso en la reducción del dolor, la ansiedad y el miedo asociados con el procedimiento. Consideraciones finales: el ShotBlocker® es un dispositivo de bajo costo y fácil manejo que puede mejorar la práctica clínica de enfermería durante procedimientos dolorosos. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre el dispositivo brasileño Pikluc® son escasos. Se recomienda realizar estudios con ambos dispositivos de presión local.
RESUMO Objetivo: mapear evidências científicas acerca da utilização de dispositivos de pressão local no alívio da dor durante a aplicação de injeções em pacientes. Métodos: revisão de escopo, conforme recomendações do JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis e PRISMA-ScR, com busca nas bases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS e PsycINFO, sem recorte temporal e data limite até março de 2023. Resultados: foram encontrados 1.514 estudos, sendo incluídos 20 artigos na amostra final. O dispositivo ShotBlocker® foi utilizado durante a aplicação de injeções subcutânea e intramuscular em crianças e adultos, sendo benéfico na redução da dor, da ansiedade e do medo associados ao procedimento. Considerações finais: o ShotBlocker® é um dispositivo de baixo custo e fácil manuseio a ser utilizado para aprimorar a prática clínica da Enfermagem durante a realização de procedimentos dolorosos. Contudo, estudos com o dispositivo brasileiro Pikluc® são escassos. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos com ambos os dispositivos de pressão local.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effect of Unna's Boot on the healing of venous ulcers compared to other therapies. Methods: Systematic Review carried out in the databases Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, and grey literature. Population - adult patients with venous ulcers; Intervention- Unna's Boot (UB); Control - other compression therapies (CT); Outcome- healing; Designs- randomized clinical trial, cohort study, and case control, published from 2001 to 2024. The effect of the intervention, risk of bias, and quality of evidence were evaluated. Registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021290077). Results: A total of 39 studies were included, with 5.151 patients. The majority (71.8%) were randomized controlled trials (RCT). UB was used as intervention/control in eight studies. When comparing CTs, only 1 study with UB showed a superior effect (p < .001) in healing, compared with high compression elastic bandage. In the quality of evidence analysis, 27 studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. Conclusion: No superiority of UB was found in the healing of venous ulcers when compared to other CTs.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la Bota de Unna en la cicatrización de úlceras venosas en comparación con otras terapias. Métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos Scopus, Embase, Biblioteca Cochrane, Web de la Ciencia, PubMed, Índice acumulativo de literatura de enfermería y salud afines, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, y literatura gris. Población - pacientes adultos con úlceras venosas; Intervención- Bota de Unna (BU); Control: otras terapias de compresión (TC); Resultado- curación; Diseños: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, estudio de cohorte y casos y controles, publicado del 2002 al 2023. Se evaluaron el efecto de la intervención, el riesgo de sesgo y la calidad de la evidencia. Registrada en PRÓSPERO (CRD42021290077). Resultados: Se incluyeron 39 estudios, con 5.151 pacientes. La mayoría (71,8%) fueron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA). La BU se utilizó como intervención/control en ocho estudios. Al comparar TC, sólo 1 estudio con BU mostró un efecto superior (p < .001) en la curación, en comparación con el vendaje elástico de alta compresión. En el análisis de la calidad de la evidencia, se evaluó que 27 estudios tenían un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusión: No se encontró superioridad de la BU en la curación de úlceras venosas en comparación con otras TC.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da Bota de Unna na cicatrização de úlceras venosas em comparação com outras terapias. Métodos: Revisão Sistemática realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, e de literatura cinzenta. População- pacientes adultos com úlcera venosa; Intervenção- Bota de Unna (BU); Controle- outras terapias compressivas (TC); Desfecho- cicatrização; Delineamentos- ensaio clínico randomizado, estudo de coorte e caso controle, publicados de 2002 a 2023. Avaliaramu-se efeito da intervenção, risco de viés e qualidade da evidência. Registrada no PROSPERO (CRD42021290077). Resultados: Foram incluídos 39 estudos, com 5.151 pacientes. A maioria (71,8%) era ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR). A BU foi utilizada como intervenção/controle em oito estudos. Na comparação entre TC, somente 1 estudo com BU apresentou efeito superior (p < .001) na cicatrização, comparado com atadura elástica de alta compressão. Na análise de qualidade da evidência, 27 estudos foram avaliados com alto risco de viés. Conclusão: Não foi encontrada superioridade da BU na cicatrização de úlceras venosas quando comparada com outras TC.