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Disease-resistant potato cultivars with good tuber appearance and desirable agronomic traits are essential for meeting the demands of producers and the market. Attaining these cultivars is the focus of potato breeding programs whose aim is to benefit the productive chain. The purpose of this study was to estimate combining abilities and evaluate potato clones based on tuber appearance, yield, and resistance to the PVY and PVX viruses. Crosses between four commercial cultivars of potato with good tuber appearance were performed, using eight clones with proven resistance to PVY and PVX from the breeding program of UFLA. The clones obtained were evaluated for agronomic traits, tuber appearance, and the presence of both Ryadg and Rx1 alleles, which confer extreme resistance to the PVY and PVX viruses, respectively. The independent culling level method was used to select genotypes of commercial interest, as well as to estimate the combining abilities of the parents. We identified clones carrying the Ryadg and Rx1 alleles with agronomic traits suitable for the fresh market and for processing. The BRS Ana cultivar and CMA-399 and CMA-385 clones showed positive effects on general combining ability (GCA) for tuber yield, while the Monalisa cultivar showed positive effects on GCA for general tuber appearance.

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The aim of this study was to estimate the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 allele groups frequencies in a population of 1559 volunteer bone marrow donors from the northwestern region of São Paulo State grouped according to ethnicity. An additional objective was to compare the allele frequencies of the current study with data published for other Brazilian populations. The allele groups were characterized by the PCR-rSSO method using Luminex(®) technology. Twenty HLA-A, 32 HLA-B and 13 HLA-DRB1 allele groups were identified. The most common allele groups in European descent and mixed African and European descent samples were HLA-A*02, HLA-B*35 and HLA-DRB1*13, while HLA-A*02, HLA-B*35 and HLA-DRB1*11 were more common in African descent samples. The HLA-A*23, HLA-A*36, HLA-B*58 and HLA-B*81 allele groups were more common in sample from African descent than European descent, and the HLA-DRB1*08 was more common in mixed African and European descent than in European descent. Allele group frequencies were compared with samples from other Brazilian regions. The HLA-A*30 and HLA-A*23 were more common in this study than in the populations of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná; and the HLA-A*01, HLA-B*18, HLA-B*57 and HLA-DRB1*11 were more common in this study than in the population of Piauí. The least frequent allele groups were HLA-A*31, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40 and HLA-DRB1*08 for the population of Piauí, HLA-A*01 and HLA-A*11 for Parana, HLA-A*02 and -A*03 for Rio Grande do Sul and HLA-DRB1*04 for Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Piauí. These data provide an overview on the knowledge on HLA diversity in the population of the northwestern region of São Paulo State and show that the genes of this system are useful to distinguish different ethnic groups.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate arterial blood pressure (BP), variations that occur with age, influence of new habits, in indians of a Xavante tribe, located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: The evaluation procedures took place in 9/75 and 10/90. Fifty Xavante were examined in 1975. Thirty-five of them were men and 15 women. The mean age of the men was 45 and of the women, 31. In 1990, only 46 of those indians were re-examined (two were not located and two had already died of cancer and pneumonia), and evaluated with regard to arterial BP, food ingestion, physical activities, obesity, tobacco, alcoholic beverage consumption and social organization. RESULTS: In both occasions we did not find individuals with hypertension. The highest BP observed was of 140 x 90 in a 70-year-old indian. His result is consistent with what had been noted in 1975. Among the women, the highest level was of 130 x 60 in a 55-year-old female indian. The women maintained a lower level of BP as compared to the men of any age group. The average blood pressure showed a discrete increase going from 79.2 to 83.8 mmHg in the men and from 75.7 to 77.0 mmHg in the women. In this tribe we observed the habit of smoking in 30% of the individuals. Alcoholic beverage consumption is rare, physical activities remained constant and obesity is absent. As for the eating habits, with the decrease of hunting grounds, the indians acquired a more rural behavior with regular use of rice and beans. Salt is practically not added to the food. Competitiveness is not an acquired trait to that culture. CONCLUSION: In "isolated" populations that maintain their cultural traits and basic life styles, the occurrence of arterial hypertension is very rare and the increase in BP with age is modest and significant only for systolic.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate, in an isolated group of black individuals from a quilombo--a previous stronghold of rebel slaves (Kalunga) in the north of Goiás, the arterial blood pressure, as it related to age, sex, salt consumption, physical activities, obesity, tobacco and alcoholic beverage consumption and social organization. METHODS: We studied 159 people (74 males and 85 females) representing 15% of the adult population. All measurements, were taken by the first author with the patient both sitting and supine, after 3 minutes of relaxation. This procedure was repeated 3 times and only the last measurement was used for research purposes. RESULTS: Of the studied cases only 10 individuals with hypertension (PAd > or = 95 mmHg) representing 6.28% of the population were found. Of the patients with hypertension 2 were between 18 and 29 years of age, 3 between 30 and 45 and 5 over 46 years old. They were 7 females and 3 males. We did not find any significant difference between sexes or any significant elevation in the medium BP value. The salt intake is relatively low among them and 81.7% of the population do not use any salt at all in their food. Alcohol consumption and the habit of smoking are moderate. They have intense physical activity and obesity is rare. The Kalunga have a cooperativist society and money is not frequently used as they favor the barter system. CONCLUSION: In isolated population that maintain their cultural traits and basic life style, not adding salt to their diet, not being obese and maintaining intense physical activities, the occurrence of arterial hypertension is rare and the increases in BP level with age is not significant.

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Num estudo do metabolismo lipidico e condicoes circulatorias em pessoas residentes em cidades do estado de Goias ou internadas em asilos daquela regiao, os autores identificaram em 40 individuos com idades de 90 a ll4 anos (20 do sexo masculino) l0 casos com doenca de Chagas (6 do sexo feminino). O exame clinico nao evidenciou insuficiencia cardiaca. O exame radiologico nao mostrou cardiomegalia, mas, em 2 casos, revelou megaesofago. O eletrocardiograma demonstrou baixa voltagem (2 casos), alteracoes da repolarizacao ventricular (3 casos), taquicardia sinusal (1 caso), extra-sistoles ventriculares (4 casos), hemibloqueio antero-superior esquerdo (1 caso) e bloqueio trifascicular (1 caso). Concluem que, na doenca de Chagas, a evolucao desfavoravel se manifesta principalmente antes dos 60 anos e que os doentes que superam os 50 anos de idade sem cardiopatia grave nao tem a sobrevida sensivelmente afetada pela doenca. A influencia da desnutricao, da parasitemia e da permanencia no foco, nas pessoas com doenca de Chagas, parece ter menos importancia do que outros estudos sugerem, pois as pessoas estudadas eram trabalhadores bracais, desnutridos, que permaneceram longo periodo em zonas endemicas. Sugerem que as duvidas sucitadas por quadros evolutivos tao variados podem vir a ser esclarecidos pelos estudos de imunologia

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Summary The occurrency of vaginal trichomoniasis was investigated in pregnant women in the city of Manaus. Amazonas during de second semester of 1977. 313 women were randomly chosen to participate in the study. From the clientela of the prenatal, clinic of the main State Maternity Home. Freshly collected specimens of vaginal cavity were examined directly. 63.9% of the women were shown to be infected with trichomonas. It was also shown that the majority of pregnant mothers sought medical advice in the seventh month of pregnancy, infections were most frequent in mothers in the second pregnancy. The results are discussed and compared with other studies, both national and international.

Resumo É estudada a incidência da trichomoníase vaginal em gestantes na cidade de Manaus. Das pacientes que deram entrada no serviço de pré-natal da Maternidade-Escola "Ana Nery" durante o segundo semestre de 1977, 313 foram escolhidas ao acaso para participarem do estudo. Realizou-se o exame a fresco direto do material coletado da cavidade vaginal, por um swab esterilizado. Em 63.9% das pacientes o protozoário estava presente no material examinado. Verificou-se que o maior número de gestantes procurou os serviços médicos no sétimo mês de gestação e o maior número de infectadas estava na segunda gravidez. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com aqueles citados por outros autores nacionais e estrangeiros.

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Summary The occurrency of vaginal trichomoniasis was investigated in pregnant women in the city of Manaus. Amazonas during de second semester of 1977. 313 women were randomly chosen to participate in the study. From the clientela of the prenatal, clinic of the main State Maternity Home. Freshly collected specimens of vaginal cavity were examined directly. 63.9% of the women were shown to be infected with trichomonas. It was also shown that the majority of pregnant mothers sought medical advice in the seventh month of pregnancy, infections were most frequent in mothers in the second pregnancy. The results are discussed and compared with other studies, both national and international.

Resumo É estudada a incidência da trichomoníase vaginal em gestantes na cidade de Manaus. Das pacientes que deram entrada no serviço de pré-natal da Maternidade-Escola "Ana Nery" durante o segundo semestre de 1977, 313 foram escolhidas ao acaso para participarem do estudo. Realizou-se o exame a fresco direto do material coletado da cavidade vaginal, por um swab esterilizado. Em 63.9% das pacientes o protozoário estava presente no material examinado. Verificou-se que o maior número de gestantes procurou os serviços médicos no sétimo mês de gestação e o maior número de infectadas estava na segunda gravidez. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com aqueles citados por outros autores nacionais e estrangeiros.