RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of medical appointments and the offer and use of oral health services have decreased sharply with the lockdown period. Restriction to regular dental care can increase the risk of oral diseases, capable of affecting general health and oral health-related quality of life, particularly among medically compromised patients. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort of 58 patients with NAFLD followed up from March 2020 (before the pandemic) to December 2021 (during the pandemic). RAND 36-Item Health Survey and Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) questionnaires were used to assess HRQoL and OHRQoL, respectively, in the two points of time. RESULTS: The scores of all scales HRQoL and of the question about health change in the last year decreased substantially with the advent of the pandemic. Large (>0.50) effect sizes were estimated for the scales Role functioning/physical, Pain, General health, and Energy/fatigue. Patients who had COVID-19 presented better HRQoL and OHIP-14 mean scores than those who did not have the disease. The OHIP-14 total score increased 3.6 points with the advent of the pandemic, representing a large effect size (0.62). Patients presented high probability (84.3%) of increasing OHIP14 score during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The HRQoL and the OHRQoL scores of NAFLD patients decreased substantially with the advent of the pandemic. However, these decreases were not associated with the COVID-19 disease by itself, but probably to other factors related to the deep social changes brought by the social isolation measures to combat the pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Saúde Bucal , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Pandemias , Estudos Prospectivos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the associations between health-related quality of life and work ability with the oral health status of patients with chronic liver disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 150 patients with chronic liver disease, consecutively seen at University Hospital, Salvador, Brazil. Oral health was evaluated by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and by the presence of gingivitis and periodontitis. Salivary flow was "reduced" when <1.0 mL/min. Health-related quality of life was evaluated by using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36); work ability was evaluated by the Work Ability Index questionnaire. RESULTS: All health-related quality of life indicators were systematically lower among the 99 patients with reduced salivary flow than among the 51 patients with normal salivary flow. Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, and Physical Component Summary scores were strongly correlated (P < 0.005 or less) with the number of Missing Teeth and with DMFT index. Reduced salivary flow was associated (P < 0.05) with poor work ability. Patients with poor or moderate work ability presented higher (P < 0.001) means of the DMFT index than those with good or excellent work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic liver disease who present poor oral health presented low health-related quality of life and poor work ability. These findings reinforce the need of these patients for specialized stomatological care.
Assuntos
Hepatopatias , Saúde Bucal , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação da Capacidade de TrabalhoRESUMO
Sugarcane production is strongly influenced by drought, which is a limiting factor for agricultural productivity in the world. In this study, the gene expression profiles obtained by de novo assembly of the leaf transcriptome of two sugarcane cultivars that differ in their physiological response to water deficit were evaluated by the RNA-Seq method: drought-tolerant cultivar (SP81-3250) and drought-sensitive cultivar (RB855453). For this purpose, plants were grown in a greenhouse for 60 days and were then submitted to three treatments: control (-0.01 to -0.015 MPa), moderate water deficit (-0.05 to -0.055 MPa), and severe water deficit (-0.075 to -0.08 MPa). The plants were evaluated 30, 60, and 90 days after the beginning of treatment. Sequencing on an Illumina platform (RNA-Seq) generated more than one billion sequences, resulting in 177,509 and 185,153 transcripts for the tolerant and sensitive cultivar, respectively. These transcripts were aligned with sequences from Saccharum spp, Sorghum bicolor, Miscanthus giganteus, and Arabidopsis thaliana available in public databases. The differentially expressed genes detected during the prolonged period of water deficit permit to increase our understanding of the molecular patterns involved in the physiological response of the two cultivars. The tolerant cultivar differentially expressed a larger number of genes at 90 days, while in the sensitive cultivar the number of differentially expressed genes was higher in 30 days. Both cultivars perceived the lack of water, but the tolerant cultivar responded more slowly than the sensitive cultivar. The latter requires rapid activation of different water-deficit stress response mechanisms for its survival. This rapid activation of metabolic pathways in response to water stress does not appear to be the key mechanism of drought tolerance in sugarcane. There is still much to clarify on the molecular and physiological pattern of plants in response to drought.
Assuntos
Pressão Osmótica , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Saccharum/genética , Transcriptoma , Secas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Folhas de Planta/genética , Saccharum/embriologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a gap in the scientific literature about the association between oral health and the health-related quality of life of patients on the liver transplantation waiting list. The aim of this work was to describe aspects of oral health and quality of life of patients on a liver transplantation waiting list. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among 116 patients with chronic hepatic disease: 29 on a liver transplantation waiting list (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score ≥15) and 87 under monitoring in a gastroenterology service in a Brazilian university hospital. Oral health was evaluated according to criteria recommended by the World Health Organization and by the European Association of Dental Public Health. Health-related quality of life was evaluated by means of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: Patients on the liver transplantation waiting list presented poorer health-related quality of life than those who were not on the list in the domains physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health perceptions, and social functioning and in the physical component summary. Periodontitis affected 72.4% of the patients on the liver transplantation waiting list, but only 27.6% of the patients not on that list. Reduced salivary flow was associated with poorer mental health component summary in hepatitis C patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on the liver transplantation waiting list presented poorer health-related quality of life than those who were not on the list, mainly in the indicators concerning physical health, as well as higher frequencies of decayed teeth and periodontitis. The mental health component summary was associated with reduced salivary flow in hepatitis C patients.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Saúde Bucal , Qualidade de Vida , Listas de Espera , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic chronic mycosis, endemic in Latin America, especially Brazil, and is the eighth leading cause of death among chronic and recurrent infectious diseases. PCM infection is characterized by the presence of Th1 immune response; the acute form, by a mixed Th2/Th9, while the chronic form is characterized by Th17/Th22 profiles. The occurrence and severity of human PCM may also be associated with genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on cytokines encoding genes. We investigated the association between these polymorphisms and the different clinical forms of PCM. We included 156 patients with PCM (40 with the acute form, 99 with the chronic multifocal and 17 with the chronic unifocal form) and assayed their DNA samples for IFNG +874 T/A SNP by PCR-ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutational System), IL12B +1188 A/C SNP on 3' UTR and IL12RB1 641 A/G SNP on exon 7 by PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). We found similar genotypic and allelic frequencies of the investigated SNPs among the clinical forms of PCM. Considering male patients, the IL12RB1 641 AA genotype was more frequent in the chronic multifocal form while heterozygosis was in the chronic unifocal form of PCM (p=0.048). Although our data suggest that the AA genotype (IL12RB1) may be associated with the more disseminated chronic disease, more patients of the chronic unifocal PCM group need to be analyzed as well as the secretion patterns of IFN-γ combined with the IL-12Rß1 expression for a better comprehension of this association.
Assuntos
Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Interferon gama/genética , Subunidade p40 da Interleucina-12/genética , Paracoccidioidomicose/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Interleucina-12/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Brasil , Criança , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Interferon gama/imunologia , Subunidade p40 da Interleucina-12/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paracoccidioides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Paracoccidioidomicose/imunologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/patologia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Receptores de Interleucina-12/imunologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Citrus canker, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp citri (Xac), is a major disease affecting citriculture worldwide, because of the susceptibility of the host and the lack of efficient control methods. Previous studies have reported that some genes of phytopathogenic bacteria possess a consensus nucleotide sequence (TTCGC...N15...TTCGC) designated the "plant-inducible-promoter box" (PIP box) located in the promoter region, which is responsible for activating the expression of pathogenicity and virulence factors when the pathogen is in contact with the host plant. In this study, we mapped and investigated the expression of 104 Xac genes associated with the PIP box sequences using a macroarray analysis. Xac gene expression was observed during in vitro (Xac grown for 12 or 20 h in XAM1 induction medium) or in vivo (bacteria grown in orange leaves for 3 to 5 days) infection conditions. Xac grown in non-induction NB liquid medium was used as the control. cDNA was isolated from bacteria grown under the different conditions and hybridized to the macroarray, and 32 genes differentially expressed during the infection period (in vitro or in vivo induction) were identified. The macroarray results were validated for some of the genes through semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the functionality of the PIP box-containing promoter was demonstrated by activating b-glucuronidase reporter gene activity by the PIP box-containing promoter region during Xac-citrus host interaction.
Assuntos
Genes Bacterianos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Xanthomonas/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Xanthomonas/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Objetivou-se estudar o efeito da utilização, ou não, da irrigação de pastagens em índices técnicos e gerenciais de 20 unidades demonstrativas (UD), participantes do programa Balde Cheio, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2011. Obteve-se relação matriz/mão de obra, animais no rebanho/mão de obra e produção de leite/mão de obra, animais/área de produção, percentagem de vacas em lactação, além da produção de leite. Analisou-se a rentabilidade considerando a margem bruta, a margem líquida, o resultado (lucro ou prejuízo), e a lucratividade. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software PASW 18.0. A utilização da irrigação de pastagens não alterou significativamente os índices avaliados. As maiores lucratividades e rentabilidades das propriedades que utilizam irrigação de pastagens foram consequência de melhores índices de produtividade animal/dia e por ha/ano. Quando considerados os indicadores margem bruta, líquida e resultado, utilizando a receita total, há descapitalização dos pecuaristas...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pasture irrigation on the technical and management indicators of 20 demonstrative units participating in the Balde Cheio Program in the state of Rio de Janeiro from January to December 2011. The following variables were obtained: dam/labor ratio, herd size/labor ratio, milk yield/labor ratio, animals/production area, percentage of lactating cows, and milk yield. Return was analyzed considering gross margin, net margin, outcome (profit or loss), and profitability. The data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 software. Pasture irrigation did not significantly alter the indicators studied. The greater profitability and return of farms using pasture irrigation were the consequence of better animal production rates/day and per ha/year. When gross margin, net margin and outcome using total revenue are considered, there is decapitalization of the farms...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Irrigação Agrícola , Leite , Produção de Alimentos , Agricultura , Pastagens/economiaRESUMO
Objetivou-se estudar o efeito da utilização, ou não, da irrigação de pastagens em índices técnicos e gerenciais de 20 unidades demonstrativas (UD), participantes do programa Balde Cheio, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2011. Obteve-se relação matriz/mão de obra, animais no rebanho/mão de obra e produção de leite/mão de obra, animais/área de produção, percentagem de vacas em lactação, além da produção de leite. Analisou-se a rentabilidade considerando a margem bruta, a margem líquida, o resultado (lucro ou prejuízo), e a lucratividade. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o software PASW 18.0. A utilização da irrigação de pastagens não alterou significativamente os índices avaliados. As maiores lucratividades e rentabilidades das propriedades que utilizam irrigação de pastagens foram consequência de melhores índices de produtividade animal/dia e por ha/ano. Quando considerados os indicadores margem bruta, líquida e resultado, utilizando a receita total, há descapitalização dos pecuaristas...(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pasture irrigation on the technical and management indicators of 20 demonstrative units participating in the Balde Cheio Program in the state of Rio de Janeiro from January to December 2011. The following variables were obtained: dam/labor ratio, herd size/labor ratio, milk yield/labor ratio, animals/production area, percentage of lactating cows, and milk yield. Return was analyzed considering gross margin, net margin, outcome (profit or loss), and profitability. The data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 software. Pasture irrigation did not significantly alter the indicators studied. The greater profitability and return of farms using pasture irrigation were the consequence of better animal production rates/day and per ha/year. When gross margin, net margin and outcome using total revenue are considered, there is decapitalization of the farms...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Leite , Produção de Alimentos , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Irrigação Agrícola , Pastagens/economia , AgriculturaRESUMO
1. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of two different diets on zootechnical performance and the major bacterial groups in association with the host mucosa and dispersed in the lumen contents of the small intestine of broiler chickens. 2. The two experimental diets were maize or sorghum-based. In addition to the total bacteria, bacterial groups belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae (Enterococcus and Lactobacillus) were quantified by real-time PCR. 3. There were no differences in body weight gain and feed intake, but feed conversion ratio increased for sorghum-fed broilers at 21 and 42 d of age. 4. The Enterococcus group decreased in all gut segments from 7 to 42 d, while the Lactobacillus group increased in both ecosystems. In the ileal mucosa, the enterobacterial counts decreased from 7 to 42 d in the maize-based diet, but remained stable in the sorghum-based diet. 5. The results shed light on the spatial and temporal distribution of bacterial groups that play important physiological roles in the small intestine of chickens. Specifically, the increased Enterobacteria population in the ileum is consistent with the relatively poor feed conversion in sorghum-fed broilers.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas/microbiologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Microbiota , Sorghum , Zea mays , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Masculino , Microbiota/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterináriaRESUMO
The black-and-gold howler monkey serves as a suitable model for development of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), which may later be applied in threatened species of the same genus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate semen characteristics of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), with emphasis on mitochondrial activity and acrosome integrity, using staining methods that are suitable for use under field conditions. Twenty six semen samples were collected by rectal probe electroejaculation from six adult captive males from the National Primate Center (CENP), Ananindeua, PA, Brazil. The following parameters were evaluated in each semen sample: volume, pH, concentration, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity. Both Spermac stain and the Simple Staining Method were suitable for acrosome evaluation. Diaminobenzidine needs further investigation to improve its application for this species. Overall semen quality improved from the first collection to the fifth collection. This highlights the importance of repeating semen collections when evaluating a male for use in ARTs. This research brought novel information on semen characteristics of Alouatta caraya which will aid further studies on the application of ARTs in this and other primate species.(AU)