RESUMO
Cardiac function requires appropriate proteins in each chamber. Atria requires slow myosin to act as reservoirs, while ventricles demand fast myosin for swift pumping. Myosins are thus under chamber-biased cis-regulation, with myosin gene expression imbalances leading to congenital heart dysfunction. To identify regulatory inputs leading to cardiac chamber-biased expression, we computationally and molecularly dissected the quail Slow Myosin Heavy Chain III (SMyHC III) promoter that drives preferential expression to the atria. We show that SMyHC III gene states are orchestrated by a complex Nuclear Receptor Element (cNRE) of 32 base pairs. Using transgenesis in zebrafish and mice, we demonstrate that preferential atrial expression is achieved by a combinatorial regulatory input composed of atrial activation motifs and ventricular repression motifs. Using comparative genomics, we show that the cNRE might have emerged from an endogenous viral element through infection of an ancestral host germline, revealing an evolutionary pathway to cardiac chamber-specific expression.
Assuntos
Átrios do Coração , Peixe-Zebra , Camundongos , Animais , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Átrios do Coração/metabolismo , Ventrículos do Coração , Miosinas/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismoRESUMO
Pt(II) and Pd(II) coordinating N-donor ligands have been extensively studied as anticancer agents after the success of cisplatin. In this work, a novel bidentate N-donor ligand, the N-[[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-2-pyridinemethanamine, was designed to explore the antiparasitic, antiviral and antitumor activity of its Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes. Chemical and spectroscopic characterization confirm the formation of [MLCl2 ] complexes, where M=Pt(II) and Pd(II). Single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed a square-planar geometry for the Pd(II) complex. Spectroscopic characterization of the Pt(II) complex suggests a similar structure. 1 H NMR, 195 Pt NMR and HR-ESI-MS(+) analysis of DMSO solution of complexes indicated that both compounds exchange the chloride trans to the pyridine for a solvent molecule with different reaction rates. The ligand and the two complexes were tested for inâ vitro antitumoral, antileishmanial, and antiviral activity. The Pt(II) complex resulted in a GI50 of 10.5â µM against the NCI/ADR-RES (multidrug-resistant ovarian carcinoma) cell line. The ligand and the Pd(II) complex showed good anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with around 65 % reduction in viral replication at a concentration of 50â µM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Platina/farmacologia , Platina/química , Ligantes , Cisplatino , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Paládio/farmacologia , Paládio/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Palicourea species has been used in folk medicine in the treatment of some diseases including cancer and inflammatory disorders. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative and in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract, fractions and two major alkaloids isolated from Palicourea minutiflora. Methanolic extract, non-alkaloidal and alkaloidal fractions exhibited strong growth inhibition for ovarian cell lines (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 3.8 at 16.3 µg mL-1) and the vincosamide alkaloid revealed selective effect on the growth of glioma cell lines (U251, GI50 = 33.0 µg mL-1) compared with doxorubicin (DOX, GI50 = 0.42 and 0.025 µg mL-1, respectively) anticancer drug. Methanolic extract, fractions and strictosidinic acid showed significant inhibitory effect with 62.7% at 77.5% (p < 0.05) to ear edema induced by croton oil and 81% at 100% (p < 0.05) to myeloperoxidase assay compared with indomethacin (positive control) 68.4% and 91.3% (p < 0.05), respectively.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Rubiaceae , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The aerial parts of L. cultratus were submitted to a phytopharmacological investigation in order to isolate and identify the major secondary metabolites and evaluate its crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds for antiproliferative activity. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as the chalcones 2',4'-dihydroxy-5'-prenylchalcone (1) and isocordoin (2), the flavanone 8-prenylpinocembrin (3), the alkaloid 4-hydroxy-N-methylproline (4), the triterpenes lupeol and lupenone. These compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance of 1H and 13C data in comparison with literature. Hexanic fraction and chalcone 2',4'-dihydroxy-5'-prenylchalcone showed potent results against human cancer cell lines tested.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Fabaceae/química , Catecóis/química , Catecóis/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Chalconas/química , Chalconas/isolamento & purificação , Chalconas/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Humanos , Células K562 , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/química , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundário , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
In the context of the cancer-inflammation relationship and the use of natural products as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, the alkaloid-enriched fraction of Boehmeriacaudata (BcAEF) aerial parts was evaluated. In vitro antiproliferative studies with human tumor cell lines showed high activity at low concentrations. Further investigation on NCI-H460 cells showed an irreversible effect on cell proliferation, with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and programmed cell death induction. Molecular docking studies of four alkaloids identified in BcAEF with colchicine's binding site on ß-tubulin were performed, suggesting (-)-C (15R)-hydroxycryptopleurine as the main inductor of the observed mitotic death. In vivo studies showed that BcAEF was able to reduce Ehrlich tumor volume progression by 30 to 40%. Checking myeloperoxidase activity, BcAEF reduced neutrophils migration towards the tumor. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by chemically induced edema models. In croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenan (CG)-induced paw edema models, BcAEF reduced edema around 70 to 80% together with inhibition of activation and/or migration of neutrophils to the inflammatory area. All together the results presented herein show BcAEF as a potent antitumor agent combining antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be further explored in (pre)clinical studies.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Boehmeria/química , Simulação por Computador , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspases/metabolismo , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Clonais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Orelha/patologia , Edema/patologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Exocitose , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Fosfatidilserinas/metabolismo , Padrões de Referência , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Herein reported are results of the chemical and biological investigation of red propolis collected at the Brazilian Northeast coastline. New propolones A-D (1-4), with a 3-{3-[(2-phenylbenzofuran-3-yl)methyl]phenyl}chromane skeleton; propolonones A-C (5-7), with a 3-[3-(3-benzylbenzofuran-2-yl)phenyl]chromane skeleton; and propolol A (8), with a 6-(3-benzylbenzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylchromane skeleton, were isolated as constituents of Brazilian red propolis by cytotoxicity-guided assays and structurally identified by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Propolone B (2) and propolonone A (5) display significant cytotoxic activities against an ovarian cancer cell line expressing a multiple drug resistance phenotype when compared with doxorubicin.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Própole/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Brasil , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and highest-grade brain tumor in adults. The prognosis is still poor despite the use of combined therapy involving maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The development of more efficient drugs without noticeable side effects is urgent. Coronarin D is a diterpene obtained from the rhizome extract of Hedychium coronarium, classified as a labdane with several biological activities, principally anticancer potential. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-cancer properties of Coronarin D in the glioblastoma cell line and further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Coronarin D potently suppressed cell viability in glioblastoma U-251 cell line, and also induced G1 arrest by reducing p21 protein and histone H2AX phosphorylation, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis. Further studies showed that Coronarin D increased the production of reactive oxygen species, lead to mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and subsequently activated caspases and ERK phosphorylation, major mechanisms involved in apoptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis referring to this compound on the glioma cell line. These findings highlight the antiproliferative activity of Coronarin D against glioblastoma cell line U-251 and provide a basis for further investigation on its antineoplastic activity on brain cancer.
Assuntos
Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química , Zingiberaceae/químicaRESUMO
The phytochemical investigation of Grazielia gaudichaudeana aerial parts yielded 15 compounds, including diterpenes, triterpenes, sterols and flavonoids. With exception to ent-kaurenoic acid diterpenes, the compounds isolated are being described for the first time in this species. Some unusual 1 H-NMR chemical shifts of 18-nor-ent-labdane (7-9) led us carry out a conformational analysis by theoretical calculations in order to support the experimental data. Moreover, due to the limitation of studies focused on pharmacological potential of Grazielia gaudichaudeana, the present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant, antiproliferative, antiviral, antileishmanial and antimicrobial activities from the extract, fractions and isolated compounds obtained from this species. Ethyl acetate fraction showed significant activity in the antiproliferative assay, with GI50 range of 3.9 to 27.2â µg mL-1 . Dichloromethane fraction, rich in diterpenoids, inhibited all human tumor cell lines tested, and the nor-labdane 7 showed potent cytotoxic activity against glioma and ovary cancer cell lines.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Diterpenos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antiprotozoários/química , Antiprotozoários/isolamento & purificação , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Asteraceae/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Conformação Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The genus Psychotria and Palicourea are reported as a source of alkaloids and iridoids, which exhibit biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities and quantification of the alkaloids of seven species among the genus found in Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil. METHODS: Concentrations of alkaloids were measured spectrophotometrically. The extracts were submitted to antiproliferative activity against ten cell lines. The anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was developed using brain structures of male Wistar rats: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum by the Ellman method. RESULTS: Alkaloids from Psychotria and Palicourea species were quantified which showed values of 47.6 to 21.9 µg/g. Regarding the antiproliferative potential, Palicourea crocea demonstrated selectivity against the 786-0 cell line (GI50: 22.87 µg/mL). Psychotria leiocarpa inhibited cell growth against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 3.28 µg/mL), K-562 (GI50: 5.26 µg/mL), HaCaT (GI50: 27.20 µg/mL), PC-3 (GI50: 34.92 µg/mL), MCF-7 (GI50: 35.80 µg/mL) and P. capillacea showed activity against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 2.33 µg/ml) and U251 (GI50: 16.66 µg/ml). The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was more effective in the hippocampus, demonstrating inhibition for Paliourea crocea, Psychotria deflexa, P. brachybotrya and P. leiocarpa of 70%, 57%, 50% and 40%, respectively, followed by P. poeppigiana and P. capillacea, inhibiting 21%, compared to the control. CONCLUSION: Herein, the present work showed for the first time, anticholinesterasic and antiproliferative activities of extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria seem to be mainly associated with the levels of alkaloids in the leaves of these species.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Iridoides/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rubiaceae/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/enzimologia , Humanos , Iridoides/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Rubiaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
ABSTRACT Plants are considered among the main sources of biologically active chemicals. The species Solidago chilensis Meyen, Asteraceae, is native to the southern parts of South America, where the aerial parts of the plant are commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, the effects of S. chilensis on human cancer cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative effects of the hydroalcoholic and dichloromethane extracts of S. chilensis, as well as their chemical constituents quercitrin and solidagenone against the five human tumor cell lines in vitro. The dichloromethane extract showed a promisor antiproliferative effects in vitro, especially against glioma cell line. Besides, the hydroalcoholic extract and quercitrin were inactive. The diterpene solidagenone showed highly potent antiproliferative effects against breast (MCF-7), kidney (786-0), and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells (total growth inhibition: TGI < 6.25 µg/ml). Solidagenone meets the theoretical physico-chemical criteria for bioavailability of drugs, according to the "Rule of Five" and, by theorical studies, the observed biological effects were probably related to the interaction of the molecule with nuclear receptors and as an enzymatic inhibitor. This study contributes to chemical study and to the identification of antiproliferative molecules in S. chilensis.