RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Variceal recurrence after endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for secondary prophylaxis is a frequent event. Some studies have reported a correlation between variceal recurrence and variceal rebleeding with the EUS features of paraesophageal vessels. A prospective observational study was conducted to correlate EUS evaluation of paraesophageal varices, azygos vein, and thoracic duct with variceal recurrence after EBL variceal eradication in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: EUS was performed before and 1 month after EBL variceal eradication. Paraesophageal varices, azygos vein, and thoracic duct maximum diameters were evaluated in predetermined anatomic stations. After EBL variceal eradication, patients were submitted to endoscopic examinations every 3 months for 1 year. We looked for EUS features that could predict variceal recurrence. RESULTS: Thirty patients completed a 1-year endoscopic follow-up. Seventeen patients (57%) presented variceal recurrence. There was no correlation between azygos vein and thoracic duct diameter with variceal recurrence. Larger paraesophageal varices predicted variceal recurrence in both evaluation periods. Paraesophageal varices diameters that best correlated with variceal recurrence were 6.3 mm before EBL (52.9% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, and .749 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]) and 4 mm after EBL (70.6% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity, and .801 AUROC). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that paraesophageal varices diameter measured by EUS predicts variceal recurrence within 1 year after EBL variceal eradication. Paraesophageal diameter after variceal eradication is a better recurrence predictor, because it has a lower cut-off parameter, higher sensitivity, and higher AUROC.

Assuntos

Veia Ázigos/diagnóstico por imagem , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Esôfago/irrigação sanguínea , Ducto Torácico/diagnóstico por imagem , Área Sob a Curva , Endossonografia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/etiologia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/cirurgia , Esofagoscopia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Ligadura , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Recidiva , Prevenção Secundária

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Direct endoscopic visualization of biliopancreatic duct is certainly one of the greatest advances of therapeutic endoscopy. The use of a single-operator cholangioscopy platform (SpyGlass) is a promising technique in the evaluation of diseases such as indeterminate biliary stricture and giant choledocholitiasis. This is the first Brazilian case series using this technology. METHODS: We report a case series of 20 patients in whom SpyGlass was used with diagnostic and therapeutic intention. RESULTS: Most patients were female (60%) and the median age was 48 years (ranging from 14 to 94). Choledocholitiasis was the most common indication (12/20), and electrohydraulic lithotripsy was applied in eight (66%). Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was successful in seven (87.5%) patients. Partial stone fragmentation occurred in one patient with large stone causing stone-choledochal disproportion, which was conducted with biliary plastic stent placement and a second scheduled endoscopic approach in 3 months. In cases of undefined etiology of biliary strictures, it was possible to exclude malignancy due to direct visualization (7/8) or biopsy (1/8). One complication occurred (duodenal perforation) after papillary balloon dilation. CONCLUSION: The use of SpyGlass demonstrated the benefits, especially in cases of large bile duct stones and indeterminate biliary strictures. Other potencial improvements such as reduction on radiation exposure should be confirmed in prospective studies.

Assuntos

Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

Context Direct endoscopic visualization of biliopancreatic duct is certainly one of the greatest advances of therapeutic endoscopy. The use of a single-operator cholangioscopy platform (SpyGlass) is a promising technique in the evaluation of diseases such as indeterminate biliary stricture and giant choledocholitiasis. This is the first Brazilian case series using this technology. Methods We report a case series of 20 patients in whom SpyGlass was used with diagnostic and therapeutic intention. Results Most patients were female (60%) and the median age was 48 years (ranging from 14 to 94). Choledocholitiasis was the most common indication (12/20), and electrohydraulic lithotripsy was applied in eight (66%). Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was successful in seven (87.5%) patients. Partial stone fragmentation occurred in one patient with large stone causing stone-choledochal disproportion, which was conducted with biliary plastic stent placement and a second scheduled endoscopic approach in 3 months. In cases of undefined etiology of biliary strictures, it was possible to exclude malignancy due to direct visualization (7/8) or biopsy (1/8). One complication occurred (duodenal perforation) after papillary balloon dilation. Conclusion The use of SpyGlass demonstrated the benefits, especially in cases of large bile duct stones and indeterminate biliary strictures. Other potencial improvements such as reduction on radiation exposure should be confirmed in prospective studies. .

---

Contexto A visão endoscópica direta das vias biliopancreáticas é certamente um dos maiores avanços na endoscopia terapêutica. O uso da plataforma de colangioscopia de operador-único (SpyGlass) é uma técnica promissora na avaliação de afecções tais como estenoses de etiologia indefinida e coledocolitíase gigante. Essa é a primeira série de casos brasileira utilizando o método. Métodos Reportamos uma série de casos de 20 pacientes nos quais foi realizado Spyglass com objetivos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Resultados A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (60%), com idade que variou de 14 a 94 anos (mediana de 48). Coledocolitíase foi a indicação mais comum (12/20) e litotripsia eletrohidráulica foi realizada em oito (66%). Litotripsia eletrohidráulica foi realizada com sucesso em sete (87,5%) pacientes. Fragmentação parcial dos cálculos ocorreu em um paciente com desproporção cálculo-coledociana, sendo conduzido com colocação de prótese plástica e reabordagem endoscópica programada em 3 meses. Nos casos de estenoses biliares de etiologia indeterminada, foi possível a exclusão de malignidade devido a visualização direta (7/8) ou biópsia (1/8). Uma complicação ocorreu (perfuração duodenal) após dilatação balonada da papila. Conclusão Foram demonstrados os benefícios do uso do Spyglass, principalmente nos casos de coledocolitíase gigante e estenoses biliares de etiologia indefinida. Outras potenciais vantagens como a redução da exposição à radiação deve ser confirmada em estudos prospectivos posteriores. .

Assuntos

Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

A 76-year-old woman, presenting with a 4-year history of progressive dysphagia, was submitted to endoscopic examination. The upper endoscopy revealed a proximal esophageal stricture and inflammatory mucosa associated with multiples small orifices in the esophageal wall, some of them fulfilled with white spots suggestive of fungal infection. This was a typical endoscopic finding of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis, a benign and rare condition, related to chronic esophagitis and others comorbid states, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or infectious esophagitis, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, and achalasia. Dysphagia is the predominant symptom and can be accompanied by esophageal stricture in 80% to 90% of patients. The pathogenesis is unknown, and as the pseudodiverticulosis is an intramural finding, endoscopy biopsies are inconclusive. The main histological finding is dilation of the submucosal glands excretory ducts, probably obstructed by inflammatory cells. The treatment consists in management of the underlying diseases and symptoms relief. In this particular case, the patient was submitted to antifungal drugs followed by endoscopic dilation with thermoplastic bougies, with satisfactory improvement of dysphagia.

RESUMO

Chromoendoscopy with Lugol's staining remains the gold standard technique for detecting superficial SCC. An alternative technique, such as narrow-band imaging (NBI), for "optical staining" would be desirable, since NBI is a simpler technique and has no known complications. In this study, we compare NBI without magnification and chromoendoscopy with Lugol's staining for detecting high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with achalasia. This was a prospective observational study of 43 patients with achalasia referred to the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit of the Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo, University Medical School, Brazil, from October 2006 to February 2007. Conventional examinations with white light, NBI, and Lugol staining were consecutively performed, and the suspected lesions were mapped, recorded, and sent for biopsy. The results of the three methods were compared regarding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood value, and negative likelihood value. Of the 43 patients, one was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it was detected by all of the methods. NBI technology without magnification has high sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it has comparable results with those obtained with Lugol's staining.