RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of combined intermittent fasting (IF) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on morphology, caspase-independent apoptosis signaling pathway, and myostatin expression in soleus and gastrocnemius (white portion) muscles from healthy rats. Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into four groups: control (C), IF, high-intensity-interval training (T), and high-intensity-interval training and intermittent fasting (T-IF). The C and T groups received ad libitum chow daily; IF and T-IF received the same standard chow every other day. Animals from T and T-IF underwent a HIIT protocol five times a week for 12 weeks. IF reduced gastrocnemius mass and increased pro-apoptotic proteins apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) in soleus and cleaved-to-non-cleaved PARP-1 ratio and myostatin expression in gastrocnemius white portion. HIIT increased AIF and apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain expression in soleus and cleaved-to-total PARP-1 ratio in gastrocnemius muscle white portion. The combination of IF and HIIT reduced fiber cross-sectional area in both muscles, increased EndoG and AIF expression, and decreased cleaved-to-non-cleaved PARP-1 ratio in gastrocnemius muscle white portion. Muscle responses to IF and HIIT are directly impacted by the muscle fiber type composition and are modulated, at least in part, by myostatin and caspase-independent apoptosis signaling.
Assuntos
Fator de Indução de Apoptose , Apoptose , Jejum , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta , Atrofia Muscular , Miostatina , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Masculino , Apoptose/fisiologia , Jejum/metabolismo , Jejum/fisiologia , Miostatina/metabolismo , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/patologia , Fator de Indução de Apoptose/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares de Contração Lenta/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares de Contração Rápida/patologia , Endodesoxirribonucleases/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Jejum Intermitente , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1RESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the influence of intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on myocardial apoptosis signaling and cardiac morphological characteristics in healthy rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SED-C), intermittent fasting (SED-IF), high-intensity interval training (HIIT-C), and high-intensity interval training plus intermittent fasting (HIIT-IF). SED-C and HIIT-C groups were treated daily with ad libitum chow; SED-IF and HIIT-IF received the same standard chow every other day. HIIT-C and HIIT-IF rats were submitted to an HIIT protocol five times a week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, functional capacity, cardiac morphology, and expression of apoptosis signaling pathways-related proteins were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: HIIT increased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and the pro-apoptotic proteins AIF and caspase-3 expression, and reduced pro-apoptotic protein CYTC expression and the cleaved-to-non-cleaved PARP-1 ratio in myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and expression of Bax, CYTC and cleaved PARP-1, and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. SMAC, ARC, and caspase-8 expression was not changed by HIIT or intermittent fasting. SIGNIFICANCE: HIIT promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and modulates the apoptosis signaling pathway in healthy rat myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduces pro-apoptotic and increases antiapoptotic signaling, besides attenuating HIIT-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.