Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/análise , Biomarcadores/análise , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Peixes/fisiologia , Poluentes da Água/análise , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Indução Enzimática , Poluentes da Água/efeitos adversosRESUMO
In this preliminary study on sea birds we propose the use of porphyrins in excreta as a biomarker of exposure to contaminants. Samples of excreta were obtained from colonies of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis thagus), neotropic cormorants (Phalacrocorax olivaceus), and kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) in three areas of the south coast of Chile with different human impact (Tubul, Talcahuano, and Valdivia). They were analyzed for porphyrin content (copro-, uro-, and protoporphyrins and total porphyrins) by a rapid fluorimetric method and by HPLC. The main outcomes of the study were: (a) kelp gulls and neotropic cormorants living in areas with high human impact showed a clear capacity to accumulate and eliminate porphyrins in the excreta; (b) species-related accumulation capacities are likely, as shown by the different levels found in different species living in the same area; (c) the porphyrin profile obtained by fluorimetry and HPLC showed a higher percentage of protoporphyrin than the other porphyrins; (d) although the fluorimetric method of Grandchamp is semiquantitative, it was found to be sensitive enough to detect differences in samples from field studies. The positive results of this preliminary study make it possible to propose this nondestructive method for a variety of field applications.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Aves/fisiologia , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Porfirinas/análise , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fezes/química , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for assessing the toxicological risk of endangered populations of pinnipeds based on a nondestructive biological tool, the skin biopsy specimen. Skin biopsies can be obtained from pinnipeds by anaesthetising the animals and taking a small amount of skin in the anterior flipper area, or by shooting a biopsy dart with a crossbow. Skin biopsy material is suitable for a wide range of chemical and biomarker analysis. Organochlorines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be analysed in subcutaneous fat and MFO activity (BPMO), Cyt.P450 isoforms, and DNA damage can be detected in epidermis.
Assuntos
Caniformia/metabolismo , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Oxigenases de Função Mista/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Focas Verdadeiras/metabolismo , Pele/enzimologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Argentina , Biomarcadores/análise , Biópsia , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/análise , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Água do Mar/química , Pele/patologia , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
The fingerprint of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in biopsy, fur, blood, liver and faeces of live and dead specimens of two Argentinian population of southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens). One colony lives in Mar del Plata harbour which is particularly polluted with petroleum, the second (control) colony lives at Punta Bermeja (Patagonia). The highest concentrations of the five carcinogenic PAHs were found in the Mar del Plata sea lions.