RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between caries experience, obesity, and socioeconomic and environmental factors in 2, 5 and 12 years-old schoolchildren. Secondarily, the influence of school infrastructure was assessed. METHODS: Primary data from 1762 schoolchildren from the municipality of Cajamar (SP, Brazil) and socioeconomic and environmental secondary data (Brazilian Census 2010, School Census, Prova Brasil/2017) were used. Caries and treatment experience (dmft/DMFT indices), dental occlusion, visible biofilm, weight and height were assessed. RESULTS: Caries experience was found in 6.5%, 40.2% and 46.5% of children at 2, 5 and 12 years, respectively. At 12y, greater caries experience was observed among children financially assisted by the Bolsa Família governmental program. Excess weight was found in 30%, 35% and 34% at 2, 5 and 12 years. At 2 and 5 years, the highest dental caries indices were associated with disadvantageous socioeconomic indicators (households water supply and sewage system, garbage collection, literate head and income), while overweight was associated with female sex and better socioeconomic aspects. At 12y, the group with obesity was characterized by low dmf+DMFT index and better household aspects, while the group with greater dmf+DMFT index comprised normal-weight children. A correlation between the percentage of caries experience and student/employee ratio of the school was observed. CONCLUSION: An association between disadvantageous socioeconomic and environmental aspects and dental caries was observed, while obesity was associated with better socioeconomic status of the schoolchildren. While no direct association was found between obesity and dental caries, the results emphasize the influence of socioeconomic/environmental variables on health outcomes.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Criança , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Índice CPO , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which disturbances in breathing, masticatory and swallowing functions may impact the eating behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of asthma on taste sensitivity, masticatory behavior and feeding problems in children. The sample consisted of 91 children (6-7y) divided into two groups: asthma (n=46) and control group (n=45). Interviews were held with parents/guardians and clinical examinations were performed to gather information on medical, dental and feeding aspects. The gustatory sensitivity for sucrose and urea (sweet and bitter, respectively) were measured by staircase method designed for this age-range. The respiratory and masticatory functions were evaluated using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores-expanded (OMES-e) protocol. Feeding problems were assessed using the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale, exploring oral motor, sensory, appetite, maternal concerns, child's behavior, and strategy aspects after transcultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. The two groups were homogeneous relative to sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status. Although the total OMES-e scores did not differ between groups, the frequency of changes in food incision and escape were different (p=0.007 and p=0.0011, respectively). The Asthma group required more time and higher number of masticatory cycles to eat the test-food (p<0.05). The gustatory thresholds for sweet and bitter were different, with asthmatic children requiring significantly higher concentrations to perceive the taste (p<0.001). The frequency of children classified by their parents according to feeding difficulties also differed between groups (p=0.001; Fisher's exact test). Asthmatic children showed remarkable changes in taste, chewing and eating behaviors, thereby pointing out the eating problems they may experience, which should be considered when designing and implementing therapeutic interventions.
Assuntos
Asma , Comportamento Alimentar , Asma/complicações , Brasil , Criança , Deglutição , Humanos , MastigaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate educational strategies and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)-restoration impact on salivary physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. DESIGN: Two groups of 6- to 7-year-old children were included: GART , with at least one decayed primary molar (n = 36), submitted to four sessions of oral health educational strategy (OHES) and ART restoration; GC , a paired caries-free group (n = 36), submitted to four sessions of OHES. Three evaluations were carried out: baseline, 1 week after OHES, and 1 month after OHES or ART, when biofilm and gingivitis frequencies, salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were assessed. Total bacteria and Streptococcus mutans were quantified in unstimulated saliva (qPCR). RESULTS: Improvement in biofilm and gingivitis scores, salivary pH, and buffering capacity after OHES was observed in GC , with a decrease in total bacteria and S. mutans counts. GART also showed changes in salivary parameters, even before ART restoration was delivered, and total bacteria count remained lower than baseline 1 month after ART restoration, although a trend to increase the proportion of S. mutans was observed. CONCLUSION: Improvements in salivary physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were observed after educational strategies, thus reducing the caries risk of children with decayed teeth, although a trend to increase the S. mutans percentage was observed 1 month after ART restoration.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/terapia , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Saúde Bucal/educação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Saliva/química , Saliva/microbiologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cálcio/análise , Criança , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Gengivite/etiologia , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Fósforo/análise , Streptococcus mutansRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the association between excess weight and quality of life (QoL), symptoms of anxiety, caries experience and socio-economic factors in a representative sample of 8- to 10-year-old children from three public schools of Piracicaba (SP, Brazil). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Image was applied to explore family and social relations, activities, health, body functions and separation domains, and, by means of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, symptoms of anxiety were screened. Clinical examination was performed using DMFT/dmft indexes to assess oral health and caries experience. Medical and nutritional history, parents' schooling, monthly income and ownership of household goods and services were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 313 subjects included, four subjects were underweight, 188 normal weight, 67 overweight and 54 presented obesity (38.7% with excess weight). Measures of QoL, anxiety scores and caries experience did not differ between groups. The regression model showed a significant association between excess weight and the ownership of household goods and services (OR = 5.4/CI = 1.6-18.3). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of excess weight was observed among prepubertal children, emphasizing the need for continued health programmes to limit risk factors for obesity. QoL, anxiety scores and caries experience did not differ between subjects with different body weights, although children from public schools with higher ownership of goods and services were more likely to present excess weight.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate bite force (BF) and oro-facial functions at different dentition phases (initial-mixed, intermediate-mixed, final-mixed and permanent dentition) in children and adolescents diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The sample was selected from four public schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 289 participants recruited, aged 8-14 years old, 46 were placed into the TMD group. TMD was diagnosed using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (2011). Oro-facial functions were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), which involves both an interview and a clinical examination. BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer. Age and body mass index (BMI) were also considered. The data were analysed by the following tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Spearman and Pearson coefficients, Qui-square test, Fisher's exact or binomial test, as indicated. Moreover, univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied. For the TMD group, scores associated with NOT-S interview and NOT-S total were higher than for the control group (P = 0.033 and P = 0.0062, respectively). No differences in BF between genders or groups (P > 0.05) were detected. Variables included in the multivariate logistic regression were BMI and NOT-S total. Based on this analysis, NOT-S total was associated with TMDs. Reported sensory function was the specific domain within NOT-S interview that established the significant difference between the groups (P = 0.021). The TMD group also had a greater number of alterations in the face-at-rest domain of the NOT-S exam (P = 0.007). Concluding, it did not detect an association between TMDs and either dentition phase or BF. Instead, BF correlated with age and BMI. Oro-facial dysfunction was associated with TMD in the studied sample, but this association may be bidirectional, requiring further researches.
Assuntos
Força de Mordida , Dentição Mista , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: In adults, sleep bruxism (SB) may be related to reports of pain or fatigue in the muscles of mastication, resulting from multiple muscle contractions that occur during the night. In children, little is known about the consequences of this parafunction. PURPOSE: The objective was to compare the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the masseter and anterior portion of the temporalis muscles in children with and without SB; acquisitions were made at rest (RE) and in maximal intercuspal (MI) positions of the mandible. METHODS: Twenty children with signs and symptoms of SB (mean age 7.20 years ± 0.52) and 20 controls without signs or symptoms of SB (mean age 7.40 years ± 0.50) were selected. The controls were matched to the type of occlusal morphology evaluated according to Björk et al. (Acta Odontol Scand 22:27-40, 1964). Muscle activity was measured with the mandible at RE, MI and maximal clenching with cotton roll (MC), on the left and right sides. Data from the RE and MI (mV) were normalized by calculating them as % MC. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: The subjects' age did not differ significantly between groups. EMG of temporalis muscle at RE differed between the right and left sides in both groups. There was no significant difference in EMG of masseter and temporalis muscles between groups. CONCLUSION: Children with SB showed no significant difference in EMG of masticatory muscles at RE and in MI positions of the mandible when compared with the control group.
Assuntos
Eletromiografia/métodos , Músculo Masseter/fisiopatologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Bruxismo do Sono/fisiopatologia , Músculo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Oclusão Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Má Oclusão/fisiopatologia , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/fisiopatologia , Mandíbula/fisiopatologia , Mordida Aberta/fisiopatologia , Sobremordida/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the relationship between orofacial function, dentofacial morphology, and bite force in young subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and sixteen subjects were divided according to dentition stage (early, intermediate, and late mixed and permanent dentition). Orofacial function was screened using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). Orthodontic treatment need, bite force, lateral and frontal craniofacial dimensions and presence of sleep bruxism were also assessed. The results were submitted to descriptive statistics, normality and correlation tests, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression to test the relationship between NOT-S scores and the studied independent variables. RESULTS: The variance of NOT-S scores between groups was not significant. The evaluation of the variables that significantly contributed to NOT-S scores variation showed that age and presence of bruxism related to higher NOT-S total scores, while the increase in overbite measurement and presence of closed lip posture related to lower scores. Bite force did not show a significant relationship with scores of orofacial dysfunction. No significant correlations between craniofacial dimensions and NOT-S scores were observed. CONCLUSION: Age and sleep bruxism were related to higher NOT-S scores, while the increase in overbite measurement and closed lip posture contributed to lower scores of orofacial dysfunction.
Assuntos
Força de Mordida , Dentição , Sobremordida/fisiopatologia , Bruxismo do Sono/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Cefalometria , Criança , Deglutição , Feminino , Humanos , Lábio/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Mastigação , Postura , FalaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between psychological factors and the presence of deleterious oral habits in children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: 147 students aged 8 to 14-years-old were divided in two groups concerning the presence and absence of DOH Habit group (HG) and Habit free group (HFG). Participants were asked about the presence of DOH using the domain III (Oral Habits) of the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Brazilian Portuguese versions of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), respectively. Saliva was collected 30 min after waking and at night to determine the diurnal decline in salivary cortisol (DDSC). Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of DOH was higher in females than males (65.1 vs 34.9; p < 0.05). The most frequent DOH was nail biting (58.7%). HG presented more depressive symptoms than HFG (p < 0.05). There was positive correlation between salivary cortisol levels and age (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis found association between symptoms of anxiety and the presence of DOH (OR = 2.35; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, children and adolescents with DOH presented more symptoms of depression than their counterparts. Moreover, they were more likely to report symptoms of anxiety.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Hábitos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Mordeduras Humanas/psicologia , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Ritmo Circadiano , Feminino , Sucção de Dedo/psicologia , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/análise , Masculino , Hábito de Roer Unhas/psicologia , Saliva/química , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyse mastication and the sense of taste in 39 patients submitted to cancer treatment in different areas of the body and to compare these variables with those of 44 control individuals within the same age range. The following aspects were assessed: dental status (DMFT); stimulated and non-stimulated salivary flow; sense of taste (salty, sweet, bitter and sour); and masticatory performance (MP), through the calculation of X(50). Logistic regression models were established to test the association between the independent variables and cancer treatment. Cancer patients had lesser stimulated salivary flow, a smaller number of teeth and occlusal units, worse MP, higher salty, sweet and sour taste scores and a lower bitter taste score (P < 0·05). A significant positive correlation was found between MP and the DMFT index in both groups (P < 0·05), meaning that a lower DMFT index value denoted a smaller X(50) value (better masticatory performance). The logistic regression model revealed that patients who had undergone cancer treatment had a greater probability of exhibiting a smaller number of teeth, higher salty and smaller bitter taste scores (P < 0·05). It was concluded that patients who were submitted to cancer treatment presented oral physiology alterations when compared with control subjects at the same age range.
Assuntos
Mastigação/fisiologia , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia , Salivação/fisiologia , Percepção Gustatória/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/terapia , Análise de Regressão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between masticatory performance (MP) and bite force (BF) in children with sleep bruxism (SB) during the mixed dentition stage, considering also the occlusal characteristics. The sample was composed by 52 healthy children of both genders, aged 6-10 years. From those, 22 presented signs and symptoms of SB and 30 were the controls. SB diagnosis consisted of both parental report and presence of tooth wear. MP was evaluated by the individual's ability to communicate an artificial chewable test material for determining the median particle size (X50) and distribution of particles in the different sieves (b). BF was measured using a digital gnathodynamometer with fork strength of 8 mm. The results were submitted to descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests, Spearman's correlation and multiple logistic regression. Mean BF and X50 did not differ between groups with and without SB. A significant negative correlation was observed between BF and X50 only in the group of children with SB. Moreover, the logistic regression model showed an association between the presence of SB and higher b index. The other independent variables included in the model showed no association with SB. BF did not differ between children with and without SB. Besides, higher BFs in children with SB meant better MP; however, they were more likely to present chewed particles retained in the larger aperture sieves, consequently requiring more chewing cycles to break down the test material in smaller particles.