RESUMO
Ferrihydrite is widespread in clays, soils, and living organisms and was found on Mars. This iron-mineral could be found on the prebiotic Earth, which also contained simple monomeric amino acids. For prebiotic chemistry, it is important to understand how amino acids have an effect on the process of iron oxide formations. There are three important results in this work: (a) preconcentration of cysteine and aspartic acid, (b) formation of cystine and probably the cysteine peptide occurred during ferrihydrite syntheses, and (c) amino acids have an effect on iron oxide synthesis. For samples containing aspartic acid and cysteine, their presence on the surface or mineral structure can be confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Surface charge analysis showed a relatively high decrease for samples synthesized with cysteine. Scanning electron microscopy did not show marked morphological differences among the samples, except for the seawater sample containing cysteine, which had a lamina-shaped morphology surrounded by circular iron particles, indicating the possible formation of a cysteine structure involving iron oxide particles. The thermogravimetric analysis of the samples indicates that the presence of salts and amino acids in the synthesis of ferrihydrite has an effect on the thermal behavior of the iron oxide/amino acids and modifying the water-loss temperature. The heating of the cysteine samples, synthesized in distilled water and artificial seawater, showed several peaks of degradation of cysteine. In addition, heating of the aspartic acid samples produced the polymerization of this amino acid and peaks of degradation of it. FTIR spectra and XRD patterns did not indicate the precipitation of methionine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, lysine, or glycine with the iron oxide formations. However, the heating of the glycine, methionine and lysine samples, synthesized in artificial seawater, showed peaks that could be attributed to the degradation of them. Then this could be an indication that these amino acids precipitate with the minerals during the syntheses. Also, the dissolution of these amino acids in artificial seawater prevents the formation of ferrihydrite.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Cisteína , Aminoácidos/química , Cisteína/química , Ácido Aspártico , Lisina , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Compostos Férricos/química , Minerais/química , Ferro , Água do Mar/química , Metionina , Água , Glicina , AdsorçãoRESUMO
Two laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of sugar cane straw on soil acidity. Sugar cane straw residues were added on the surface of a Typic Harplortox in a polyvinyl chlorid (PVC) column at rates of 0, 20, 40, and 76 g kg-1, the soil was incubated to field capacity with distilled water and incubated for 0, 7, 14, 45, and 90 days. Soil samples were taken at 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and 20-25 cm depth. With the increase of sugar cane straw rates one verified the increase of soil pH CaCl2, and decrease of KCl exchangeable Al in the top 15cm soil layer. The contribution of organic compounds to Al detoxification incresead with increasing sugar cane straw rates. Wheat root elongation used as acid indicator plant increased with increasing sugar cane straw rates. Maximum root growth was about 15cm long in the soil after eight days for the highest sugar cane straw rate.
Conduziram-se dois experimentos em laboratório avaliar o efeito da palha da cana- de-açúcar na acidez do solo. A palha da cana foi adicionada nas doses de 0, 20, 40, e 76 g kg-1 na superfície de um latossolo roxo distrófico acondicionado em colunas de PVC. O solo foi incubado a capacidade de campo durante 0, 7, 14, 45, e 90 dias. Após cada incubação, o solo das colunas foram subdividido e amostrado nas seguintes frações 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, e 20-25 cm. Com o aumento da dose da palha da cana verificou-se aumento do pH CaCl2 do solo e decréscimo do alumínio trocável até a camada de 15 cm de solo da coluna de PVC. A contribuição de compostos orgânicos para a destoxificação do Al aumentou com o acréscimo das doses da palha da cana. O crescimento da raiz das plantas trigo usadas como planta indicadora aumentou com o acréscimo das doses da palha de cana. O máximo de crescimento da raiz foi até a camada de 15 cm de solo depois de oito dias para a maior dose de palha da cana-de-açúcar.