RESUMO
Abstract Routine microbiological monitoring of rodent colonies in animal facilities is essential to evaluate the health status of the animals used in research studies. In the present study, animals were examined for the presence of selected microbial infections. In order to determine the contamination rates of mice and rats in Argentina, animals from 102 conventional facilities were monitored from 2012 to 2016. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. The common parasites identified were Syphacia spp. and Tritrichomonas spp. Serological assays demonstrated the highest prevalence for Mouse hepatitis virus in mice and Sialodacryoadenitis virus in rats. The results indicate that there is a high incidence of infections, so it is suggested that an efficient management system and effective sanitary barriers should be implemented in conventional facilities in Argentina in order to improve sanitary standards.
Resumen Los controles microbiológicos de rutina en colonias de roedores en bioterios son esenciales para evaluar el estado de salud de los animales que se utilizan en las investigaciones. En el presente estudio se examinaron animales de bioterios de Argentina con el objeto de detectar la presencia de infecciones microbianas seleccionadas. Con el fin de determinar los porcentajes de contaminaciones en estos individuos, se controlaron animales de 102 bioterios convencionales entre 2012 y 2016. Las bacterias más frecuentes aisladas fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Proteus spp. Los parásitos comunes identificados fueron Syphacia spp. y Tritrichomonas spp. Los ensayos serológicos demostraron la mayor prevalencia del virus de hepatitis del ratón en ratones y del virus de la Syalodacryoadenitis en ratas. Los resultados indican que hay una alta incidencia de infecciones, por lo que se sugiere que se debe implementar un sistema de gestión eficiente y barreras sanitarias eficaces en instalaciones convencionales en Argentina con el objeto de mejorar los estándares sanitarios.
RESUMO
Routine microbiological monitoring of rodent colonies in animal facilities is essential to evaluate the health status of the animals used in research studies. In the present study, animals were examined for the presence of selected microbial infections. In order to determine the contamination rates of mice and rats in Argentina, animals from 102 conventional facilities were monitored from 2012 to 2016. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. The common parasites identified were Syphacia spp. and Tritrichomonas spp. Serological assays demonstrated the highest prevalence for Mouse hepatitis virus in mice and Sialodacryoadenitis virus in rats. The results indicate that there is a high incidence of infections, so it is suggested that an efficient management system and effective sanitary barriers should be implemented in conventional facilities in Argentina in order to improve sanitary standards.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Animais/microbiologia , Doenças dos Animais/parasitologia , Animais de Laboratório/microbiologia , Animais de Laboratório/parasitologia , Doenças dos Animais/epidemiologia , Animais , Argentina , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Feminino , Incidência , Masculino , Camundongos , Doenças Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Parasitárias/parasitologia , Ratos , Viroses/epidemiologia , Viroses/veterinária , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
Although PTHrP is implicated in several cancers, its role in chemoresistance is not fully elucidated. We found that in CRC cells, PTHrP exerts proliferative and protective effects and induces cell migration. The aim of this work was to further study the effects of PTHrP in CRC cells. Herein we evidenced, for the first time, that PTHrP induces resistance to CPT-11 in Caco-2 and HCT116â¯cells; although both cell lines responded to the drug through different molecular mechanisms, the chemoresistance by PTHrP in these models is mediated through ERK, which in turn is activated by PCK, Src and Akt. Moreover, continue administration of PTHrP in nude mice xenografts increased the protein levels of this MAPK and of other markers related to tumorigenic events. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to ERK 1/2 activation and the study of ERK targets may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment.
Assuntos
Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células CACO-2 , Camptotecina/farmacologia , Carcinogênese/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/enzimologia , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Biológicos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Quinase C-alfa/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Quinases da Família src/metabolismoRESUMO
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient mice is used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting observation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Experimentais/microbiologia , Pasteurella pneumotropica/fisiologia , Adenocarcinoma , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Regressão Neoplásica Espontânea , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/imunologiaRESUMO
La técnica de trasplante de tumores humanos en ratones inmunodeficientes es muy utilizada como modelo en investigaciones sobre el cáncer. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, los animales de experimentación deben estar libres de los micoorganismos que interfieren en los resultados finales de las investigaciones, dentro de los cuales se encuentra Pasteurella pneumotropica. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la interferencia que produce esta bacteria en el crecimiento de la línea celular A549 de adenocarcinoma humano trasplantada en ratones de la cepa nude N:NIH (S)-nu. Se utilizaron 40 ratones divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: inoculados con la línea celular; grupo 2, con la bacteria; grupo 3, con la línea celular y la bacteria y grupo 4, el control sin inoculaciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento tumoral entre los animales de los grupos 1 y 3. Si bien este microorganismo es un patógeno oportunista no letal, los ratones trasplantados con la línea celular A549 e infectados con P. pneumotropica no son aptos para utilizarse como modelo animal en estudios sobre el cáncer debido a que esta bacteria interfiere en el desarrollo de la línea tumoral, con la consecuente interpretación errónea de los resultados. Pero el hecho que la bacteria haya causado la regresión de un tumor en pleno crecimiento es inesperado y el mecanismo de acción será objeto de futuros experimentos.
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient miceis used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting bservation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Experimentais/microbiologia , Pasteurella pneumotropica/fisiologia , Transplante de Tecidos , Adenocarcinoma , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Nus , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/imunologia , Infecções por Pasteurella/prevenção & controle , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
La técnica de trasplante de tumores humanos en ratones inmunodeficientes es muy utilizada como modelo en investigaciones sobre el cáncer. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, los animales de experimentación deben estar libres de los micoorganismos que interfieren en los resultados finales de las investigaciones, dentro de los cuales se encuentra Pasteurella pneumotropica. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la interferencia que produce esta bacteria en el crecimiento de la línea celular A549 de adenocarcinoma humano trasplantada en ratones de la cepa nude N:NIH (S)-nu. Se utilizaron 40 ratones divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: inoculados con la línea celular; grupo 2, con la bacteria; grupo 3, con la línea celular y la bacteria y grupo 4, el control sin inoculaciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento tumoral entre los animales de los grupos 1 y 3. Si bien este microorganismo es un patógeno oportunista no letal, los ratones trasplantados con la línea celular A549 e infectados con P. pneumotropica no son aptos para utilizarse como modelo animal en estudios sobre el cáncer debido a que esta bacteria interfiere en el desarrollo de la línea tumoral, con la consecuente interpretación errónea de los resultados. Pero el hecho que la bacteria haya causado la regresión de un tumor en pleno crecimiento es inesperado y el mecanismo de acción será objeto de futuros experimentos.(AU)
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient miceis used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting bservation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Proliferação de Células , Transplante de Tecidos , Neoplasias Experimentais/microbiologia , Pasteurella pneumotropica/fisiologia , Adenocarcinoma , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neoplasias Experimentais/imunologia , Camundongos Nus , Transplante de Neoplasias , Infecções por Pasteurella/prevenção & controle , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
La técnica de trasplante de tumores humanos en ratones inmunodeficientes es muy utilizada como modelo en investigaciones sobre el cáncer. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales, los animales de experimentación deben estar libres de los micoorganismos que interfieren en los resultados finales de las investigaciones, dentro de los cuales se encuentra Pasteurella pneumotropica. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la interferencia que produce esta bacteria en el crecimiento de la línea celular A549 de adenocarcinoma humano trasplantada en ratones de la cepa nude N:NIH (S)-nu. Se utilizaron 40 ratones divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: inoculados con la línea celular; grupo 2, con la bacteria; grupo 3, con la línea celular y la bacteria y grupo 4, el control sin inoculaciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento tumoral entre los animales de los grupos 1 y 3. Si bien este microorganismo es un patógeno oportunista no letal, los ratones trasplantados con la línea celular A549 e infectados con P. pneumotropica no son aptos para utilizarse como modelo animal en estudios sobre el cáncer debido a que esta bacteria interfiere en el desarrollo de la línea tumoral, con la consecuente interpretación errónea de los resultados. Pero el hecho que la bacteria haya causado la regresión de un tumor en pleno crecimiento es inesperado y el mecanismo de acción será objeto de futuros experimentos.(AU)
The technique of human tumor cell line transplantation in immunodeficient miceis used worldwide as a model for cancer research. In accordance with international recommendations, animals used in biomedical research should be free of microorganisms which can interfere in experimental results; including Pasteurella pneumotropica. The object of this study was to evaluate the interference produced by P. pneumotropica in the human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 transplanted in N:NIH(S)-nu mice. A total of 40 mice divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each was used to perform this study. Group 1: inoculated with the cell line; group 2, with the bacteria; group 3, with the cell line and the bacteria; group 4, as control with no inoculations. Significant differences were observed in tumor growth in groups 1 and 3, infected and not infected with P. pneumotropica. Although this microorganism is non lethal and only opportunistic, the infected animals are to be considered not suitable to be transplanted with the tumor cell line A549 for experimental studies since these bacteria interfere with tumor growth. However, the fact that a growing tumor regresses in the presence of the bacteria is an interesting bservation which deserves further exploration in order to elucidate the mechanism involved.(AU)