RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar si existen diferencias en factores favorecedores de disfonía, en un grupo de niños preescolares con voz saludable y otro con disfonía. Método En esta investigación se evalúo a un total de 96 niños entre los 2 y 5 años, de los cuales 17 presentaban disfonía y 79, voz saludable. Se comparó la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía entre ambos grupos, mediante un cuestionario dirigido a sus padres o cuidadores creado y validado especialmente para esta investigación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de muestras independientes para extraer el valor de p. Resultados Los resultados muestran una diferencia significativa en los valores del cuestionario (p=0,000) entre ambos grupos. El 91,6% de las preguntas se comportaron diferentes entre los grupos con y sin disfonía. Conclusión En esta investigación se encontraron diferencias entre la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía en niños preescolares con y sin disfonía. Los factores que tienen más diferencias tienen relación con causas físicas, ambientales y psicológicas.
ABSTRACT Objective To determine if there are differences in factors favoring dysphonia in a group of preschool children with healthy voice and another with dysphonia. Method In this research a total of 96 children between 2 and 5 years old were evaluated, of which 17 had dysphonia and 79 had a healthy voice. The presence of factors favoring dysphonia was compared between both groups, by means of a questionnaire addressed to their parents or caregivers created and validated especially for this research. Statistical analysis was performed by independent samples analysis to extract the p value. Results The results show a significant difference in the values of the questionnaire (p=0.000) between the two groups. The 91.6% of the questions behaved differently between the groups with and without dysphonia. Conclusion In this research, differences were found between the presence of factors favoring dysphonia in preschool children with and without dysphonia. The factors that have more differences are related to physical, environmental and psychological causes.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are differences in factors favoring dysphonia in a group of preschool children with healthy voice and another with dysphonia. METHOD: In this research a total of 96 children between 2 and 5 years old were evaluated, of which 17 had dysphonia and 79 had a healthy voice. The presence of factors favoring dysphonia was compared between both groups, by means of a questionnaire addressed to their parents or caregivers created and validated especially for this research. Statistical analysis was performed by independent samples analysis to extract the p value. RESULTS: The results show a significant difference in the values of the questionnaire (p=0.000) between the two groups. The 91.6% of the questions behaved differently between the groups with and without dysphonia. CONCLUSION: In this research, differences were found between the presence of factors favoring dysphonia in preschool children with and without dysphonia. The factors that have more differences are related to physical, environmental and psychological causes.
OBJETIVO: Determinar si existen diferencias en factores favorecedores de disfonía, en un grupo de niños preescolares con voz saludable y otro con disfonía. MÉTODO: En esta investigación se evalúo a un total de 96 niños entre los 2 y 5 años, de los cuales 17 presentaban disfonía y 79, voz saludable. Se comparó la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía entre ambos grupos, mediante un cuestionario dirigido a sus padres o cuidadores creado y validado especialmente para esta investigación. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante análisis de muestras independientes para extraer el valor de p. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran una diferencia significativa en los valores del cuestionario (p=0,000) entre ambos grupos. El 91,6% de las preguntas se comportaron diferentes entre los grupos con y sin disfonía. CONCLUSIÓN: En esta investigación se encontraron diferencias entre la presencia de factores favorecedores de disfonía en niños preescolares con y sin disfonía. Los factores que tienen más diferencias tienen relación con causas físicas, ambientales y psicológicas.
Assuntos
Disfonia , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Disfonia/diagnóstico , Disfonia/etiologia , Disfonia/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Qualidade de Vida , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (CVT) was a randomized clinical trial conducted between 2004 and 2010, which randomized 7466 women aged 18 to 25 to receive the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine or control Hepatitis-A vaccine. Participants were followed for 4 years with cross-over vaccination at the study end. In 2010 the long term follow-up (LTFU) study was initiated to evaluate the 10-year impact of HPV-16/18 vaccination, determinants of the immune response, and HPV natural history in a vaccinated population. Herein, the rationale, design and methods of the LTFU study are described, which actively follows CVT participants in the HPV-arm 6 additional years at biennial intervals (3 additional study visits for 10 years of total follow-up), or more often if clinically indicated. According to the initial commitment, women in the Hepatitis-A arm were offered HPV vaccination at cross-over; they were followed 2 additional years and exited from the study. 92% of eligible CVT women accepted participation in LTFU. To provide underlying rates of HPV acquisition and cervical disease among unvaccinated women to compare with the HPV-arm during LTFU, a new unvaccinated control group (UCG) of women who are beyond the age generally recommended for routine vaccination was enrolled, and will be followed by cervical cancer screening over 6 years. To form the UCG, 5000 women were selected from a local census, of whom 2836 women (61% of eligible women) agreed to participate. Over 90% of participants complied with an interview, blood and cervical specimen collection. Evaluation of comparability between the original (Hepatitis-A arm of CVT) and new (UCG) control groups showed that women's characteristics, as well as their predicted future risk for cervical HPV acquisition, were similar, thus validating use of the UCG. LTFU is poised to comprehensively address many important questions related to long-term effects of prophylactic HPV vaccines.